Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is lef tint eh lung and has to be pushed out |
|
|
Term
| funcitonal residual volume |
|
Definition
| what is left after a normal breath |
|
|
Term
| what is measured by a spriometer |
|
Definition
tidal volume
vital capacity |
|
|
Term
| helium diluation is used to find |
|
Definition
| functional residual capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a closed box. the patient inspires and takes volume from the box increasing pressire in teh box |
|
|
Term
| tidal volume and vital capacity can be mesured using |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| total lung capacity residual volume and functional residual volune need to be measured |
|
Definition
| using a plethysmograph or helium dilution |
|
|
Term
| why is helium dilution use helium? |
|
Definition
| becaue it is very low solubility |
|
|
Term
| use of the plethysmograph depends on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventuilation by breath times numebr of breaths |
|
|
Term
| of each 500 ml breath how much reaches alveolar |
|
Definition
| 150 ml does not reach alveolar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of fresh inspired air available for gas exchange |
|
|
Term
| tidal volume is a mixture of |
|
Definition
| volume from the dead space and alveolar volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| we can measure alveolar volume by measuring |
|
Definition
| volume of co2=alveolar volume times percentage of co2 |
|
|
Term
| anatomic dead space ______ with large breaths |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| way of measuring anatmoic dead space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area of conducting poriton fo the respiratory system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area that doesn't do co2 elimination |
|
|
Term
| two dead spaces are almost |
|
Definition
| identical, but phsyiological dead space is increased ind isease states |
|
|
Term
| lower regions of the lung ventilate____ than upper |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do we determine which portions ventilate better? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anatomic dead space can be measured |
|
Definition
| fromt he nitrogen concentraion following a single inspiration of oxygen |
|
|
Term
| phgysiological dead space measured using |
|
Definition
| bohr method and the expried co2 |
|
|
Term
| 02 is carried in the blood in two forms |
|
Definition
| dissolved and attached to hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Henry's law, that is the amount dissovled is proportional to the partial pressure |
|
|
Term
| .003 percent by volume 02 in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| iron prporphyrin compound, this is jointed to the protein globin which consistes of 4 polypeptides |
|
|
Term
| types of chains in globin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adult hemoglobin is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| has valine instead of glutamic acid in the beta chains |
|
|
Term
| hemoglobin can have the ferrous_____ |
|
Definition
| oxidized to the ferric fform by nitrites, sulfonamides and acetanilid |
|
|
Term
| the ferric form of hemoglobin is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the meaximum amount of O2 that can be comined with Hb is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 90 percent of arterial co2 is in the form of |
|
Definition
bicarbonate
5 percent as carbamine
5 percent dissovled |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
60 percent bicarbonate
30 percent carbamino
10 percent dissolved |
|
|
Term
| like o2, co2 obeys henry's law |
|
Definition
| but co2 is much more soluable than 02 dissolved co2 is a significant poriton fo the the co2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzyme located in red blood cells converting carbon dioxide and wter into h2 co3 |
|
|
Term
| CO2 curve is _____ to the o2 curve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acidemia and alkalemia can or cannot coexist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| acidosis and alkalosis can or cannot coexist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreases myocardial contactility, arterial tone, pulmonary cascular resistance
predispose to arrythmias
right shift oxygen binding curve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
predisposes to arrythmias, shifts ohgb curve to the left
causes cerebrocvascular constriction and reduced cerebral blood flow |
|
|
Term
| acid base disturbances can be ____ or _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With ____ disporders, the pH is isially brought to near normal compensatory mechansism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| examples of simple disorders include |
|
Definition
metabolic acidossi, pH and HCO3 low
metabolic alkalosis ph high and hco3 high
respiratory acidosis ph is low and paco2 is high
respiratory alkalossi ph is high and paco2 high |
|
|
Term
| mixed disorders can include combinations of metabolic disorders or _____- |
|
Definition
| combination of metabolic and respiraotry diseases. |
|
|
Term
| metabolic acidosis can be associated with ___ or _____ ion gap |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
difference between na- (cl +hco3)
normal is 10-14 |
|
|
Term
| metabolic acidosis associated with elevated anon gap can be caused by a vareity disorders |
|
Definition
Salicylate
Lactic acidosis
Uremia
Methanol ingestion
Paraldehyde ingestion
Ethylene glycol ingestions
Diabetic ketoacidsos |
|
|
Term
| metabolic acidosis associated iwth a normal anion gap |
|
Definition
loss of HCO3
gi proximal colostomy
kidneys proximal renal tubular acidosis
renal tubular disease |
|
|
