Term
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Definition
| Develops when nerve fibers in the periphery and CNS are functioning and intact. Starts outside of the nervous system. |
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Term
| Four Phases of Nociceptive Pain |
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Definition
1)Transduction
2)Transmission
3)Perception
4)Modulation |
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Term
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Definition
| First phase in nociceptive pain. Occurs when a noxious stimulus in the form of traumatic or chemical injury, burn, incision, or tumor is in periphery. Injured tissues release substance P, histamine, prostaglandins, serotonin, bradykinin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Second phase in nociceptive pain. Pain impulse moves from spinal cord to brain. Opioid receptors in spine can stop signal, but if not, pain impulse moves to the brain via fibers within spinothalamic tract to thalamus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conscious awareness of painful sensation. Cortical structures like the limbic system account for emotional response to pain. Somatosensory areas can characterize the sensation. Only when noxious stimuli are interpreted in these higher cortical structures can this sensation be "pain" |
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Term
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Definition
| Neurons from brainstem release neurotransmitters that block the impulse. Neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, neurotensin, GABA, that produce an analgesic effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialized nerve endings that are designed to detect painful sensations from the periphery and transmit them to the CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin, CT, Muscle, and thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic viscera |
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Term
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Definition
| directly by trauma or injury or secondarily by chemical mediators that re released from the site of tissue damage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain that does not adhere to the typical predictable phases in nociceptive pain. Implies an abnormal processing of the pain message from injury to nerve fibers. Difficult to treat. |
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Term
| Conditions that may cause neuropathy |
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Definition
| Diabetes Mellitus, Herpes Zoster, HIV/AIDS, sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia, phantom limb pain, chemotherapy, stroke, MS, tumor |
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Term
| Conditions that may cause neuropathy |
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Definition
| Diabetes Mellitus, Herpes Zoster, HIV/AIDS, sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia, phantom limb pain, chemotherapy, stroke, MS, tumor |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain that does not adhere to the typical predictable phases in nociceptive pain. Implies an abnormal processing of the pain message from injury to nerve fibers. Difficult to treat. |
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Term
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Definition
Visceral
Deep Somatic Pain
Cutaneous Pain
Psychogenic
Referred |
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Term
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Definition
| originates from internal organs - organ injury, tumor, ischemia, distention, or severe contraction - autonomic responses like vomiting, nausea, pallor, diaphoresis |
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Term
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Definition
| blood vessels, joints, tendons, muscles, bone - injury from pressure, trauma or ischemia |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin surface and subcutaneous tissues - superficial injury with a sharp, burning sensation |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain >6 months, does not stop when injury heals, level of pain intensity usually does not correspond with phys. findings. origin-abnormal processing of pain fibers from peripheral or central sites. |
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Term
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Definition
| Short term, self limiting, predictable trajectory, dissipates after injury heals. Incident pain is acute type that happens when certain movements take place. |
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Term
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Definition
-same pain capacity of adults
-by 20 weeks gestation, pain is felt
-inhibitory neurotransmitters are insufficient-preterm infant more sensitive to pain |
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Term
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Definition
| No evidence suggests that age desensitizes people to pain. People with dementia still experience pain. |
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Term
| Gender differences in pain |
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Definition
Men tend to not show they are in pain
Women are 2-3 times more likely to have migraines during childbearing years.
6 times more likely to have fibromyalgia
May be a gene that makes difference in pain perception. |
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Term
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Definition
| unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. Pain is always subjective |
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Term
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Definition
eight questions concerning location, duration, quality, intensity, and aggravating/relieving factors
Also questions about the manner of expressing pain and effects of pain that impair one's quality of life. |
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Term
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Definition
| asks patient to rate pain of past 24 hours using graduated scales (0-10) with respect to its impact on areas such as mood, walking ability, and sleep. |
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Term
| Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire |
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Definition
| asks patient to rank a list of descriptors in terms of their intensity and to give an overall intensity rating to his or her pain. |
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Term
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Definition
unidimensional and are intended to reflect pain intensity
Numeric, Descriptor, Faces, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
>2 can report pain and point to location
4-5 y/o can be introduced to rating scales (Oucher) |
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Term
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Definition
-note size and contour
-measure circumference of involved joint for comparison with baseline
-check active or passive range of motion |
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Term
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Definition
-autonomic responses
-guarding, grimacing, vocalizations, agitation, restlessness, stillness, diaphoresis, or change in vital signs |
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Term
| Cardiac Acute Pain Responses |
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Definition
Tachycardia
Elevated blood pressure
Increased myocardial oxygen demand
Increased cardiac output |
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Term
| Pulmonary Acute Pain Responses |
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Definition
Hypoventilation
Hypoxia
Decreased cough
Atelectasis |
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Term
| Gastrointestinal Acute Pain Responses |
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Definition
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Term
| Renal Acute Pain Responses |
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Definition
Oliguria
Urinary retention |
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Term
| Musculoskeletal Acute Pain Responses |
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Definition
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Term
| Endocrine Acute Pain Responses |
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Definition
| Increased adrenergic activity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Immune Acute Pain Responses |
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Definition
Impaired cellular immunity
Impaired wound healing |
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Term
| Poorly Controlled Chronic Pain Acute Pain Responses |
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Definition
Depression
Isolation
Limited mobility and function
Confusion
Family distress
Diminished quality of life |
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Term
| Immune Acute Pain Responses |
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Definition
Impaired cellular immunity
Impaired wound healing |
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Term
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Definition
measures physiologic and behavioral indicators on a 3-point scale
Crying
Requires 02 for sat >95%
Increased Vital signs
Expression
Sleepless |
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Term
| PAINAD (Pain assessment in advanced dementia) |
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Definition
-Breathing independent of vocalization
-Negative vocalization
-Facial expression
-Body language
-Consolability
Each is rated from 0-2
Score >4 = need for pain management |
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