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| institution that has authority & power to control, direct, & rule in actions & affairs of others |
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death penalty
1st foundational civil ordinance |
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| site where postdiluvian population tried to build world empire in rebellion against God |
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| large group of people who think of themselves as 1 and act in history as a single entity |
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| 2100- founded Golden Age (3rd Dynasty) of Ur |
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Sumerian's greatest contribution to civilization
invention that began proper Sumerian history |
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| site of 1st postdiluvian civilization |
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| way of life of a group of people |
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world's oldest work of literature outside the Bible
written in 2000 BC |
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| Hanging gardens of Babylon |
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one of the 7 wonders
supposedly built by Nebuchadnezzar |
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threatened Byzantium
invented by Mohammed |
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1st king of Babylon
codified existing laws for his empire |
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Old Babylonian
Hittite
Assyrian
New Babylonian
Persian |
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| order of Middle Eastern empires |
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| rise of Huang He civilization |
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| indigenous people of India who were driven out by Aryans |
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longest-ruling dynasty
known for prevalent philosophies of Taoism & Confucianism |
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| known for Great Wall of China |
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dynasty that ruled at China's height of power
known for Great Silk Road |
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| dynasty in which Marco Polo visited China |
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| known for prevalent philosophy of Buddhism |
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| inaugurated India's Golden Age |
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| strict division of social classes |
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| an Egyptian artifact with a message in 3 different languages |
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Asiatic warriors
"Shepherd kings" |
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| Middle Kingdom's pharoah(s) |
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| Ahmose I, Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Ramses II |
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| Christian youth(s) from Rome who preached in Ethiopia |
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| church father(s) from Carthage who got martyred |
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| theologian from Alexandria who wrote "Shepherd of Tender Youth" |
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| dominated (trade across) the Sahara (from 300-1200 AD) |
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| ruled parts of Western Africa from 1200-1500 AD |
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| dominated Western Africa from 1400s-1500s |
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| largest Central African kingdom from 1400s-1700s |
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| belief that natural objects & forces are inhabited by spirits |
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| greatest ancient civilization in Africa's interior |
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| important trading center in the Mali Empire that also became famous center for learning and culture |
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| 1st African on record to become a Christian |
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Classical Age of Greece
700s-338 BC |
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| attempted to conquer the then-known world under the Grecian Empire |
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| 1st important European civilization after the Flood |
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| influential Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey |
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| brought Athenian democracy to its fullest measure |
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| claimed that "Man is the measure of all things" |
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| representative form of civil government in which political power is vested in the electorate and in which more than 1 man rules |
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| last ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty |
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| the 2 (main) leaders in Rome's 1st Civil War |
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| the 2 (main) leaders in Rome's 2nd Civil War |
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| the 2 (main) leaders in Rome's 3rd Civil War |
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| Pompey, Caesar, & Crassus |
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| Mark Antony, Octavian, & Lepidus |
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| ruled during Christ's earthly ministry |
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| brought 1st great Christian persecution |
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| emperor who captured & destroyed Jerusalem |
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| emperor who wrote Meditations |
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purposefully split the enpire to hold it together for anothet 200 years
ruled Eastern half |
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supposedly converted to Christianity
issued Edict of Milan |
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| pietas, gravitas, dignitas |
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30 BC-AD 180
under Caesar Augustus, years of peace & prosperity of Rome |
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| date of the completion of the New Testament |
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| began Carolingian line of kings |
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| split Carolingian empire into modern countries of Germany and France |
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| early monks who lived in the wilderness and tortured themselves |
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| only disciple to not be martyred |
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| monk who did missionary work |
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800 AD
crowned as Enperor of the Romans by the pope |
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962 AD
crowned as 1st Holy Roman Emperor |
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| brought German monarchy to peak of power |
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conflicted with King John of England
placed John's realm under an interdict
convened 4th Lateran Council |
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| Babylonian captivity of the papacy |
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Definition
1305-1378
when Philip IV moved the papal court to Avingnon, France |
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| when rival popes & cardinals fought for power |
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| way of life based on the ownership of land |
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1096-1099
only truly successful crusade |
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called "lion-hearted"
led 3rd crusade |
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French king who helped in the 3rd crusade
left after securing minor victory at Acre |
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| renowned Sultan of Egypt who made an agreement with Richard I |
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| plundered & sacked Constantinople |
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stood up for the Bible's authority
burned at the stake |
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| grammar, rhetoric, & logic |
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| geometry, arithmetic, music, & astronomy |
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| style of architecture that replaced Gothic style |
