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| Act of returning people to their nation of origin. Often refers to the act of returning soldiers/refuges to their birth country |
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| Government-financed construction projects, such as highways and bridges, for use by the public |
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| Term popularized in the 1930's to describe American bankers and arms makers whose support for the allied cause, some historians charged, drew the US into WWI |
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| Policy of making concessions to an aggressor nation, as long as its demands appear reasonable, in order to avoid war. |
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| Belief that the US should avoid foreign entanglements, alliances, and involvement in foreign wars |
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| Splitting of a nucleus of an atom into at least two other nuclei, accompanied by the release of energy. Fission with Uranium/Plutonium powered by Atomic Bomb |
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| American-born citizens of Japanese ancestry, contrasted with Issei, native-born Japanese who moved to the US |
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| Congress On Racial Equality, an organization founded in 1942 that believed blacks should use non-violent civil disobedience to challenge segregation |
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| Hatred, prejudice, oppression or discrimination against Jews or Judiasm |
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| Term applied to those who, after WWII, believed the US should avoid foreign entanglements |
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| Prevention of an action by fear of the consequences, during the cold war, especially among nuclear powers |
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| Declaration issued by the president or a governor which possesses the same power as a law |
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| Point of view generally shared by a group, institution, or even a culture |
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| Degree to which people adjust their behaviour, values, and ideas to fit into a group or society |
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| Corporation whose various branches, or subsidies are either directly or indirectly spread among a variety of industries, usually unrelated to one another |
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| Forms of communication designed to reach a vast audience, generally a nation state or larger, without personally contact between the senders and receivers |
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| Policy of using the threat of nuclear war in order to persuade an opponent to back down |
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| Military-Industrial Complex |
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| Combination of the US armed forces, arms manufacturers, and associated political and commercial interests, which grew rapidly during the Cold War era |
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| Mutually Assured Destruction(MAD) |
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| National defense strategy in which a nuclear attack by one side would inevitably trigger an equal response leading to the destruction of both the attacker and defender |
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| Tactic used by protestors, workers and consumers to pressure business organizations though a mss refusal to purchase their products or do business with them |
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| Form of direct action in which protestors non-violently occupy and refuse to leave an area |
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| Spatial and social separation of populations brought about by social behavior rather than by laws or legal mechanisms |
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| Programs designed to identify and organize local leaders to take steps to alleviate poverty and crime in their neighborhoods |
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| Constitutional concept, embodied in the 5th and 14th amendments, that no person shall be deprived of life/liberty/property without legal safeguards. |
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| Advocate of a minimalist approach to governing, in which the freedom of private individuals to do as they please is paramount |
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| Movement encouraging unity among religions, especially among Christian denominations and between Christians and Jews |
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| Characterized by shifts in perception and altered states of awareness, often hallucinatory, and usually brought on by drugs such as LSD, Mescaline or Psilocybin |
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| Process of steady intensification, rather than a sudden marked increase, applied to the increasing American military presence in Vietnam |
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| Nicknames for the two opposing positions in American policy during Vietnam. Hawks supported escalation of war and Doves argued it was wrong and that the US should withdraw |
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| Phrase coined by Nixon in a 1969 speech, referring to the large number of Americans who supported his policies, but did not express their views publicly |
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| Relaxation of strained relations between nations, especially among the US, USSR and China during the 70's and 80's |
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| Idea that identity cannot be reduced to a single shared essence. This philosophy contrasts with the belief that citizens should assimilate into a uniform cultural identity of shared values |
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| Practice of actively seeking to increase the number of racial and ethnic minorities, women, persons in a protected age category, persons with disabilities, and disabled veterans in a work place or school |
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| Life-centered. Also a theory of moral responsibility stating that all forms of life have an inherent right to exist and that humanity is NOT the center of existence. |
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| Theory that emphasizes tax cuts and business incentives that encourage economic growth rather than deficit spending to promote demand |
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| Group of Western cattlemen, loggers, miners, developers and others who argued that federal ownership of huge tracts and land and natural resources violated the principle of states' rights |
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| The contracting of goods or devices from outside a company or organization in order to maintain flexibility in the size of the organization's work force. |
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| The constitutional process whereby members of the House of Reps bring charges against a government official for 'treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors'. If impeached,trial moves to the Senate where a 2/3 vote is needed to convict, and therefore remove from office. |
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| War undertaken in anticipation of imminent attack or invasion by another nation or in hopes of gaining a strategic advantage when war seems unavoidable |
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| Two major branches of Islam. Sunni's believe that leader should be chosen by community. Shi'ites believe that leader is a descendent of Muhammad. |
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| Transfer of an economic enterprise of public utility from the control of the government into private ownership |
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| American Individualism (1922) |
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| Hoover's book that set out ideology that should drive American policy, public service, neighborliness, self-help, volunteerism, and cooperation. Stressed individualism as a part of the American character. |
