Term
| 3 ways a platelet can be activated |
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Definition
| mechanical shearing forces, 5-HT, ADP |
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|
Term
| dense granules contain (2) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| alpha granules contain (1) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| PF3 is expressed on the __ leaflet upon platelet activation |
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Definition
|
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Term
| in veins, platelets bind ____ in the subendothelium |
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Definition
| platelet integrin receptor |
|
|
Term
| what stimulates expression of gpIIa/IIIb on platelets? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the prothrombinase complex? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what activates factor 10? |
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Definition
| factor 7a (extrinsic), factor 9a/cofactor 8a (intrinsic) |
|
|
Term
| what 2 events define tertiary hemostasis? |
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Definition
| 1) factor 13 crosslinks fibrin; 2) fibrinolysis begins |
|
|
Term
| what activates factor 12? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the factors (in order) of the intrinsic pathway? |
|
Definition
| HMWK and PK, 12, 11, 9, 10 |
|
|
Term
| what cells produce factor VIII? (2) |
|
Definition
| endothelial cells, platelets |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| endothelial cells, platelets |
|
|
Term
| which factors are acute phase reactants? |
|
Definition
| vWF, fibrinogen, factor VIII |
|
|
Term
| which factors are vitamin K-dependent? |
|
Definition
| 2, 7, 9, 10, protein C, protein S |
|
|
Term
| what cofactor is required for gamma-carboxylation of Glu? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which factor has the shortest half-life and what is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which factor has the longest half-life and what is the half life? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 main functions of plasmin? |
|
Definition
| 1) breaks fibrinogen into degradation products; 2) breaks fibrin into D-dimers |
|
|
Term
| gray platelet syndrome is a deficiency in ___ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| delta storage pool syndrome is a deficiency in ___ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how does renal failure contribute to thrombocytopenia? |
|
Definition
| release of NO --| platelet function |
|
|
Term
| how might the cardiopulmonary bypass machine cause thrombocytopenia? |
|
Definition
| causes degranulation of platelets; normal # of platelets |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factor 11 deficiency, factor levels do not correlate with bleeding; dx? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| where is vWF stored in subendothelium? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| DDAVP is treatment used for ___ |
|
Definition
| vWF deficiency type I; it causes degranulation |
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|
Term
| pt presents with deficiency in extrinsic pathway factor, no excessive bleeding, and slight increase in thrombotic events; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which vWF deficiency type mimics hemophilia A? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt presents with anti-factor 8 IgG; what 2 groups of people most commonly present with this acquired autoimmunity? |
|
Definition
| multiply transfused and multiply pregnant |
|
|
Term
| what 5 factors increase the risk of a DIC event? |
|
Definition
| MOIST = malignancy, obstetrics, infection, snake, trauma |
|
|
Term
| how do PT, aPTT, D-dimer, platelet, and fibrinogen labs look in DIC? |
|
Definition
| elevated PT, aPTT, D-dimer; low platelet and fibrinogen |
|
|
Term
| pt presents with PT=15sec and aPTT=40sec; is transfusion indicated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt presents with PT=20sec and aPTT=60sec; is transfusion indicated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are normal fibrinogen levels? |
|
Definition
| just kidding. we don't need to know this. |
|
|
Term
| what are normal D-dimer levels? |
|
Definition
| please refer to the reference sheet that will be given to us on test day. now go memorize something more important. |
|
|
Term
| pt presents with PT=16sec; which pathway is defective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt presents with PT=14sec and aPTT=39sec; what is the most likely cause of these abnormal results? |
|
Definition
| drugs: heparin or warfarin |
|
|
Term
| pt presents with elevated PT and aPTT; mixing study comes back negative (uncorrected); is the clotting abnormality due to a deficiency or an inhibitor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factor workup comes back with reduced factor V, VII, VIII, and X; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factor workup comes back with reduced factor VII and X, normal V and VII; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| factor workup comes back with reduced factor V, VII, and X; normal VIII; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what activates protein C? |
