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| Not two/ radical non-dualism |
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| Interior component of reality (tattva) known as the I-maker, or ego. |
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| The value of non-harming. |
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| Worship of a deity, particularly the flame offering, mostly in temples. |
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| An organization founded Dayānanda Sarasvati. It emphasized the Vedas as the basis of religious doctrine. |
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| A Vedic ritual known as the horse sacrifice and described in the Yajurveda. |
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| 14. Bhagwan-Rajneesh/Osho |
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| (1930-1990 CE) A controversial guru, also known as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. |
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Seeds; often refers to one’s actions with regards to karma. Seed syllable.
A Bija mantra is seed (bija) mantra (sacred utterance). It is typically a short utterance, which may encapsulate the vibratory essence of a deity. In class, I provided the example of the bija-mantra, Dum, which stands for the goddess Durga. The bija-mantra may be found at the centre of a yantra of the deity that it represents. So Dum might be inscribed at the centre of the Durga Yantra |
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| Society of the Absolute; founded by Ram Mohan Roy. |
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| A discus; energy centers or vortices. |
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| Viewpoint; perspective; philosophical school; audience with a deity. |
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| Dayānanda Sarasvati (1824–1883) rejected the Hinduism of the Purāṇas and Tantras, deeming them to be the compositions of self-serving men. He rejected polytheism, image worship, and the concept of the avatāras, but upheld the Vedas as the basis of all truth. In 1875, Dayānanda founded the Ārya Samāj (Society of Noble Ones) |
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| Dualism/ Dualistic philosophy propounding that God, and matter, are both separate and real. |
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| The Twice-born; a particular varṇa status. |
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| Inner sanctum of a Hindu temple. |
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| The householder stage in life |
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| Impressive gateways characteristic of the Southern style of temple. |
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| Monkey god and hero who aids Rāma in the Rāmāyaṇa. |
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| One of the three most important energy channels (nāḍī). |
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| Birth group; subdivision within Hindu society; often referred to as a caste. |
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| (1895-1986) Former Theosophist, promoted as the World-Teacher; he later abandoned this role, teaching that Truth should be discovered by oneself. |
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| The highest knowledge; omniscience. |
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| Warrior class; one of the upper three classes of the varṇa system. |
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| The path of awakening of latent cosmic energies within the body. |
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| Influential Dharma Śāstra text. |
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| Madhva (1238–1317) was born near Udipi, in the region of the South Indian state of Karnataka. He was a prolific writer, producing many commentaries on the classic Vedānta foundational texts, and on the Bhāgavata Purāṇa and the Mahābhārata. Madhva’s philosophy is known as Dvaita or dualism. Actually it postulates the existence of three types of entities: Brahman (Īśvara), souls (jīvātman), and matter (prakṛti). |
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| 64. Maharishi-Mahesh-Yogi |
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| Transcendental Meditation |
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| Sexual union; coitus images |
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| Liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. |
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| Parched grain, or female sexual partner. |
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| A deity that is embodied in a material form. |
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| Beyond or without attributes. |
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Pancatattva refers to the five (panca) elements (tattva) ritual that characterize Left hand Tantra (if explicitly/actually participated in -- rather than simply symbolically). It is also known as the pancamakara, or 5-Ms, because the 5 items in the panca-tattva begin with the Sanskrit letter M.
They are:
Mamsa: meat
Matsya: fish
Madya/Mada: liquor
Mudra: parched grain or female consort (the term also means symbolic gesture)
Maithuna: sexual intercourse |
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| One of the body’s three central energy channels (nāḍī). |
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| Rendered immaculate or blessed. |
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| Hindu devotional worship. |
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| (1861-1941) Bengali poet and Nobel laureate; son of Debendranath Tagore, leader of the Brāhmo Samāj;. |
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| (1772 to 1833 CE) Founder of the Brāhmo Samāj, a reform movement in India; fostered the abolishment of satī. |
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| A South Indian mystic and proponent of Advaita Vedānta who taught the practice of self-inquiry (ātma-vicāra). |
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| (11th to 12th centuries CE) A Vedānta philosopher associated with Qualified Non-Dualism. |
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| The ten-headed demon in the Hindu epic the Rāmāyaṇa. |
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| Possessing qualities. (Brahman that can be characterized). |
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| Thousand-fold; the seventh interior energy vortex (cakra) located approximately at the crown of the head. |
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| Purity; luminosity; a fundamental quality of Nature (guṇa). |
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| Satya Sai Baba (1926–) was born in the State of Andhra Pradesh and claims to be the incarnation of the saint Sai Baba of Shirdi (c. 1838–1918), in Maharashtra, whose name he adopted. Sai Baba of Shirdi was a somewhat mysterious figure, believed to have been a miracle worker. He exemplifies the classic image of the fakir, an itinerant holy man, whose ascetic practices and reputed powers are consonant with the values of both Islamic Sufism and the Hindu śramaṇa tradition. |
