Term
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Definition
| monomer- can link only 2 antigens s cant agglutinate rbcs, although can destroy transfused Ag opsitive rbcs (usually the minor antigens, not the ABO antigens). Less severe than igM event. Are only deleveoped after antigenic exposure (either transfusion or pregnancy)- initially delayed reaction when occuring for first time. |
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Term
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Definition
| pentamers so can bridge across gap and agglutinate. Natrually occuring antibodies (we are born with these antibodies against the other blood groups). Immediate transfuusion reactions. |
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Term
| Extravascular hemolysis blodo icnompatibility |
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Definition
| done by IgG, complement system does not go to completion. Reacts at body temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| done by IgM- reactsand cold temperature- compelment cascade goesall the way to completion. IgM reaction may mask IgG incompatiblity. |
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Term
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Definition
| check rbcs for certain antigens. |
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Term
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Definition
| check plasma for antibodies. |
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Term
| clnically significant blodo grup systems |
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Definition
| ABO, Rh, Kell Duffy, Kidd can all cause hemolytic dissease of the new born (RH being the worst) and hemolytic transfusion reactions. |
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Term
| Indirect antiglobulin test (indirect coombs test) |
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Definition
| checking for the preseence of antibodies in aptients serum. Mix patients serum with known rbcs, antibodies attach to rbcs then, add antiglobulin, so that the rbcs agglutinate. |
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Term
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Definition
| to detect in vivo rbc coating of either antibody or complement, so antihuman reagant will work both against IgG and complement. |
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Term
| in emergency settings tranfusion protocol |
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Definition
| type o blood and AB plasma, ifchild bearign female alsogets o negative rbcs. |
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Term
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Definition
| review of past records, abo rh grouping of both recipieetn and donor, antibody screening of both recipietn an donor, and cross matcing. If no historical collection- need a sample drawn at a separate colelction. |
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Term
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Definition
| use abo compatible plasma,normosaline. Complte trnsfucation in FOUR hours. |
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Term
| additives and anticoagulants |
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Definition
| CPD- citrate phosphate (for anticoag,) and dextrose (for oxygenation). CPDA1 (all above plus adenine). Additives; adsol , nutricel stabalize cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| in rbcs: lactic acid up, acidity up, icnresed hemolysis and potassium .leakge, decreased 2,3 dpg , and atp. Plasma=decreased factor v and VIII. increased platelet activatin oadn release of granules. |
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Term
| clood component abo requirements |
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Definition
| whole blood: idnetical, RBC and grandulocytes- compatible with plasma, fFP- compatabivle with reciepents RBCs, Platelets- anything is fine ,cryopercipated AHF- anythign isfine. |
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Term
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Definition
| restore o2 carrying capacity and blood volume, actue blood loss or autologus use. |
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Term
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Definition
| reduce febrile reaction, alloimmunization and cmv transmission |
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Term
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Definition
| seronegative or luekoreduced: chemotherapy and severe neutropenia, allogeni c and autlolgous tem cells, organ transplant, pregnant women, premature infants , intrauterine transfusions . |
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Term
| irradiate blod componenets |
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Definition
| only red cells/platelets are irradiated= kills lymphocytes prevents GVHD. Is for immunocompromised BM transplant, solid tumors, hSC transplants, itnratuerine, premature, hla-matched blood relatives. |
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Term
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Definition
| premature neonates, for somebody with sickle cell disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| generally only with signs and symptoms of transfusion . If symptomatic then give one unit for 7-10, and more frquent dosing from 5-7 |
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Term
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Definition
| for severe neutropina/congenit neutrophil dysfunciton, msut be Abo compatible and cmv negative , also irradiated |
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Term
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Definition
| can be given as whole blood random donors, or single donor apheresis. Improves hemostasis for bleeidng due to thrombocytopenia. Generally acceptable all abo types , though compatibility is desirable, but forn eonates must be given. |
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Term
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Definition
| possible to o occur, due to anti platelet receptors /hla (class I mismatch). Need to give HLA matched or crossmatched platlets |
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Term
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Definition
| neesd to be ABO compatible- adverse reactiosn: allergic , circulatory (volume) overlad, TRALI- acute pulmonary edema , WbC antigens and cyotkines in donor unit. Infectious disease transmission). Uses: clotting factor replacement- warfarin reversal, liver disease, diulational coagulopathy, DIC, abnormal coag tests, plasma exchange. NOT INDICATED FOR: volume expansion, nutriotional proteind efieicny, abnormal coag test but no bleeding and no surgery, bleeding without coag, heparin induced bleeidng. |
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Term
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Definition
| contains: fibrinogen vwf, factor 13 . Uses: fribinogen deficiency, factor 13 deficieny. |
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Term
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Definition
| usually indicated for tissue damge complications and hypoperfusin due to trauma, bleeding diathesis, keep transfusing until contorlled. Complications: DIC- lots of rbcs, for sure some of them wouldh ave lysed, hypocalcemia (due to all the citrate), hyperkalemia hypothermia (blood was just in fridge), microaggregates in lungs (wbc aggregating) , disease transmission, immune suppresion. |
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Term
| directed blood transfusions |
