Term
| A1-major origins of modern Western Civilization |
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Definition
| Judeo Christian, Greco Roman, Germanic |
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Term
| A2-consequences of the Neolithic agricultural revolution |
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Definition
| Shift from Nomadic to domestic communities. Allowed for specialization. Division of labor. Gender roles, writing. |
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Term
| A3-basic characteristics of civilizations |
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Definition
| Urban focus, religious structure, oganised government, social structure, writing |
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Term
| A4-contributions of the Sumerians to Mesopotamian culture |
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Definition
| Bronze metal, wheeled transport, cuneiform writing, cylinder seal, ziggurats |
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Term
| A5-characteristics of Mesopotamian civilization |
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Definition
| focused on citys, experienced great political instability, pessimistic outlook, no positive afterlife |
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Term
| A6-significance of Menes, of Osiris and of Isis |
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Definition
| Menes united upper and lower Egypt - Osiris river deity (ressurection) Isis Land diety, wife of Osiris. Idea of ressurection & afterlife, judgement in this life for the next. |
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Term
| A7-changes introduced by the Hyksos |
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Definition
| New agriculture, bronze tools and weapons, warfare tactics weapons (chariots/swords) |
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Term
| A8-significance of Ahmose I, and Amenhotep IV |
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Definition
| Ahmose defeated & expelled the Hykos, reunited Egypt. Amenhotep - Epic fail. |
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Term
| A9-important Indo-European languages |
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Definition
| All derived from a single tongue: Greek, Latin, Persian, Sanskrit, Germanic. |
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Term
| A10-contributions of the Hittites |
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Definition
| Transmitted mespopotamian culture to the western civilization (mgreeks). Pat says "Iron". |
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Term
| B1-accomplishments of King Solomon |
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Definition
| Expanded political and millitary power and united Isreal, temple building. Judgement of the Child. Wisdom of a god. |
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Term
| B2-characteristics of Yahweh |
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Definition
| Single and only god, obey or be punished. All people were his servants whether they knew it or not. transcendant - created nature (his handiwork) |
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Term
| B3-three aspects of Jewish religious tradition |
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Definition
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Term
| B4-new concepts of the prophets |
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Definition
| Universalists, social justice. Warned the israelites they must obey God's commandments or fail and be punished. |
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Term
| B5-influences of the Hebrews |
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Definition
| History had meaning, all people are responsible to god. God cared for all people. Charity and social justice were important. |
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Term
| B6-most important cultural contribution of the Phoenicians |
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Definition
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Term
| B7-factors allowing Assyrians to conquer and maintain an empire |
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Definition
| eliminated heraldry rulership & used local officials. Deployed X00,000 troops at a time. communication by horse relay. Advanced military tactics (guerilla warfare), Iron. |
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Term
| B8-important developments during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II |
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Definition
| Defeated Assyrian Empire, Restored Babylon, Hanging Gardens, Prosperous:Ag,Trade Routes,Industry (Metal) |
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Term
| B9-policies of Cyrus the Great showing that he “demonstrated considerable wisdom” |
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Definition
| Allowed conquered Babylon to keep it's officials, beranea province, appealed to their vanity he won their loyalty, didn't force but cultivated people's culture. Father type, gentle ruler, kept Persian/Native people in govt. |
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Term
| C1-geographical features which played a significant role in developing Greek history |
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Definition
| Small area (45k sq miles), surrounded by sea, High mountains. |
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Term
| C2-developments during the Dark Ages which formed the basis of a revived Greece |
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Definition
| Migrated across Agean sea, increased trade, Iron, alphabet, Homer, Farming. |
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Term
| C3-basic story of the Iliad and of the Odyssey |
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Definition
| Illiad - Trojan war, Odyssey - Odysseus, virtue is better than vice. |
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Term
| C4-significance of the hoplites in the new military order |