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| Holding fast to truth, a term coined by Gandhi. |
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| A temple spire characteristic of the Northern style of temple. |
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| The heroine of the Hindu epic the Rāmāyaṇa. |
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| A disciple; first of the prescribed stages in life. |
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| Traditional; literature thought to have been composed by human beings and passed down as tradition through the generations; contrasts with śruti. |
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| Creator of Integral Yoga. |
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| (1486 to 1533 CE) Bengali bhakti saint who worshipped God in the form of Rādhā-Kṛṣṇa. |
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| (1836-1886 CE) A Bengali temple priest/saint who taught Advaita Vedānta and worshipped the goddess Kālī. |
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| A South Indian theistic sect of worshippers of Viṣṇu and the goddess Śrī or Lakṣmī. |
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| Texts that were considered to be divinely perceived or revealed to the ṛṣis. |
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| The central vital energy pathway (nāḍī ) of the subtle body. |
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| (1896-1977 CE) A Vaiṣṇava renouncer; founder of ISKCON (The International Society for Kṛṣṇa Consciousness). |
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| (1863-1902 CE) Disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and propagator of Vedānta worldwide. |
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| Dark; heavy; opaque; a fundamental quality of Nature (guṇa). |
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| Schema; method; also known as Āgama; ritual texts; unorthodox, esoteric Hindu beliefs and practices grounded in ritual practice. |
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| A purifying inner heat; identified with ascetic practice. |
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| 133. Theosophical-Society |
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The Theosophical Society was formed by Madame
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky and Colonel Henry Steele Olcott in 1875 in New York City, but shifted its headquarters to Adyar, on the outskirts of Chennai (Madras) in 1882. Madame Blavatsky was a Russian, whose religious influences were wide-ranging, including neo-Platonic thought, Tibetan Buddhism, and western occultism. Colonel Olcott, a retired soldier who fought in the Civil War, was the first European American to convert to Buddhism. After initial involvements with the spiritualist movement in the United States, Blavatsky and Olcott moved to India and took up the cause of promoting Eastern religious values with a passion. Olcott was highly influential in the Buddhist revival in Sri Lanka. Theosophy (Wisdom of God) holds as its motto, “There is no religion higher than truth” and culls its teachings from all religious traditions, stripped of what are discerned as their superstitious accretions. It therefore encourages the study of comparative
religion, philosophy, and science, without discrimination based on race, gender, caste, or creed, |
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| The Merchant class; one of the upper three classes of the varṇa system. |
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| The forest-dweller stage of life prescribed by orthodoxy. |
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Color; class; the four divisions of Hindu society.
Hindu class system, which confers a privileged status to the upper three classes of Priests (Brahmins, brāhmaṇa), Warriors (kṣatriya), and Merchants (vaiśya), over the lower Servant (śūdra) class. |
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| Often refers to the Upaniṣads and the interpretation of their teachings since they form the end or concluding sections (anta) of revealed Vedic literature. |
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| Vijaya means "victory," and is a word sometimes used to signify the Goddess. It is a feminine noun, and may refer to a cannabis-drink sometimes used by Left-hand Tantrics before they engage in the 5 M ritual. |
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| The theistic philosophy of qualified non-dualism. |
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| Vowed ascetic observances. |
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| Hindu religio-philosophical system, whose name means "union," and which entails psycho-physical practices that can lead to liberation |
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| This term means "to wander," and refers to the repeated cycles of rebirths in various worlds that beings must go through until they achieve moksa |
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| Goddess and wife of Siva who perished in the context of her father's sacrificial celebration |
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| The linga is the most common temple image (murti) of this deity |
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| This particular name for the Mahadevi means "She who is Formidable" |
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| Unlike puja, this form of ritual worship, with offerings into a fire, works on a contractual relationship with deities, rather than a devotional one |
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| Four-headed Puranic deity, often identified with the Vedic Prajapati, and with the principle of creation: |
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| Hindu political activist whose non-violent approach to conflict resolution was influenced by his interpretation of karma yoga |
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| Author of the oldest extant treatise on Yoga |
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| Term in Sankhya philosophy, which translates as "heart-mind" and which includes the inner sense organ |
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| "Pure consciousness" or the "true self" in Sankhya philosophy |
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| Hindu philosophical school that is categorized as a proto-science and which deals with rudimentary theorizing on the nature of particles such as atoms (anu |
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| Hindus use this term to refer to the "standard ritual procedures of devotional worship" in both home shrines and at temple |
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Vedanta Sutras (which incidentally is just another name for the Brahma Sutras).
They were composed by Badarayana, present the essential teachings of the Upanisads, and are one of the three sets of texts that are interpreted by Vedanta philosophers. The other two are the Upanisads (in general), and the Bhagavad Gita |
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