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Definition
| collected from friends and family , not safer than regular pool , msut be irradiated if from blodo relatives or HLA compatible. |
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Term
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Definition
| avoid alloimmunization, transfusion transmitted disease, transfusion reactions, indicated for patients with extensive allo antibodies. However can stil lget bacetiral contamination, may be mislabeled, and is more expensive tha n alloeneic blood . Used for oeprations . |
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Term
| intraoperative colelction (cell saver) |
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Definition
| cannot be given to toehrs, must be filtered, , and transfused very soon after. and obvi positive ID. |
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Term
| noninefectious transfusion complications |
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Definition
| febrile due to white cell debris ,allergic, acute hemolytic transfusion reactions, delayd hemolytic transfusion reaction, TACO (transfusion associated ciruclatory overload), TRALI (transfusions related acute lung injury- cyotkines provoking white cell storm) . Grafts. Vs host disease. PTP (post transfusion purpura)- most people are positive for plA, but if you transfer PLA pos to platelets to PLA negative platelet patients, the antibodies are also reactive to donor platelets as wel las recipient plaelets., HDN, neonatal alloimune hrombocytopenia- pla positive mother stuff crossing to pla negative baby |
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Term
| common signs of transfusion |
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Definition
| fever (most common), chills, respiratory distress, hyper/hypotension, pain at infusion site, rash, jaundice hemoglobinuria, nausea, abnormal bleeding (DIC), oligouria/anuria |
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Term
| febrile reactions to transfusion |
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Definition
| most commonly rsult of recipient antibody to donor wbcs, can be ameliorated with luekodepletion or premedicaiton (antipryetics). |
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Term
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Definition
| antibodies agsint donors plasma proteins , use antihistamines. Anti- Iga foremd in Iga deficient recipient getting transfusion. |
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Term
| Acute hemolytic transfusion |
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Definition
| clerical error. From asyomptomatic ot catastrophic. Stypomps: fevers , chills hypotentions, DIC bleeding, warmth due to acute hemllysis ,backpain - renal injury, chest injury0tachycardia, hyperbilirubiniemia |
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Term
| suspected heomlytic tranfurion reaction test |
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Definition
| draw out blood let it lcot, examine serum- if red you’ve got hemolysis, in lab do direct coombs test. Other tsts : hemoglobin and haptoglobin down, ldh up , hemogloin in urine or plasma. |
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Term
| Transfusiosn asociaetd cirulatory overload |
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Definition
| common but prevnetable- hypertension and tachycardia. Transfusion rate excreting capacity of patient ot handle volume, just give less blood at a time! |
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Term
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Definition
| sypmtom: hypotension with fever. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema,etiology: antibodies against granulocytes hla class I or II antigens . Can be caused by any plasma containign blood componenet . |
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Term
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Definition
| symptoms: fever rash, pancytopenia and fatal, treatmetn: streoids. |
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Term
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Definition
| severe thrombocytopenia due to destruction ofrecipeients andtransfused paltelets. Antibodies agisnt pla1 antigen. Subisdes afte 2-3 weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
| fet=maternal hemmorhage exposes mom to baby's blood, she interpets it as foreign due to fathers antigens, and starts makign antibodies against them. This activated inflammatory process which ends up damaging endothelial cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| ABO HDN can occur during first preganncy, RH doesn’t, IgG antibody is forme din both, abo hdn wont cause anemia at birth (abo ag poorly devleoped) rh will, exchange transfusions and itnarauterine transfusiosn are used in for rh hdn but nto abo hdn |
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Term
| RH hdn cause and treatment and prevention |
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Definition
| caused y rh- mother respodning to rhpositive fetus, trat b rhiG that is anti D. treat just before delivery and just after.Screening: look for rh negative mother and find antibodies . |
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Term
| neoatal alloimunet hrombyctopenia: definition and treatment. |
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Definition
| pla- mothers ab cross to pla plositive and destroy babiesplatelets, also can be due to ITP , treatmetn: give ivig, also paltelt transfuse. |
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Term
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Definition
| lag time between viral exposure and appearance ofantibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria proliferatedurign storage, paltelets most vunlerable- septic shock with high mortality |
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Term
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Definition
| for putting nnew blodo cells ,paletelets, to deplete leukocytes during lekocytosis, plasma exchange,lipoprotein apheresis, photophoresis., to remove antibodies, platelet depletion . Advntages because liit donor pool (ca colelct a signiifcant amoutn form one d onor , useful for aolloimmuniation , |
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Term
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Definition
| cold antiviral and immune stimulant |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiovascular disease and cold |
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Term
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Definition
| physical and mental performance |
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Term
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Definition
| liver and gallblader disease |
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Term
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Definition
| dementia and cognitive imapiremnt |
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Term
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Definition
| hypertension,ischemic heart disease |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| TRABSFYSUIND ASOSCIATED DISEASE |
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Definition
| BACTERIAL , VIRAL ,PARASTIC- BABEISA MALARIA CHAGAS, cjd- MAD COWS |
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Term
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Definition
| platelet aphaeresis, luekopheresis, plasmapheresis, peripheral blood, HPC harvest: allogeneic and autogous. Granualcytopheresis (indicated for reersible neutropenia) |
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