|
Definition
| thrombin/thrombomodulin complex on endothelial cells |
|
|
Term
| what inhibits factors 5a and 8a? |
|
Definition
| protein C/protein S complex |
|
|
Term
| what is the TFPI complex composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| antithrombin inhibits ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DVT is characterized by a __-rich, [color] clot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arterial thrombosis is charactered by a __-rich, [color] clot |
|
Definition
| platelet-rich, white clot |
|
|
Term
| unfractionated heparin binds ___ |
|
Definition
| antithrombin, thrombin, and factor 10a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt presents with elevated aPTT, history of multiple thromboses, and anti-cardiolipin; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt presents with elevated aPTT, history of multiple abortions, and lupus anticoagulant activity; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt has antibodies against PF4-heparin complex; what do you use for a confirmatory dx? what is the dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt presents with petechiae on the palate, mild bleeding after surgery, bleeding after minor cuts; is this a platelet or a coagulation factor disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt presents with ecchymoses, hemarthrosis, and severe bleeding after surgery; is this a platelet or a coagulation factor disorder? |
|
Definition
| coagulation factor disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gpIIb/IIIa deficiency; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pt presents with thrombocytopenia but normal CBC and smear; dx? tx? |
|
Definition
| ITP; splenectomy is most effective, then IV Ig, steroids, anti-RH |
|
|
Term
| pt presents with thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic anemia, schistocytes, normal aPTT and PT; dx? tx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the pathogenesis of TTP? |
|
Definition
| autoantibodies against ADAMTS-13 |
|
|
Term
| thrombocytopenia with thrombophilia (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx for HIT: Timing (5-14d), Thrombocytopenia (>20K), Thrombophilia, not oTher |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vWF, fibrinogen, factor 8, factor 13 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antithrombin and factor 10a |
|
|
Term
| unfractionated heparin binds __ |
|
Definition
| antithrombin, factor 10a and thrombin |
|
|
Term
| tx for vWF deficiency (2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| factor 5a cannot be deactivated by protein C; pt presents with thrombophilia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thrombin inhibitor derived from leeches |
|
|
Term
| autosomal dominant thrombosis/iron disorders (4) |
|
Definition
| vWF, ferroportin, protein C, protein S deficiencies |
|
|
Term
| pt presents with DVT and is put on heparin; 1 week later, her platelet count drops significantly but there is no bleeding; dx? tx? |
|
Definition
| HIT; stop heparin, give hirudin for DVT instead |
|
|
Term
| pt bleeds and bruises easily; normal PT and elevated aPTT; history of menorrhagia; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hepcidin: produced by?, expressed by?, function?, upregulated by? |
|
Definition
| produced by liver, expressed by enterocytes; increases iron absorption, binds ferroportin to decrease iron export; upregulated by infection, high iron, hemojuvelin |
|
|
Term
| downregulators of hepcidin |
|
Definition
| anemia, iron deficiency, EPO, ineffective erythropoiesis |
|
|
Term
| is hepcidin upregulated or downregulated in thalassemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transports iron out of lysosomes in macrophages |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries 2 molecules of iron; binds to TR1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is ferritin upregulated and what is the state of mRNA? |
|
Definition
| high iron; IRP does not bind 5' mRNA so transcription can continue |
|
|
Term
| when is transferrin upregulated and what is the state of mRNA? |
|
Definition
| low iron; IRP binds 3' mRNA and stabilizes it so transcription can continue |
|
|
Term
| hypochromic, microcytic anemia, high RDW, low ferritin; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypochromic, microcytic anemia, low RDW, high ferritin, low TR1; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypochromic, microcytic anemia, high ferritin, normal TR1; dx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hri is active under [high/low] iron conditions and inhibits globin synthesis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| occurs within 6h post transfusion but may resolve 2d later; 10-15% mortality |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ is the most common virus transmitted in transfusions; __ is the most common transfusion-related infection |
|
Definition
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