Term
| What characteristics do most plants share? |
|
Definition
| most plants make their own food, have cuticle, have cells with cell walls, and reproduce using both spores and sex cells. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a waxy layer that coats most of the surfaces of plants to keep the plant from drying out |
|
|
Term
| What are the two stages in the life cycle of a plant? |
|
Definition
| 1-sporophyte-when the plant produces spores 2-gametophyte-when the plant produces sex cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| small reproductive cells protected by a thick cell wall |
|
|
Term
| What are the two main groups of plants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are NONVASCULAR PLANTS? |
|
Definition
| plants that DO NOT HAVE specialized tissues to move water and nutrients through a plant |
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|
Term
| How do materials move in nonvascular plants? |
|
Definition
| nonvascular plants rely on diffusion to move materials |
|
|
Term
| What are VASCULAR PLANTS? |
|
Definition
| plants that HAVE tissues that move water and nutrients to different parts of the plant |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 groups of vascular plants? |
|
Definition
| 1-seedless 2-gymnosperms 3-angiosperm |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seed plants that have flowers |
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|
Term
| What are some examples of nonvascular plants? |
|
Definition
| mosses, liverworts, hornworts |
|
|
Term
| Where do most nonvascular plants live? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rootlike structure that holds nonvascular plants in place, that also help nonvascular plants get water and nutrients |
|
|
Term
| Why are nonvascular plants important? |
|
Definition
| they form a thin layer of soil for new plants to grow, they prevent soil erosion, they can be used for food for some organisms, and they can be used for nesting material |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of seedless vascular plants? |
|
Definition
| ferns, club mosses, and horsetails |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an underground stem from which new leaves and roots grow |
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|
Term
| How are seedless vascular plants important? |
|
Definition
| help from soil, prevent soil erosion, houseplants, food, shampoo, skin-care products, and fuel |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| tiny structures of the plant in which sperm are formed |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common plants on earth today? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three parts of a seed? |
|
Definition
| 1-sporophyte-the young plant 2-stored food 3-seed coat |
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|
Term
| What are two advantages seed plants have over seedless plants? |
|
Definition
| 1-seeds have stored food to help the new plant grow 2-seeds can be spread by animals which is more efficient than the wind |
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|
Term
| Where are gymnospern seeds usually found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four groups of the gymnosperms? |
|
Definition
| conifers, cycads, gnetophytes, ginkgoes |
|
|
Term
| What are gymnosperms used for? |
|
Definition
| building material, paper products, soap, turpentine, paint, ink, drugs, and landscaping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sticky fluid produced by pine trees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to famale reproductive structures |
|
|
Term
| Why do angiosperms have flowers and fruits? |
|
Definition
| flowers help them reproduce and fruits surround and protect the seeds |
|
|
Term
| What are the two kinds of angiosperms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of monocots? |
|
Definition
| leaves have parallel veins, flower parts in 3's, one cotyledon (seed leaf), scattered bundles of vascular tissue |
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|
Term
| What are some examples of monocots? |
|
Definition
| grasses, orchids, onions, lilies, palms, corn |
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|
Term
| What are the characteristics of dicots? |
|
Definition
| leaves have branchingveins, flower parets in 4's or 5's, two cotyledons (seed leaves), bundles of vascular tissue are in rings |
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|
Term
| What are some uses of angiosperms? |
|
Definition
| food, building materials, clothing, rope, medicines, perfunes, and rubber |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of vascular tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vascular tissue that transports water and minerals from the roots tothe stem and leaves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vascular tissue that transports food from the leaves to all parts of the plant |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 functions of roots? |
|
Definition
| 1-supply plants with water and minerals 2-hold plants in soil 3-store surplus food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a layer of cells that cover the surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of cells that protects the tip of the root |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of root systems? |
|
Definition
| 1-taproot - when there is one main large root 2-fibrous - when there are several big roots spread out from the stem |
|
|
Term
| What are the four fuctions of stems? |
|
Definition
| 1-connect roots to leaves and flowers 2-support plant body 3-some store materials 4-transport materials between roots and stems and leaves |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of stems? |
|
Definition
| 1-herbaceous - soft, thin flexible stems 2-woody - hard, rigid stems |
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|
Term
| What is the main fuction of the leaves? |
|
Definition
| to make food for the plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tiny openings in the epidermis that allow carbon dioxide to enter a leaf |
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|
Term
| How does a flower influence pollination? |
|
Definition
