Term
| Hemoflagellates found in blood and tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| Hemoflagellates found in tissue macrophages |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagnostic and infective stage of Trypanosoma |
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Definition
| Trypomastigote seen in blood smears |
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Term
| Diagnostic stage of Leishmania |
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Definition
| Amastigote, known as LD bodies, found in macrophages from clinical specimens |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| May be confused with early ring forms of Plasmodium |
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Definition
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Term
| Causative agent of West African sleeping sickness |
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Definition
| Trypanosoma brucei gambiense |
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Term
| Vector for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Reservoir hosts of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense |
|
Definition
| cattle, sheep, hogs and humans |
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Term
| Where are trypomastigotes found in late infection of West African sleeping sickness and East African sleeping sickness? |
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Definition
| Central nervous system and lymph nodes |
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Term
| Trypanosoma brusei gambiense trypomastigotes are highly pleomorphic- what does this mean? |
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Definition
| Many different shapes/forms in the same blood smear. They may be long and slender with long flagellum or short and fat with no flagellum |
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Term
| Symptoms of West African sleeping sickness with lymph node involvement |
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Definition
| headaches, malaise, weight loss, remittent fevers, Winterbottom's sign, rash, and increase in serum and CSF IgM. |
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Term
| enlargement of lymph nodes in posterior cervical region is called- |
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Definition
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Term
| causative agent of East African sleeping sickness |
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Definition
| Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
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Term
| Reservoir hosts for Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
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Definition
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Term
| Which infection is more severe and rapidly fatal, West or East African sleeping sickness? |
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Definition
| East African sleeping sickness is more severe |
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Term
| Winterbottom's sign indicates infection of... |
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Definition
| sleeping sickness. Found in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection. May be absent from Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. |
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Term
| Causative agent of Chagas' disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Vector for Trypanosoma cruzi |
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Definition
| reduvid bug, also known as kissing bug |
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Term
| Diagnostic stage of Trypanosoma cruzi |
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Definition
| amastigotes found in macrophages of heart muscle and CNS as LD bodies; trypomastigotes found in blood smear |
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Term
| Infective stage of Trypanosoma cruzi |
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Definition
| trypomastigotes in feces of vector |
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Term
| Method of infection for Trypanosoma cruzi |
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Definition
| Reduvid bug bites and fecally contaminates wound. Transmission may also occur congenitally, or through blood transfusions and organ transplants. |
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Term
| Trypomastigote that characteristically assumes a C or U shape in stained blood smears |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an erythematous subcutaneous nodule seen most frequently on the face; caused by reduvid bug bite and infection with Trypanosoma cruzi |
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Term
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Definition
| unilateral edema of eyelids and conjunctivitis caused by infection of Trypanosoma cruzi through mucosa surrounding eye. |
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|
Term
| Acute symptoms of Trypanosoma cruzi infection |
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Definition
| After 2-3 weeks, include high fever, myocarditis, hepatosplenomegaly, erythematous rash, edema of feet, legs and face; possible CNS involvement |
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|
Term
| Serological testing for Trypanosoma cruzi |
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Definition
| ELISA, complement fixation |
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Term
| Causative agent of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis |
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Definition
| Leishmania tropica complex |
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Term
| Separation into Leishmania tropica major and Leishmania tropica minor is based on- |
|
Definition
| clinical, cultural, epidemiologic and immunologic differences |
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Term
| Oriental sores are caused by..? |
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Definition
| Leishmania tropica complex |
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|
Term
| Diagnostic stage of Leishmania tropica |
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Definition
| amastigotes in macrophage of skin lesion |
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|
Term
| Vector for Leishmania tropica |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| infective stage of Leishmania tropica |
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Definition
| promastigote which multiplies in gut of sand fly |
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|
Term
| Wet or rural cutaneous leishmaniasis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Dry or urban cutaneous leishmaniasis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Reservoir hosts of Leishmania tropica major |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Reservoir hosts for Leishmania tropica minor |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Clinical disease includes firm, painless papule that develops at the site of the insect bite |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Icubation period of Leishmania tropica major |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Incubation period of Leishmania tropica minor |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Papules are moist and covered with a serous exudate; ulcerate rapidly; usually found on lower limbs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| lesion is dry; ulceration occurs after several months; papules usually located in facial area |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Montenegro skin test and what is it used for? |
|
Definition
| delayed hypersensitivity reaction to a suspension of killed promastigotes administered intradermally; used to diagnose Leishmania tropica infection |
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|
