Term
| Developmental Tasks (definition) |
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Definition
| these are developmental milestones that need to be mastered during this time cause they serve as a platform for later development |
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Definition
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Term
| elaboration of locomotion |
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Definition
| self-assertion, psychosocial development, transformation of ideas into actions |
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Definition
| based in the ability to think symbolically, semiotic thinking |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of mental symbols (words,objects) to stand for something else |
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Definition
| important for development congnitive and social skills |
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Term
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Definition
| play with the object provides the stimulation for the child (doll,ball) |
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Definition
| the use of symbols while playing (all being scripted and acted in the child's mind) |
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Term
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Definition
| children sitting in a group, but playing on their own. no social interactions |
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Term
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Definition
| children playing together working on social interaction |
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Term
| what is learned from playing? |
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Definition
| sharing, cooperation, manners, working together, compromise, communication, competition, right and worng |
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Term
| parents 2 types of playing |
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Definition
| sociable play and active play |
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Term
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Definition
| conversational in nature, emphases social nature (tea party) |
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Term
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Definition
| rough and tumble (tad, hide and seek) |
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Term
| gender expectations in play |
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Definition
paretns play differently with children depending on gender
-daughters: social play
-sons: active play |
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Term
| language acquisition process |
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Definition
| the only thing that children need to be able to learn a language is being able to hear |
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Term
| language acquisition device (LAD) |
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Definition
| our brains are pre-wired to hear and reproduce language |
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Term
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Definition
-one word utteracnces
-two word sentences
-structural rules, overgeneralization rules |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 year, meaning depends on context |
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Term
| two word sentences (utterances) |
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Definition
| 18-20 months, telegraphic speech organized around a small number of words |
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Term
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Definition
-onset is genetically determined
-linguistic competence precedes linguistic performance
- language rich environment promotes competence and performance |
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Term
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Definition
| build upon what they say, conversation on their 1 word |
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Term
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Definition
| asking questions to get children to say more |
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Term
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Definition
| the poorer the child the less words that they are exposed to (thousands) |
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Term
| erikson's characterization of crisis (psychosocial crisis) |
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Definition
| conflict between indivudaul needs and social expectation and demand (learning to control their selves in social situations) |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to behave independently, to do thins on one's own |
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Term
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Definition
| a sense of uncertainty about one's abilities and one's worth |
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Term
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Definition
| an intense emotional reaction to being ridiculed or to a negative self-assessment |
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Term
| imitation (central process) |
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Definition
| repetition of another person's words, gestures, or behaviors, this is how toddlers learn to do the right thinks, reduces their anxiety about performing tasks |
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Term
| will (prime adaptive ego quality) |
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Definition
| the capacity of the mind to direct and control action, inner determination and persistence |
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Term
| compulsion (core pathology) |
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Definition
| overcome with anxiety when challenged to either act autonomously or take on a new tasks |
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Term
| primary tasks of parenting toddlers |
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Definition
| develop an individuation enhancing style of parenting, develop strategies for discipline |
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Term
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Definition
| promoting age appropriate autonomy in the child |
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Term
| individuation enhancing parenting styles |
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Definition
| present, not invasive, provide support |
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Term
| expelling (parenting styles) |
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Definition
| promotes autonomy prematurely, not warm and caring (wants task done), promotes anxiety about "mastering" |
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Term
| binding (parenting styles) |
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Definition
| promotes anxiety about competency, over involved with toddler |
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Term
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Definition
| primary function of parenting, goal to get control |
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Term
| two dimensions of parenting styles |
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Definition
| responsiveness and demandingness |
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Term
| responsiveness (parenting styles) |
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Definition
| makes sure they are meeting their child's needs and are supporting them |
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Term
| demandingness (parenting styles) |
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Definition
| telling child that they need to do something |
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Term
| parenting discipline styles (4) |
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Definition
| authoritarian, indulgent, uninvolved, authoroitative |
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Term
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Definition
| high in demandingness, low in responsiveness (physical assertion and control, love withdrawal, psychological control) |
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Term
| physical assertion and control |
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Definition
| threaten physical harm/force |
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Term
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Definition
| communication in subtle ways that if they don't do something that they will not be loved |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| failed to live up for internalized standards, should be able to do it |
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Term
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Definition