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Definition
| Armored Infantrymen, Phalanx, challenge aristocratic control. |
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Term
| C5-effects of Greek colonization |
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Definition
| Diffusion of Greek culture, Greater sense of identity/trade, Liked each other after touring about. |
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Term
| C6-economic consequences of Greek colonization |
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Definition
| Urbanization, Growth of the middle class. |
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Term
| C7-actions of the tyrants which made their actions more acceptable |
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Definition
| Built marketplaces & temples & walls (citys), fostered Art. |
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Term
| C8-significance of Cypselus |
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Definition
| So well liked he didn't need bodyguards, Son killed by mob because he failed at life. |
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Term
| C9-changes introduced by Lykurgus |
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Definition
| Millitary camp, dist land equally, common dining area eating fixed ammounts, selective breeding, exposure of children. |
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Term
| D1-factors stimulating commerce and industry in Athens |
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Definition
| Poor agriculture, mineral deposits, harbors. |
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Term
| D2-reforms made by Solon, and by Cleisthenes |
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Definition
| Solon- canceld land debts, outlawed human collateral, freed debtors/slaves. Only wealthy 1nd & 2nd class could hold political office. 3rd class=boule-agenda, 4th Poor can vote. All could do jury duty, no women. |
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Term
| D3-significance of Sappho, of Hesiod, and of Theognis |
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Definition
| Sappho - Great female lyric poet, homosexuality. Hession- Farmer, poet - God person, hardwork, honesty themes Theognis-Went broke poet, hob-nob only, don't mix w/poor. |
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Term
| D4-sequence of the four major battles of the Persian Wars |
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Definition
| Marathon, Thermopylae, Salmis, Platea. |
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Term
| D5-governmental structure under Pericles |
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Definition
| Assembly of citizens met 40x/yr. Executive council of 500 chosen by lot, 6k judges selected by lot, board of 10 generals elected annually. |
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Term
| D6-philosophical attacks on democracy according to A.H.M. Jones |
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Definition
| People have excess liberty & freedom, people are treated equally, poor majority will rule the rich minority. |
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Term
| D7-reason the Athenian constitution was called a democracy according to Pericles |
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Definition
| Power was in the whole of the people, not the minority. |
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Term
| D8-fundamental long-range cause of the Peloponnesian War according to Thucydides |
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Definition
| Fear that Athens & it's empire inspired in Sparta. |
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Term
| E1-central theme of Herodotus’ work. |
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Definition
| Conflict between the Greeks & Persians |
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Term
| E2-assumptions of Thucydides about history |
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Definition
| History repeats itself, not gods, but people & politics |
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Term
| E3-story of Sophocles’s Oedipus the King |
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Definition
| Fated to Kill his father and mary his mother |
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Term
| E4-method advocated by Aristophanes’ Lysistrata to end the Peloponnesian war |
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Definition
| sex strike by wives to end the war. |
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Term
| E5-ways Classical Greek sculpture differed from the kouros figure of the Archaic period |
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Definition
| nude males, relaxed postures, beauty over ridgid stiffness. |
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Term
| E6-belief of Thales, and of Pythagoras |
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Definition
| Thales - Unity of the universe linked by water. Pythagorias - Universe found through music and numbers. |
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Term
| E7-teaching method used by Socrates |
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Definition
| Question and answer style. |
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Term
| E8-basic philosophical assumptions of Plato, and of Aristotle |
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Definition
| Plato-Math is reality, ideas are perfect & eternal. Abstract thinking. Aristotle-Biology is reality, everything has a purpose. Organization and classification is important. Realistic thought. |
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Term
| E9-function of each god:Zeus, Athena, Apollo, Aphrodite, and Poseidon |
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Definition
| Zeus-Father, head god. Athena-Wisdom. Apollo-Sun. Aphrodite-Love, Posiedon-Oceans/earthquakes. |
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Term
| E10-characteristics of Greek values |
