Term
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Definition
| the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
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Term
| Who discovered the principles of heredity? |
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Definition
| Gregor Mendel discovered the principles of heredity while working with pea plants |
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Term
| What is a SELF-POLLINATIING PLANT |
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Definition
| a plant that has both male and female reproductive structures |
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Term
| What is a TRUE-BREEDING PLANT? |
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Definition
| a plant whose offspring will have all of the same traits as the parent |
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Term
| What is CROSS-POLLINATION? |
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Definition
| when pollen from one plant fertilizes the ovules of a flower on a different plant |
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Term
| What is a CHARACTERISTIC? |
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Definition
| a feature that has different forms in a population, like hair and eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| the different forms available for a certain characteristic, like brown, blue, green and hazel for eyes |
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Term
| What are FIRST-GENERATION PLANTS? |
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Definition
| the offspring from crossing two original plants |
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Term
| What is a DOMINANT TRAIT? |
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Definition
| the train that remains in a first-generation plant of parents with different traits |
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Term
| What is a RECESSIVE TRAIT? |
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Definition
| the trait that seems to disappear in a first-generation plant of parents with different traits |
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Term
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Definition
| a relationship between two different numbers that is often expressed as a fraction |
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Term
| What ratio did Mendel notice in his second-genereation plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Mendel explain his results? |
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Definition
| He realized that this would only work if each plant had two sets of instructions for each characteristic but donated only one set to each offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of instructions for an inherited trait |
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Term
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Definition
| the different forms that are available for a gene, usually one is dominant and one is recessive (Rr) or (Bb) |
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Term
| How do you show a DOMINANT ALLELE? |
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Definition
| dominant alleles are shown with a capital letter |
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Term
| How do you show a RECESSIVE ALLELE? |
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Definition
| recessive alleles are shown with a lowercase letter |
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Term
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Definition
| the appearance of an organism, physical appearance, how you see them |
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Term
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Definition
| the entire gentic makeup of an organism; the combination of alleles for a specific trait |
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Term
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Definition
| when both alleles are the same (RR or rr) |
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Term
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Definition
| when an organism has one of each allele (Rr) |
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Term
| What is a PUNNETT SQUARE? |
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Definition
| a tool tht is used to organize all of the possible combinatios of offspring for a particular set of parents |
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Term
| What is INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE? |
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Definition
| when one trait is not completely dominant over another (R1, R2) |
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Term
| Why are so many shades of eye color possible? |
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Definition
| at least two different genes affect eye color so many shades of a single color are possible |
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Term
| What are the two types of reproduction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is SEXUAL REPRODUCTION? |
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Definition
| when an offspring has two parents and its genotype is not identical to its parent's genotype |
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Term
| What is ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION? |
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Definition
| when an offspring has one parent and its genotype is identical to its parent's genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| the mathematical chance that something will happen |
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Term
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Definition
| the parent cells needed for sexual reproduction, they have only one chromosome from each pair of homlogous chromosomes |
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Term
| What are HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES? |
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Definition
| chromosomes that carry the same sets of genes |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of cell division that produces sex cells |
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Term
| How is meiosis different from mitosis? |
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Definition
| in mitosis, chromosomes are copied once and the nucleus divides once; in meiosis, chromosomes are copied only once but the nucleus divides twice |
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Term
| What are the results of meiosis? |
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Definition
| one cell produces four new cells and each new cell has only half of the chromosomes of the original cell |
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Term
| What are SEX CHROMOSOMES? |
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Definition
| the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism |
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Term
| How is the sex of a person determined? |
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Definition
| all egg cells have an X sex chromosome, some sperm cells have a Y sex chromosome and some have an X chromosome; after one egg cell is fertilization by one sperm cell either a X or Y sex chromosome, an XX combination(female) or an XY combination (male) in formed |
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Term
| What is a SEX-LINKED DISORDER? |
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Definition
| when the gene for a disease or disorder is located on the X chromosome |
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Term
| What are some examples of sex-linked disorders? |
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Definition
1) color-blindness - when you have trouble distinguishing between different colors
2)hemophilia - where a person's blood does not clot correctly |
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Term
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Definition
| a tool that traces a trait through several generations of a family |
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Term
| What is SELECTIVE BREEDING? |
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Definition
| when organisms with desirable characteristics are mated to produce offspring with the wanted traits |
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Term
| Gregor Mendel was born in |
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Definition
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Term
| Gregor Mendel did his research |
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Definition
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Term
| Both male and female reproductive structures are found in what kind of plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Mendel's work, first and second generation mean |
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Definition
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Term
| The offspring of what kind of plants all have the same traits as the parent? |
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Definition
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Term
| One pea plant is able to fertilize another because pea plants can |
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Definition
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Term
| List two ways that a plant can cross-pollinate. |
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Definition
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Term
| Peas can both cross-pollinate and self-pollinate. Why was this a key factor in Mendel's work? |
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Definition
| so he could control what characteristics (traits) the pea plant recieved |
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Term
| In a population, a(n) what is a feature that has different forms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Different forms of characteristics are called |
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Definition
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Term
| Different forms of characteristics are called |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was it important to Mendel's work that peas were true breeding? |
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Definition
| when true-breeding plants self-pollinate all of its offspring will have the exact same traits as the parent |
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Term
| How did Mendel make sure that some plants cross-pollinated? |
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Definition
| He removed the arthens of one plant so that the plant could not self-pollinate. |
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Term
| What kind of trait can be seen in the second generation that is not seen in the first? |
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Definition
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Term
| Offspring from the first cross of plants is called the |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of trait can be seen in the first generation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What results did Mendel get when he allowed the first-generation plants to self-pollinate? |
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Definition
| every fourth plant had white flowers |
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Term
| When a relationship between two different things is shown as fraction, it is |
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Definition
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Term
| Gregor Mendel realized the only explanation for his results was that |
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Definition
| each trait had two sets of instructions, one from each parent |
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Term
| Mendel was recognized for his discovery |
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Definition
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