Term
|
Definition
| Rock that forms at or near the surface of the Earth by the cementing together of loose grains that had been produced by physical or chemical weathering of preexisting rock, by the precipitation of minerals from water solutions, by the cementing together of shells and shell fragments, or by the growth of masses of shell-producing organisms. |
|
|
Term
| Classes of sedimentary rocks |
|
Definition
1. Clastic
2. Biochemical
3. Organic
4. Chemical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coarse-grained sedimentary rock consisting almost entirely of quartz. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The combination of processes that separate rock or regolith from its substrate and carry it away. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which sediment settles out of the transporting material. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transformation of loose sediment to solid rock. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when minerals that precipitate from groundwater partially or completely fill the spaces between clasts and attaches each grain to its neighbor. |
|
|
Term
| Classifying clastic sedimentary rocks |
|
Definition
1. Clast size
2. Clast composition
3. Angularity and sphericity
4. Sorting
5. Character of cement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The diameter of the clasts making up the rock. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Degree to which the clasts in a rock are all the same size or include a variety of sizes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some cement consists predominantly of quartz; some consists of predominantly of calcite. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Course sedimentary rock consisting of angular fragments; or rock broken into angular fragments by faulting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very coarse-grained sedimentary rock consisting of rounded clasts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very fine-grained sedimentary rock that will not easily split into sheets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fine-grained sedimentary rock generally composed of very small quartz grains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a clastic sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains that include quarts and feldspar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| biochemical rock composed of cryptocrystalline quartz. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Black, combustible rock consisting of over 50% carbon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elements or compounds that evaporate easily and can exist in gaseous forms at the Earth's surface Ex: hydrogen, water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia |
|
|
Term
| Chemical sedimentary rocks |
|
Definition
| Rocks formed primarily by the precipitation of minerals out of water solutions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rock composed of crystalline calcium carbonate formed by chemical precipitation from groundwater that has seeped out at the ground surface either in hot- or cold-water springs, or on the walls of caves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Travertine built up in cave settings in beautiful and complex growth forms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. layering of sedimentary rocks
2. surface features on layers formed during deposition
3. arrangement of grains within layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-layering of sedimentary rocks
-surface features on layers formed during deposition
-the arrangement of grains within layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single layer of sediment or sedimentary rock with a recognizable top and bottom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the boundary between two beds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| overall arrangement of sediment into a sequence of beds (aka-bedding) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sequence of strata that is distinctive enough to be traced across a fairly large region |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A map that portrays the distribution of stratigraphic formations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sedimentary structures that develop at the interface between the sediment and the fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a submarine avalanche of sediment and water that speeds down a submarine slope and creates a turbidite |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a layer of sediment in which grain size varies from coarse at the bottom to fine at the top. |
|
|