| permissive, want kinds to be loved more then they behave, so they let them do what they want. high responsiveness, low demandingness |
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Term
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Definition
| neglectful, don't care about the child. low in responsiveness, low in demandingness |
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Term
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Definition
| high in responsiveness, high in demandingness |
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Term
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Definition
| promote emotional intelligence, explain right and wrong, specific behavior from child, judicious use of punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| established cultural norms at any given time |
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Term
| incidences of child abuse |
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Definition
| 5 kids per day killed by parental figures, 3 million abused/neglected each year |
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Term
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Definition
| physical, emotional, neglect, sexual |
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Term
| causative factors contribution to child abuse |
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Definition
| no one causes- abuse derives from many causes and therefore needs to be addressed on many different levels |
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Term
| developmental/ contextual properties on child abuse |
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Definition
| societal, child, personal, family system |
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Term
| societal factors of child abuse |
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Definition
| social comfort with aggression, violence, and force against children. individual rights of parents |
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Term
| child factors of child abuse |
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Definition
| hi-directional relationship between children and parenting stratgies |
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Term
| personal factors of child abuse |
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Definition
| history of mental illness, unrealistic expectations, history of abuse, commitment problems, stress and impulse control |
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Term
| family system factors of child abuse |
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Definition
| high levels of marital conflict and tension, scape goat child |
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Term
| consequences of child abuse |
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Definition
| resilient children, decompensators, compensators |
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Term
| resilient children (child abuse) |
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Definition
| posses temperaments that elicit positive responsive from others, special interests or talents, intelligent, someone they can connect to |
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Term
| decompensators (child abuse) |
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Definition
| intellectual deficits and academic difficulties, difficult in social and prosocial behaviors, emotional difficulties |
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Term
| compensators (child abuse) |
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Definition
| internalize shame, driven by approval of parents/others, no joy just anxiety about not succeeding |
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Term
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Definition
| caregivers may have the potential to provide care but are experiencing a combination of current stresses and past deficits |
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Term
| developmental tasks (early school years) |
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Definition
| gender identification, self theory, early moral development, per play |
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Term
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Definition
| gender schema. beliefs attitudes, values, and behaviors |
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Term
| masculinity (gender expectations) |
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Definition
| active, independent, competitive, persistent |
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Term
| feminity (gender expectations) |
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Definition
| open to emotions, helpful, sensitive, warm |
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Term
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Definition
| gender scheme is both, high masculinity and feminity |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between makes and females is due to social, not biological factors |
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Term
| reinforcement as shaper of learning |
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Definition
| the primary shaper of learning |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| can give ourselves approval for anticipating that we will get approval from others |
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Term
| socialization & radius of significant others |
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Definition
| parents, peers, teachers, toys, media |
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Term
| life span trajectory implications (gender) |
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Definition
educational implications,
career implications,
economic implications, social and psychological implications (anger, homophobia, emotional flooding) |
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Term
| two dimensions of self theory |
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Definition
| who am i, by age 3 they realize who they are, developing a set of beliefs and expectations about one's self |
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Term
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Definition
| the emotional judgments you place upon yourself, is on a continuum |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief about your ability to accomplish goals and tasks, believe that they are able to mater challenges |
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Term
| relatively high self esteem |
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Definition
| liking. loving oneself, respecting one self, trust that you can be successful, relationships are a source of joy |
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Term
| relatively low self esteem |
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Definition
| negative internal dialogues, negative expectations, self critical/self loathing |
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Term
| developmental shapers of self esteem |
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Definition
| messages of love support and approva from significant others, success experiences, favorable social comparisons |
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Term
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Definition
| all about being able to succeed and do what it takes to learn and figure it out |
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Term
| relatively high self efficacy |
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Definition
| trust capacity to perform and produce desired results |
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Term
| relatively low self efficacy |
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Definition
| anxious about capacities to perform, doubt capacity to succeed, believes that they don't have what it takes to complete challenges |
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Term
| global vs. domain specific self efficacy |
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Definition
| people can have high senses of self efficacy in some domains in their life, but be low in other aspects |
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Term
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Definition
| mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, social persuasion, favorable social comparisons |
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Term
| strategies to change levels of esteem and efficacy |
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Definition
| discount negative messages, pay attention to success and favorable comparisons, provide them will skills to succeed |
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Term
| developmental tasks (early-middle childhood) |
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Definition
| children become less egocentric (aware of norms, conformity, peer pressure). radius of significant others becomes more towards peers than parents |