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Definition
| The male focus on friendship & homosexual relationships hurt male/female relations. Honor comes to heros. Fate is beyond control, yet influenced by personality. Associated the good life with youth, the good person with age. Develop excellence (arete) w/out excessive pride (hubris). |
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Term
| F1-portrayal of Philip II by Demosthenes, and by Isocrates |
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Definition
| Demosthenes-Ruthless, Decietfull & barbaric. Isocrates-Savior who would rescure the Greeks. |
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Term
| F2-alliance created for the Greeks after the Battle of Chaeronea |
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Definition
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Term
| F3-Spielvogel’s interpretation of Alexander the Great’s aspirations |
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Definition
| Autocratic monarchy vs. lofty vision of unity. Aspired divine honors (be a god). |
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Term
| F4-political legacy of Alexander the Great |
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Definition
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Term
| F5-dynasty established in Macedonia, in Syria, and in Egypt |
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Definition
| Antigonid, Seleacids, Ptolemies. |
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Term
| F6-innovative Hellenistic military techniques |
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Definition
| Elephants, Catapults, Seige Weapons, new warships. |
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Term
| F7-complaint of the Egyptian camel driver |
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Definition
| looked down upon because he didn't know how to behave like a greek. |
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Term
| F8-noticeable feature of Hellenistic social life |
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Definition
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Term
| G1-reason Alexandria was a cultural center |
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Definition
| Rulers patronized culture, library. |
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Term
| G2-focus of Polybius’s history |
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Definition
| Inhabited mediteranian world, growth of Rome from a city-state to an empire. |
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Term
| G3-contribution of Aristarchus of Samos, Eratosthenes, and Euclid |
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Definition
| Aristarchus of Samos-Heliocentric (earth orbits the sun), Eratosthenes-Earth was rount, calculated circumference within 200miles, Euclid-fundamentals of geometry. |
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Term
| G4-famous quotes of Archimedes of Syracuse |
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Definition
| Eureka!, Give me a level and a place to stand, and I will move the earth. |
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Term
| G5-contribution of Hippocrates to medicine |
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Definition
| seperated medicine from philosophy. |
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Term
| G6-beliefs of Epicureanism, and of Stoicism Epicureanism |
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Definition
| Pleasure and friendship. Stoicism-Persuit of happyness through virtue, accepting fate. |
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Term
| G7-beliefs of Cynicism, and of Skepticism Cynics |
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Definition
| Replace the conventional with the natrual (hippies) Skepticism-Since knowledge is relative, be happy by suspending judgement. (I dunno) |
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Term
| G8-fundamental premise of the mystery religions |
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Definition
| Individuals could persure a path of salvation with a union to their god (jesus like figure.) |
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Term
| G9-Jewish festival celebrating the capture of the Temple from the Seleucids |
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Definition
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Term
| Essay 1-Four most important developments in this unit. |
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Definition
| 1-Technology (metal casting) 2-Religion 3-Knowledge/Culture 4-Women's roles. |
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Term
| Essay 2-3 ideas from Hammurabi's Code |
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Definition
| Eye for an Eye, Consumer Protection Laws, Women slaves have little rights. |
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Term
| Essay 3-3 differences between mesopotamian and egyption civilizations |
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Definition
| Afterlife (M-bad, E-good), Egypt Isolated, Meso-Lots of war, Predictability of water. |
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Term
| Essay 4-3 most important contributions to Western Civ |
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Definition
| Language, Spartan Perfection, Philosophy, Government. |
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Term
| Essay 5-Develop 3 reasons that AlexTG captures the imagination of the modern world |
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Definition
| Miracle of youth (20-32), Conquered the World, Alexandria, Empire building. |
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Term
| Essay 6-4 Modern ideas influenced by Cynicism, Stoicism, Epicureanism, or Skepticism. Make clear which is which |
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Definition
| Epicureanism=Agnostic, pleasure in moderation, Stoicism=Divine province, Cynicism=Hippies, Skepticism=don't care. |
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