Term
| Threats to Internal Validity |
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Definition
- History (event may take place outside of the study and is not pat of intervention of interest)
- Maturation (observed outcome may be the result of the subject growing wiser)
- Testing (famililarity with the test when used repeatedly)
- Instrumentation (observers become experienced between pre and post test)
- Statistical Regression (scorers regress toward the mean with repeated measurement)
- Selection (differences in the people in one group vs. another)'
- Mortality and Attrition (differential dropout)
- Attention (know they are being observed)
- Diffusion (subjects talk to eachother)
- Interaction with selection
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Term
| what is proof of causation? |
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Definition
A must be consistently associated with B
A must always precede B
There must be a theoretical connection of A to B |
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Term
| what are the 3 components of the Donabedian framework? |
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Definition
- structure (training care providers)
- process (what was the action taken?)
- outcome (what was the result?)
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Term
| what are severity measures? |
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Definition
| when you refine diagnoses in terms of their implications for outcomes by addressing characteristics that suggest varying prognoses |
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Term
| Donabedian's process of care |
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Definition
- doing it right
- doing it well
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Term
| what is a propensity score? |
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Definition
| identifies the variables that might be associated with using or not using a given service |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| explain generic and condition-specific outcome measures. What is the difference? |
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Definition
Generic:
- causal links may be difficult to trace, they address larger constructs
- measures of function
- satisfaction with the care provided
Condition specific:
Need to be added to a summary measure, like a weighted scale (typically more sensitive to treatment effect since they vary with the condition being treated) |
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Term
| Five key steps in outcome research |
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Definition
Define a researchable question
Develop a conceptual model
conduct a literature review
operationalize the variables
develop a research plan |
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Term
| what is comparative effectiveness research? |
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Definition
| designed to inform health care decisions by providing evidence on the effectiveness, nenefits and harms of different treatment options |
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Term
| give exampes of outcome measures |
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Definition
mortality
morbidity
health status
quality of life
patient satisfaction
health economic outcomes |
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Term
| how are mortality and morbidity measured? |
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Definition
mortality: survival time, death event
morbidity: time to an occurance of a clinical event (such as stroke, MI, cancer) |
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Term
| how is patient satisfaction defined? |
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Definition
| the distance between quality of life and individual expectations |
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Term
| health economic outcomes (how is it measured?) |
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Definition
| using cost utility and cost effectiveness |
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