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| invented printing press in 1440 |
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| date of the completion of the New Testament |
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| began Merovingian line of kings |
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| began Carolingian line of kings |
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| split Carolingian empire into modern countries of Germany and France |
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| one who lives in seclusion from society |
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| only disciple to not be martyred |
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| monk who did missionary work |
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800 AD
crowned as Enperor of the Romans by the pope |
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962 AD
crowned as 1st Holy Roman Emperor |
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Definition
| brought German monarchy to peak of power |
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Definition
conflicted with King John of England
placed John's realm under an interdict
convened 4th Lateran Council |
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| Babylonian captivity of the papacy |
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Definition
1305-1378
when Philip IV moved the papal court to Avingnon, France |
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Definition
| when rival popes & cardinals fought for power |
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| way of life based on the ownership of land |
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1096-1099
only truly successful crusade |
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Definition
French king who helped in the 3rd crusade
left after securing minor victory at Acre |
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Definition
| renowned Sultan of Egypt who made an agreement with Richard I |
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Definition
| plundered & sacked Constantinople |
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established in 1060
1st medieval university |
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stood up for the Bible's authority
burned at the stake |
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Definition
| grammar, rhetoric, & logic |
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Definition
| geometry, arithmetic, music, & astronomy |
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| style of architecture that replaced Gothic style |
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| invented printing press in 1440 |
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| founded by Greek colonists |
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AD 395
built by Constantine and called "New Rome" |
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1st great leader of the Byzantine Empire
combined Roman law and Biblical principles into a Code that bears his name |
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| started iconoclastic controversy |
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| shunned the worship/possession of icons ("Biblical" images) |
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| foundation for Russian and Slavic alphabets |
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| basis of Erasmus's Greek New Testament |
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| false idea that power from Christ was given to His apostles, then to bishops down through history |
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| false idea that Peter was appointed as the 1st pope and that he appointed a bishop to receive that power after him |
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1066
Harold Godwin vs. William the Conqueror |
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| laws common to all Englishmen |
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| created "Model Parliament" in 1295 |
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| began Capetoan line of kings |
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1302
French version of Model Parliament |
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| Muslims who invaded Spain in 711 |
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| "crusade" to take back Spain from the Moors |
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1200s-1368
traveled to the Orient |
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| sailed to Cape of Good Hope (tip of Africa) |
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| 1st European to reach Far East by sea |
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discovered Florida
made 1st Spanish landing in New World |
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| credited with sailing around the world |
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| discovered Mississippi River |
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| explored eastern coast of North America |
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| discovered St. Lawrence River |
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| 1st modern explorer to reach North American mainland |
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| most powerful Native American empire at the beginning of Age of Exploration |
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| most important Indian civilization in South America |
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| 1st great civilization in Western Hemisphere |
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| tribes that Columbus encountered |
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revival of learning in Northwestern Europe
centered attention on the Bible |
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| wrote On the Fundamentals of Hebrew |
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| wrote Augsburg Confession |
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| produced 1st printed English New Testament |
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attacked Tetzel and his sales of indulgences
debated Johann Eck at Leipzig
wrote several tracts and the German Bible
1517: nailed 95 theses to Wittenberg's church door |
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preached in Zurich
appointed as "people's priest" |
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French Protestant who fled to Basel
wrote Institutions of the Christian Religion |
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led by C. Grebel
means "rebaptizer" |
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1524-1525
when common people rampaged against nobility |
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| gave approval to state-established church principle in Germany |
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| attempted to produce certain limited changes in Roman church |
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| used torture to obtain confessions of heresy |
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led by I. Loyola
carried out the Counter-Reformation
dedicated to the pope & his church |
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| reaffirmed Catholic doctrines & denied the gospel |
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| Index of Prohibited Books |
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| list of books forbidden to Catholics |
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| broke away from the Catholic Church and created Church of England |
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Henry VIII's 1st wife
gave birth to Mary |
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Henry VIII's 2nd wife
gave birth to Elizabeth |
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Henry VIII's 3rd wife
gave birth to Edward VI |
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queen for 9 days to try to preserve Protestantism
beheaded for her faith |
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| brought an age (that bears her name) of glory and goodness to England |
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| another name for the Church of England |
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| wanted to fix the Anglican church |
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| wanted to break away from the Anglican church |
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| outstanding leader of the Scottish reformation |
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| 1st Englishman to circumnavigate the globe |
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| Philip II's naval fleet built to conquer England |
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| wrote Against All Heresies to refute Gnosticism |
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