Term
| Specimen of choice for diagnosing Leishmania tropica |
|
Definition
| aspirate or biopsy taken from the base of the papule |
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|
Term
| Definitive diagnosis of Leishmania tropica infection is made from- |
|
Definition
| demonstration of amastigotes in tissues or promastigotes in culture |
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Term
| Causative agents of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis also known as mucocutaneous leishmaniasis |
|
Definition
| Leishmania braziliensis complex and Leishmania mexicana complex |
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Term
| Geographic location of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis (L. braziliensis and L. mexicana) |
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Definition
| South and central America, Yucatan peninsula and southern Texas |
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Term
| Vector for Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania mexicana |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic stage for Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania mexicana |
|
Definition
| amastigotes in macrophages of aspirates and biopsies from margin of lesion |
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Term
| Infective stage of Leishmania brazieliensis and Leishmania mexicana |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of Leishmania braziliensis and L. mexicana is similar to diagnosis of... |
|
Definition
| Leishmania tropica complex |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Development of nodules which resemble leprosy; found in Leishmania mexicana complex infection |
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|
Term
| Causes single or multiple lesions similar to other cutaneous leishmaniasis. Untreated lesions can spread matastatically to the nasal or oral mucosa |
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Definition
| Leishmaniasis braziliensis complex |
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|
Term
| What infection results in progressive ulceration and erosion of mucosal linings? |
|
Definition
| Leishmania braziliensis complex |
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Term
| Visceral leishmaniasis, Kala azar, death fever and Dum-dum fever are all names for an illness caused by what organism? |
|
Definition
| Leishmania donovani complex |
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|
Term
| What is the vector for Leishmania donovani complex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Geographical location of Leishmania donovani complex |
|
Definition
| India, Africa, Europe, Asia, the Mediterranean, Central and South America |
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|
Term
| Infected cells of reticuloendothelial system can be found throughout the body in spleen, liver and bone marrow in what infection? |
|
Definition
| Leishmania donovani complex |
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|
Term
| Infections in which a sand fly bites a person and regurgitates promastigotes |
|
Definition
| Leishmania donovani complex, Leishmania tropica complex, Leishmania braziliensis complex, Leishmania mexicana complex |
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|
Term
| Kala azar or black sickness |
|
Definition
| Darkening of facial, hand, feet, and abnormal skin is often seen in light colored persons in India, caused by Leishmania donovani complex |
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|
Term
| What two organs are enlarged in Leishmania donovani complex infection? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Death results from complications such as septicemia, pneumonia, or bacillary/amebic dysentery in this infection |
|
Definition
| Leishmania donovani complex |
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|
Term
| Specimens used to check for Leishmania donovani complex |
|
Definition
| liver biopsy, bone marrow, and buffy coat preparations; tissue obtained by splenic puncture |
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|
Term
| Marked increase in IgG and IgM is present in what infection? |
|
Definition
| Leishmania donovani complex |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malignant Tertian Malaria/ Blackwater fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vector for all four Plasmodium species |
|
Definition
| female Anopheles mosquito |
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|
Term
| What disease is usually associated with traveling in tropical areas? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic stages of Plasmodium |
|
Definition
| trophozoite, schizont with merozoites, merozoites from ruptured schizont. Seen on Giemsa or Wright-stained blood smears collected prior to fever spike. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Sexual cycle, Asexual cycle, Erythrocytic phase, Exoerythrocytic phase |
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|
Term
| Which Plasmodium stage occurs primarily in the liver? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Infective stage of Plasmodium |
|
Definition
| sporozoites injected from salivary gland of mosquito |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| masses at periphery of RBC. ("joined together") |
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|
Term
| Plasmodium trophozoite with vacuole in middle; vacuole pushes nuclear chromatin to one side forming a ringed structure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| mature stage of Plasmodium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nuclear segments walled off by cytoplasm in schizont; RBC bursts and releases these to infect new cells |
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Definition
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|
Term
| sporozoites of P. ovale and P. vivax in resting stage in liver; when active cause a relapse years later |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| fine red granules in cytoplasm of P. vivax and P. ovale |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Dark red, wedge-shaped markings in P. falciparum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pale pink dots in cytoplasm of P. malariae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Plasmodium species has Duffy negative immunity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Plasmodium species can have two or three rings per cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two Plasmodium species infect young RBC's, causing them to become enlarged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Plasmodium species infects old RBC's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Plasmodium species has a banana or crescent shaped gametocyte and double dotted chromatin rings like headphones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which Plasmodium species do red blood cells containing the troph stage have ragged, fimbriated edges? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Plasmodium species has Hemoglobin S, G6PD deficiency immunity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the "maltese cross"? |
|
Definition
| The tetrad formation of Babesia species |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organism is a parasite of domestic wild animals, particularly dogs and cattle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic stage of Babesia |
|
Definition
| trophs in Giemsa or Wright-stained blood smears |
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|
Term
| Infective stage of Babesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is Babesia sometimes confused with Plasmodium? |
|
Definition
| It looks similar to early ring forms of malarial parasites, particularly P. falciparum |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Babesia infection |
|
Definition
| malaise, headache, chills, sweating, fatigue and weight loss. |
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