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Term
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Definition
| a group organized around values and behaviors, put pressure on children to find a group to belong to |
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Term
| functions of cliques and peer groups |
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Definition
| gender scheme, self esteem, identity, values, sexual scripts, prosocial development, moral development |
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Term
| kohlberg's theory of moral development |
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Definition
| level 1 (pre-conventional: social skills are being practiced), level 2 (conventional: the understanding of right and wrong, encouraging moral development), level 3 (post conventional: social contract and ethical principles) |
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Term
| factors that shape moral development |
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Definition
| parental approval and modeling, television/media, peers and moral dilemmas |
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Term
| psychosocial crisis (for each stage) |
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Definition
| infancy (trust vs mistrust), toddler (autonomy vs shame/doubt), early childhood (initiative vs guilt) |
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Term
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Definition
| beliefs how you should act in sexual situations and embraces the concept of sexual orientation |
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Term
| 5 "W" questions of sexual script |
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Definition
| who you have sex with, why you have sex (motives), what you do in sexual situations (behavior), when do you have sex, where do you have sex |
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Term
| shapers of the sexual scripts |
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Definition
| parents, media, schools, peers |
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Term
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Definition
| takes place in same-sex groupings, girls talk to girls, boys talk to boys |
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Term
| two types of sexual experiences |
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Definition
| autoerotic and interpersonal sexual experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| masterurbation. can't get accurate data because people are hesitant to share. most men, less then half of female |
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Term
| interpersonal sexual experiences |
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Definition
| males approach situations with knowldge and females learn from the males |
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Term
| what changed since 1950 (sexual script) |
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Definition
| age of inititaion 15.5, closing the gender gap (males 80 females 70) |
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Term
| teen pregnancy (good/bad news) |
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Definition
| rates have decreased since 1990, but last 2 years have increased. 1 million teens pregnant in last 10 years, not as safe |
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Term
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Definition
| number of babies born/1000 teens (15-19 years) |
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Term
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Definition
| number of abortions/1000 teens (15-19 years), doesn't count "back ally" abortions |
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Term
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Definition
| birth+abortion rates (adjusted slightly upward for miscarriages) |
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Term
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Definition
| 49/1000. AA 85/100. Latina 93/1000 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Estimated US teen pregnancy rate |
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Definition
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Term
| traditional explanation for risk taking focuses 3 factors |
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Definition
| adolescent egocentrism, lack of education in us about sex, unavailability of contraception |
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Term
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Definition
| kids seeing themselves as unique and invulnerable to risk (personal fable, imaginary audience, invincibility fable) |
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Term
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Definition
| a transition period in development between childhood and adulthood, preparing for adult roles and responsibilities |
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Term
| why is adolescence getting longer? |
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Definition
| because the requirements are greater and more complex. also because of economic factors |
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Term
| economic factors affecting later adolescence |
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Definition
| inflation and economic downward mobility |
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Term
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Definition
| lifestyle, occupation, ideology |
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Term
| psych-social tensions in early adolescence |
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Definition
| revolves around lifestyle and ideology |
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Term
| psych-social tension in later adolescence |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| committing to an identity that is based on values and ideology of the groups one is connected to |
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Term
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Definition
| a negative form of involvement with social systems- where you believe that your goals and systems goals are not compatible with social systems that you are connected too |
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Term
| attitudinal manifestations of degrees of alienation |
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Definition
| normlessness, meaninglessness, powerlessness, social isolation, purposelessness |
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Term
| modes of adaptation to alienation |
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Definition
| what does a person do when he or she believes that these broader systems as an obstacle to personal development. rebellion, self estrangement, conformity |
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Term
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Definition
| attempt to change the systems to bring about a better fit between self and other systems |
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Term
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Definition
| accept the alientation as defininf feature of oneself; it's ok im just going to be different, i dont need to fit into a group, results in no peer support |
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Term
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Definition
| change yourself to better fit with broader systems. depression can be understood as a manifestation of helplessness and/or as a manifestation of anger turned inward |
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Term
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Definition
| abandom any hope of connection to broader systems; retreat into a worls of relationships based upon a shared disregard for the values and attitudes of these broader systems |
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Term
| self destructive retreats |
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Definition
| derive one's identity from committing to behaviors and beliefs that others fund objectionable but are at the same time quite harmful to one self (drugs) |
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Term
| other-destructive retreats |
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Definition
| derive one's identity from committing to the destruction of these other systems |
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Term
| ages of later adolescence |
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Definition
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Term
| psychosocial tension shirt in later adolescence |
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Definition
| shifts from external to internal sources |
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Term
| neugarten's concept of a "social clock" |
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Definition