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| Smoot-Hawley Tariff (1930) |
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| Raises tariff rates. Accepted by Hoover and said that allowing cheap goods to enter the country would make home industries worse. Ended up causing the depression to spread around the world because was no longer buying foreign goods. |
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| Reconstruction Finance Corp (1932) |
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| Created by congress to help the banks. Loaned money to the banks, helped increase bank liquidity, and avoid failure. |
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| National Recovery Administration (1933) |
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| Designed to bring business together, maintain wages, maintain employment, limit production, etc. Ruled unconstitutional. |
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| Agriculture Adjustment Administration (1933) |
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| Paid farmers to NOT grow certain products and reduce the size of their herds and crops. Designed to decrease supply and thus raise prices. Ruled unconstitutional |
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| Federal Emergency Relief Administration (1933) |
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| Gave money to the states to distribute as they saw fit |
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| Works Progress Administration (1935) |
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| Employed millions of Americans in doing jobs that the private sector wouldn't do. They build national parks, schools, bridges, roads, etc. |
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| Social Security Act (1935) |
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| Designed to be both a relief measure and an act of reform. Helped the unemployed, whether they were old, young, single, or mothers with children. All workers shared the burden of payment. |
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| Karl Von Clausewitz- On War (1831) |
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| 'War is a political intercourse with addition of other means'. War is a conflict of wills, the will to achieve victory and avoid surrender. |
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| US, G.B., USSR, China, Free France |
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| Casablanca Conference (1943) |
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| FDR closed meeting with a press conference and introduced the new policy of unconditional surrender |
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| Hungarian Physicist who urged Einstein to write a letter to FDR and persuade him to build an atomic bomb. Origin of the phrase 'Gettin' Slizard sippin' Sizzurp'. |
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| Secretary of War Henry Stimson |
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| In charge of the Manhattan Project |
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| In charge of the day-to-day aspects of the Manhattan Project |
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| The idea of breaking up a project so that each group doesn't know what the overall task is, or what the other groups are working on. There were 37 parts working on the Manhattan Project |
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| German physicist who fled to Britain because he was a Commie. Worked in Los Alamos on the bomb, but was actually a Russian Spy. Allowed the Russians to know about the bomb, even though the US was keeping it secret from them. |
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| Truman calls for a team of experts to look at the future of atomic weapons, especially their usage after WWII |
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| US promise to provide military aid to countries facing communism (mainly Greece and Turkey). Helped to resist aggression and subjugation. |
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| Gave economic aid to West Germany and other European countries to strengthen capitalist ideals. Offered to USSR but they turned it down saying it was a 'Western Conspiracy' |
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| Military alliance of the West. Said that if one member is attacked, the other members would support it. |
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| Believed and pushed for the idea of containment. Said that the Russians would keep pushing all over the world until it was all Communist |
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| Eisenhower's campaign message to end war in Korea, end corruption, and fight against communism. |
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| Ran as VP under Eisenhower. Charged with using campaign money for personal items |
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| Nixon's speech in which he confronted the charges of corruption and then when on to talk about his family and his dog, Checkers. Gave him a much better image and allowed him and Eisenhower to win. |
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| Submerged Lands Act (1953) |
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| Signaled that the president favored local over federal control |
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| Brown vs. the Topeka Board of Education (1954) |
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| Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional and should be integrated with 'all deliberate speed' |
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| Arkansas Governor who denied the integration of the Little Rock high schools and called in the National Guard to keep blacks out. |
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| Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955) |
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| Planned by the NAACP and lead by MLK. Blacks refused to ride city buses for weeks until Montgomery caved and allowed blacks to sit anywhere. |
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| Secretary of State. Did most of the talking for Eisenhower, but Eisenhower did the decision making. Very active in foreign policy |
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| Smith vs. Alwright (1944) |
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| All white primary ruled unconstitutional. Helped blacks vote in the South |
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| Black student who was barred entry to UT's law school because there was a black one set up in Prarieview. Sued and argued that the two facilities were NOT equal. |
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| Medicare provides benefits for those over 65. Medicaid for those under 65. |
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| Liberalism that aimed to protect people though the use of big government |
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| Everyone has the right to vote. Passed by LBJ after JFK assassination. |
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| LBJ signaled an unconditional war on poverty by establishing the office of economic opportunity. |
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| Office of Economic Opportunity |
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| Educated the young, fed school children, gave job training, etc. |
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| US backed leader of South Vietnam. Nationalist and Anti-communist. Eventually became too authoritarian and the US supported a coup against him. |
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| Idea that if Vietnam fell to communism, the surrounding Asian countries would as well. |
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| Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964) |
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| President of the US became authorized to use any means necessary, including armed forces, to aid South Vietnam and prevent aggresion |
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