| bright colors, fragrance and nectar attract animals to pollinate flowers; flowers that lack those rely on the wind for pollination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| modified leaves that make up the outermost ring of flower parts and protect the flower as a bud |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| broad, flat, thin, leaf like parts of a flower |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the male reproductive structure of flowers |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| thethin stalk-like part of the stamen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the saclike structure on the stamen that produces pollen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the female reproductive structure of a flower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the top sticky part of a pistil that traps pollen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the long slender part of the pistil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the rounded base of the pistil that contains one or more ovules (eggs) |
|
|
Term
| What flower part forms a fruit? |
|
Definition
| the ovary forms a fruit once the egg is fertilized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do humans use flowers for? |
|
Definition
| floral arrangements, food, tea, spices, perfumes, lotions, and shampoos |
|
|
Term
| How are gymnosperms and angiosperms different? |
|
Definition
| gymnosperms do NOT have flowers or fruit. Angiosperms HAVE flowers or fruit that protect the seed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seed leaves of a young plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structure that surrounds and protects the young plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the young plant within a seed |
|
|
Term
| Often the purpose of the cotyledon is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seed plants that so not have flowers or fruit are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gymnosperm seeds are usually protecte by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most economically important gymnosperms are the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three things that conifers are used for are |
|
Definition
| building materials, cancer drugs, and gardens and parks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Group of gymnosperms that are shrubs that grow in dry areas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Group of gymnosperms with only one living species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gynmosperms that grow in the Tropics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the pine life cycle, sex cells are produced in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The male _________ of gymnosperms are found in pollen. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pollen is carried from the male cone to the female cone by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some pine cones release seeds only during |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The transfer of pollen from the male reproductive structures to the female reproductive structures of seed plants is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| About how many species of angiosperms can be found today? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Monocot or Dicot
plant that has one cotyledon (seed leaf) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Monocot or Dicot
vascular tissue in bundles that are scattered |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Monocot or Dicot
plant that has leaves with branching veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Monocot or Dicot
flower parts in threes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Monocot or Dicot
vascular tissue in a ring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Monocot or Dicot
flower parts in fours or fives |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the green pigment that captures energy from the sun? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants use energy from sunlight to make food from carbon dioxide and water in a process called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the cuticle do? |
|
Definition
| it keeps plants from drying out |
|
|
Term
| rigid structure that surrounds a plant cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structure that contains chlorophyll |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structure that stores water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a substance that forms a hard material in cell walls |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structure that lies beneath the cell wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plants make spores in the ______ stage. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the spores of some plants grow, the new plants are called ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fertilized egg of a gametophyte grows into a(n) ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an example of a nonvascular plant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plants without specialized conduction tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an example of a seedless vascular plant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plants that have tissues to deliver water and nutrients from one part of the plant to another |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vascular seed plant that does not flower |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| flowering plant with seeds inside a fruit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two groups of seedless plants |
|
Definition
| nonvascular plants and seedless vascular plants |
|
|
Term
| Nonvascular plants get the water they need |
|
Definition
| from the environment or nearby cells |
|
|
Term
| Rhizoids are like roots because |
|
Definition
| they help hold the plant in place. |
|
|
Term
| Rhizoids help nonvascular plants |
|
Definition
| obtain water and nutrients |
|
|
Term
| Is the following, true of liverworts; their gametophytes can be mosslike and leafy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ancient ____________ grew to 40m but are smaller today. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An underground stem from which new leaves and roots grow is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the ferm gametophyte |
|
Definition
| a tiny plant about 1/2 the size of a fingernail, is green and flat, usually shaped like a tiny heart |
|
|
Term