| insight into the internal sources of pressured based on what the social expectations and demands are and when the events should occur |
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Term
| factors that affect the "clock" |
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Definition
| economic factors, changing nature of the times |
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Term
| psychosocial crisis (later adolescence) |
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Definition
| people being confused about who they are and they don't want to make a commitment to a certain identity |
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Term
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Definition
| heavy emphasis on experimentation of identities to find a better fit to their selves. this is done b experiencing the work and different environments to work on identify issues |
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Term
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Definition
| kids need to experiment, so society needs to back of a stop putting pressure of them, so they can experiment and figure out their identity. |
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Term
| anxiety and identity foreclosure |
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Definition
| prematurely committing to an identity without collecting enough information and experimenting sufficiently. problems because later people can feel like they missed out on experiences and they are not matched correctly to what they are doing |
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Term
| later adolescence reworking "dependencies" (3) |
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Definition
| financial, functional, and emotional |
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Term
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Definition
| gangs, cults, runaways, substance abuse, anxiety disorders, depression, narcissism, suicide |
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Term
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Definition
| this helps us formulate prevention and intervention for these problems. there is no single explanation for the problems of the youth |
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Term
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Definition
| trust, competence, mattering |
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Term
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Definition
| what we do in response to underlying anxiety |
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Term
| reactivity is reflected in... |
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Definition
| what you think, what you feel, what you do |
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Term
| emotion evoking experiences of youth |
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Definition
| youth alienation, expelling dynamics, binding dynamics, delegating dynamics |
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Term
| problems related to alienation or expelling forces within the family |
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Definition
| people feel that they don't fit in or belong to. anxiety about finding a group to fit in with |
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Term
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Definition
| finding belongingness, allows child to express anger by acting out against authority |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| purpose of fusing with boy/girl friend |
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Definition
| feel abandoned by your family and you find a new family to replace them |
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Term
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Definition
| parents are overly present and intrusive and sends the message that the child in not competent and able to take care of their self and cause cause anxiety, depression, suicide |
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Term
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Definition
| they cut theirselves off because they are not getting enough autonomy and they don’t feel listened to and respected and felt that it was the only way that they could escape the dynamic of the situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| here we can talk about certain kinds of substance abuse problems in youth – one’s that involve youth exercising control over themselves but remaining dependent and in a child-like position within the family. Be an individual by separation |
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Term
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Definition
| kids are pressured to achieve because the parents needs them to succeed. The kid gets the message that their accomplishments are important, not the person. importance of child is condition of accomplishments |
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Term
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Definition
| personality is that everything is about you, preoccupied by their selves and they are the only thing that matters. Not responsive to others. Treat family like slaves |
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Term
| developmental tasks (adulthood) |
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Definition
| knowing yourself, maturity, gaining ego resources to take on adult roles, commitment to life's work (career), shaping your dreams, finding mentors |
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Term
| what is maturity (robert white) |
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Definition
| stabilizing identity, freeing from person relationships, deepening of interests (hobbies), expansion of caring |
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Term
| psychosocial tension/ crisis (adulthood) |
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Definition
| developing a capacity for life long intimacy |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to experience an open supportive, tend relationship with another without fear of losing one's own identity in the process |
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Term
| characteristics of intimacy |
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Definition
| mutuality, empathy, trust |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability and willingness to regulate one's needs in oder to respond to the needs of one's partner |
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Term
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Definition
| skill enabling us to connect with others that allows us to respond to others (if they have a problem it becomes your problem too: fusion) |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to be in a relationship and know they differentiate and meet your needs, setting aside your anxieties because you believe that your partner is committed to you |
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Term
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Definition
| driven by anxiety about wither we can trust others and if we are competent. worried that if someone does something nice that it will not continue |
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Term
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Definition
| worrying about problems in the relationship and intimacy results them in feeling that they are alone |
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Term
| well differentiated > individuations enhancing > identity <> capacity for intimacy |
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Definition
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Term
| poor differentiated > individuation inhibition > identity confusion <> isolation |
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Definition
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Term
| love is grounded in either ... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| want to always be with each other, only ones in the world, joy of the moment |
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Term
| sternberg's triangular theory of love |
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Definition
| passion <> intimacy <> commitment |
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Term
| dr. ron's version of love |
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Definition
| passion <> joy <> commitment |
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Term
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Definition
| they are missing the joy in the relationship because it is replaced by fear that they might be left alone and their partner may think that they dont matter passion <> fear <> commitment |
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Term
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Definition
| afraid of being alone, afraid of loosing one's identity, afraid of not mattering |
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