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| The written record of the human experience. |
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| Time frame that both Civilization and History begins |
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| Idea that life developed from simple to complex organisms |
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| Idea that a spiritual force designed and made the universe |
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Old Stone Age (? - Around 8000 BC)
People were probably nomadic, lived in caves, etc. |
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New Stone Age (Around 8000 BC - 4000 BC)
People started farming, maybe raised livestock. |
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| Five Components of Civilization |
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1.) Government
2.) Economy
3.) Arts (or Culture)
4.) Sciences (Math, Medicine, Engineering)
5.) Religion (Defines purpose, unifies people) |
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| Cradles of Civilization (Usually formed around river valleys) |
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| Four Major Cradles of Civilization |
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1.) Northeast Africa: Watered by Nile river. (Egypt)
2.) Mesopotamia: Watered by both the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. (Iraq)
3.) India: Watered by Indus river.
4.) China: Watered by Yellow river. |
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| Southeast tributary of the Nile river |
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| Southwest tributary of the Nile river |
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| Year that Menes unifies Egypt |
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| The spirit of truth and righteousness. The ethical code the Egyptians believed you should act by and be judged by in the afterlife. |
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| (3100 BC - 2200 BC) Time where the pyramids were built. Most recognized part of Egyptian history. |
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| Pharaoh with an extreme ego. Calls upon someone to build the first pyramid for him. |
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| Father of Medicine and accomplished engineer who designs the first pyramid. |
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| The Step Pyramid of Saqqarra |
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| The first (and therefore oldest) pyramid. |
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| Site of the largest pyramids of the world, along with the Sphinx, mummies, etc. |
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| The largest pyramid ever built. |
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| Pharaoh that the largest pyramid ever was built for. |
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| Pharaoh that the second largest pyramid ever was built for. |
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| Pharaoh that the third largest pyramid ever was built for. |
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| First Intermediate Period (Egypt) |
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| (2200 BC - 2050 BC) Civil war breaks out after Menkure's death between distant cousins of Menkure. |
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| Second Intermediate Period (Egypt) |
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| (1750 BC - 1580 BC) War with an outside tribe occurs. Egyptians eventually win. |
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| The tribe Egypt went to war with during the Second Intermediate Period. One of the first groups of people to domesticate horses and were the first to use chariots. Egyptians had to use the Hyksos' own technology against them to win. |
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| Pharaoh who didn't do much of anything. His tomb was the site of an important archeological dig. |
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| A form of picture writing that wealthy Egyptians used. There are over 5,000 letters in hieroglyphs. |
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| Two Major Books in Hieroglyphs |
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1.) The Book of the Dead
2.) The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant |
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| Names of the Two Souls that leave your body when you die (Egypt) |
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| Soul of the spirit (what Christians would view as the soul) |
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| Hall of Two Truths (Egypt) |
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| Location in the afterlife where your soul will be judged. |
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| First mummy (in Egyptian religious folklore). God that judges your soul in the afterlife. Married his sister. Killed by his brother. God of the afterlife, the underworld, and the dead. |
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| Goddess of Wisdom. Enlists the help of a dog-headed god to help her find the pieces of her husband/brother, making the first mummy. |
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| Dog-headed god who helps the goddess of wisdom find her husband/brother and creates the first mummy. Associated with mummification and the afterlife. |
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| Belief of more than one god. Most religions in ancient times are polytheistic. |
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| Belief of only one god. Only Hebrews are monotheists in ancient times. |
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| Peasant in "The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant" who argues the case of his stolen donkey to the Pharaoh. |
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| Rich, selfish man in "The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant" who steal's the peasant's donkey because it ate grass on his property. |
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| Moral of the Story "The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant" |
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| The Pharaoh is a righteous judge |
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| Two other names for Hebrews |
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| Two religions spawned by Judaism |
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| The Jewish "Bible". The Old Testament |
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| First five books of the Tanakh. (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy) |
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| Jewish writer. Wrote most of the Torah himself. Also found the 10 Commandments and The Covenant. |
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| A early leader of wandering Hebrews. |
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| First Hebrew Patriarch. Leads his people to The Holy Land. |
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| Place in Egypt that Abraham leads the Hebrews to. with his brother Issac and son Jacob. Live in peace with the Egyptians. |
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| Length of time Hebrews stay in the Land of Goshen |
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| Event in the "10 Plagues of Egypt" Bible story where the angel of death "passed over" houses where Hebrews lived |
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