| Young fronds are called _________ because of how they are coiled. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structure where silica is found in horsetails |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| substance that has a gritty texture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plants that have life cycles similar to horsetails |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| used by pioneers to scrub pans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| height of some modern horsetails |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| height of some modern club mosses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plants that grow in woodlands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tissue found in club mosses but not in mosses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two kinds of seedless vascular plants that are popular houseplants |
|
Definition
| ferns and some club mosses |
|
|
Term
| Name two kinds of seedless vascular plants that can be eaten by humans. |
|
Definition
| young ferns and horsetail |
|
|
Term
| In what way are fossilized seedless vascular plants that died 3 million years ago important to humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have rhizoids; mosses and liverworts; usually the first plants to live in a new environment; must obtain water from the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provide many land animals with the food they need to survive; formed coal; ferns, horsetails and club mosses;contain xylem and phloem to transport water and food |
|
|
Term
| Vascular seed plants without flowers |
|
Definition
| ancestors grew very tall; conifers are an example; are the most abundant group of plants today; gymnosperms; contain xylem and phloem to transport water and food; seeds develop in a cone or in fleshy structures attached to branches |
|
|
Term
| vascular seed plants with flowers |
|
Definition
| angiosperms; seeds are surrounded by a fruit; are the most abundant group of plants today; contain xylem and phloem to transport water and food |
|
|
Term
| Vascular tissue that transports water and minerals through aplant is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vascular tisssue that transports food molecules to all parts of a plant is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most root systems are located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three main functions of roots? |
|
Definition
| Roots supply water and dissolve minerals; hold plants securely in the soil; store food made during photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
| Cells of the epidermis that extend from the root |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| group of cells that produces a slimy substance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| root system with one main root |
|
Definition
| taproot - dicot and gymnosperms |
|
|
Term
| layer of cells that covers root surfaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plants that usually have fibrous roots |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structure protected by the root cap |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| root system in which roots are usually the same size |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries water and mineral from the roots to the leaves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries food to plant parts |
|
|
Term
| Stems that are soft, thin, and flexible are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two examples of plants with herbaceous stems. |
|
Definition
| wild flowers such as clover and poppies Crops, like beans, corn and tomatoes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a ring of dark cells (fall) surrounding a ging of light cells (spring) |
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of leaves? |
|
Definition
| they make food for the plant |
|
|
Term
| From top to bottom, list the four layers in a leaf. |
|
Definition
| Upper epidermis, Palisade layer, Spongy layer, Lower epidermis |
|
|
Term
| cells that open and close the stomata |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| layer of cells that contains many chloroplasts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a single layer of cells beneath the cuticle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a tiny opening that allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaf |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| layer where carbon dioxide moves freely and xylem and phloem are found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structure that prevents water loss from the leaf |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cactus spines are _________ that protect cactuses from animals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The leaves of the sundew plant catch ________, which are digested to provide nitrogen to the plant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do some plants have flowers? |
|
Definition
| adaptation for sexual reproduction, rely on aminals for pollination |
|
|
Term
| In a flower, modified leaves called _____ protect the bud. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The broad, flat, thin leaflike parts of a flower, called ____, attract insects and other animals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The male reproductive structure of flowers is a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In flowers, an(n) ___________ is the female reproductive structure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the egg is fertillized, the ____ develops into a fruit and the __________ develops into a seed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plants that have tissues to move water and nutrients to different parts of the plant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plants that DO NOT have specialized tissues to move water and nutrients through the plant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| seed plants that have flowers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tiny structures of the plant in which sperm are formed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a waxy layer that coats most of the surfaces of a plant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a sticky fluid fromed by pine trees |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small reproductive cells proteced by a thick cell wall |
|
Definition
|
|
