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| reacting to change happening in America; wanted to impose order in the world and curb most glaring injustices of previous years |
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| individual and societies were capable of growth and it was a natural process |
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| need for human and government intervention for growth and improvement |
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| natural and social sciences made understanding world possible, which then made it possible to better the world |
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| Progressive belief that monopolies naturally led to corruption |
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| progressive belief that all of society is made up of interlocking webs of relationships - down the the individual level, state of well-being reflects state of society |
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| journalists who published expose's to show how small circles of power led to corruption-now takes place through tv |
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| collection of church programs, mainly protestant; involved congregations in wealthy parts of city who would go to poor parts and help in welfare-steps towards achieving grace and redemption |
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| attempt to improve living behaviors by changing environment |
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| bought property in poor Chicago area and would try and teach poor immigrant women social norms, English language, etc |
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| associations so important for unified groups of experts because people trusted them so much that they had to be able to guarantee some kind of standard of what you get |
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| make up bulk of reformers; time it took to perform domestic tasks decreased, so now doing other things; not having has many kids; some not getting married |
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| initially discussed books and things they did in college; well-educated wealthy women who believed in social cohesion; began to take on more political issues (prohibition) |
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| women deserve right to vote as mothers and because they are different from men, not because they're different |
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all-out state economic planning
??? |
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| ran every time socialist party had candidate; active in the Pullman Strike |
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| members elected as a group-each member of rep/dem but elected to commission-will do what's best for cities, not their parties |
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| outside political world for short-term specific tasks-no want to further certain parties |
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| to pass certain law, citizens acquire number of signatures then put up for initiative |
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| certain number of signatures, state votes law up or down |
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| gather certain number of signatures to decide whether someone stays in office or gets voted out |
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| Wisconsin governor/senator; perfect balance-good speaker, intelligent; RR regulations, workers comp initiatives/referendum |
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| believed federal government should be independent force |
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| believed strongly in free market; tariffs protect American industry |
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| 3 million drafted, 2 million more written into forces-critical juncture of war |
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| made sure right materials got produced-guaranteed record profits if give up business for short time-produces first billionaires |
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| guaranteed higher wages, better hours, etc in eschage for promise not to strike; as soon as war over, all bets off |
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| blacks leaving south-chain migration: large groups moving to same place-cause lots of tension |
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| act as mothers of societies protectiong sons, husbands, country |
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| believed countries should be split by class not nationality so nations shouldn't be fighting |
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| encouraged individual journalists to turn in those journalists that weren't 100% behind the war |
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| allowerd for sensory of mail-socialists party mail stopped being delivered becasue they didn't support the war |
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| broad-anyone not supporting president, war, etc was put in prison (targeted socialists) |
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| warrant out for arrest-said war was won by taking rights away |
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| brought everything in society to halt-eventually had to be put down by marines |
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| put down by national guard |
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| steel essential-nothing can be produced-biggest strike/union |
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| happened because blacks coming back from war believed they shouldn't have to move off sidewalks, on buses, etc for whites |
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| more than 500 injured, 30 died |
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| Hoover made list of 6,000 communists who were suspected in bombing and tried to arrest them all-embarrassing for him |
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| Attorney General who had bomb go off near his home, caused red scare |
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| changes places spatially-leads to surburban development because people could live further away from work and businesses |
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| all americans could now use radios, new plastics, etc made appliances cheaper so more were bought |
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| people define themselves by what discretionary items they purchase |
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| structures became perfected-if not marketing items as necessities, then have to mark it as a status setter to make people want to buy |
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| mass circulation publications |
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| reached larger audiences; meant everyone in nation read the same news instead of just local news |
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| connected large group of people |
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| attempt to take new developments to interpret the Bible to make it compatible to new breakthroughs-wanted to make a way Christians could stay Christians but use sciences in everyday life |
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| responded to modernist religion: Bible was a record of truth that needed no interpretation |
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| attempt to move local one room schools to more modernized schools taht included entire counties |
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quickly spiraled out of control
??? |
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| wanted to defend scopes-most famous defense lawyer and atheist |
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| wanted to assist prosecution: embarrassed himself by not knowing about science at end of trial |
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| artists and intellectuals-so alienated by new culture they were focused inwardly-one of the most important generations of artists/intellectuals |
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| ridiculed everything from art interpretations, religion and democracy-sabotaged cultures |
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| uncertain fate of old vaules in new world-intricate sketches of societies |
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| central theme: understanding expressions of african american roots to form african american cultures |
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| came from all black town in florida; studied mixture of african traditions and new african american cultures |
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| lack of economic diversification |
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| auto industry and related fields ruled economy; eventually slacked off because everybody owned one |
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| uneven distribution of wealth |
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| two groups left behind: workers (made low wages, hard time forming unions, got laid off) and farmers (overproduction, nobody buying) |
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| small bank: failed because of dealing with farmer's problems; large banks: invested most of money in stock market, hurt when it crashed |
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| about a decade after the war, countries supporting themselves or too poor to buy from america |
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america -> germany -> britain/france -> america
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| personality that radiated energy and optimism; had incredible abillity to convey empathy despite his background of wealth |
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| closed all banks until they went through inspection |
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| goal-stop overproduction and raise prices; wanted to produce enough of the needed commodities, but nothing beyond that |
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| leading industrialists came together to write; set min prices and wages to keep the from falling; biggest failure becasue industrialists wrote it so they formed loopholes and made prices too high |
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| most successful; 7 states in the heart of the south; attempt to provide public utilities and resources to extremely impoverished areas for very cheap |
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| attacked FDR and New Deal-said he acted like dictator and that some acts were anti-capital; fails to genearte support outside of small corporate elite |
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| had 5 mil old supporters; plan for government to have old age pensions when Americans turned 60-when got pensions had to retire-had to spend 85% of it |
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| had weekly radio program; criticized FDR for being soft on big banks; came so close to supporting hitler he lost almost all his supporters |
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| LA governor/senator; poor; launched own New Deal in LA-new hospitals, schools; share our wealth society: all income above $1 mil should be tazed 100% to guarantee all Americans middle class |
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| unskilled, blacks, and women could join; tended to be more militant and more likely to strike |
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| forced corporations to recognize unions and cooperate with them |
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| government funded immediate relief for elderly; government, employee, emplyer pay monthly into fund they can draw fro when they retire |
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| budget was $5 bil to begin; at given time, 2 mil workers; buildings renovated and new ones built; funded artists, writers, scholars who were out of work |
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| mostly people who had benefitted from new deal; farmers in south; elderly people, progressivism members who now supported dems |
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| for every justice over 75, to "relieve their workload" FDR would add a younger justice; didn't work |
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| federal office holders in D.C met with FDR's wife-made sure whatever money could get to black communitites got there |
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| first woman to hold office position; more women beginning to work |
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fearing and resenting foreign people, immigrants, minorities, and people who do not conform to dominate social/political hypes (behavior) types.
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