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Definition
| Two or more people who are committed to each other and who share intimacy, resources, decision-making etc. |
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| common characteristics such as age, sex, and class |
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| emotional and legal commitment of two people to share emotional and physical intimacy, various tasks, and economic resources |
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| Trends in family structure |
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•Single-parent families with children under the age of 18 are increasing
•Number of stepfamilies is growing
•Average number of children per family in the US is 2 |
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•People marrying today have a 50% chance of divorcing
•Most divorced ppl remarry
•Men tend to remarry more quickly
•Most divorces involve children |
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•The percentage of people who are married in the US has continuously decreased over time
•More individuals delay marriage – women median age is 26 and men is 28
•More than half of all couples cohabit before marriage |
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Straight line- womb to tomb
Prenatal, infancy (18-24), early childhood (2-5), middle and late childhood (6-11), adolescence (10-21), early adult(20-30), middle adult (35-60), late adult (60-70 |
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| Normative age graded influences |
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| Developmental similarities within an age group ex) potty training, walking, sharing |
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| biological, emotional, cognitive, social |
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| Family Systems Perspective |
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| change in one person may cause change in other members |
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Term
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| micro-meso-exo-macro-chrono (know that micro is smallest and chrono is biggest) |
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| Holistic/Ecological Impacts |
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Definition
| environmental, family, other people, school teachers impacts |
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Definition
| how family changes in order to accommodate other family changes |
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| Changes in physical needs, growth, health/illness |
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| changes in learning, knowing, brain functioning |
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| Socio-emotional processes |
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Definition
| changes in friends, relationships, emotional needs |
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Term
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Definition
| Development of skills (physical, cognitive, socio-emotional) and readiness to take the next step in development |
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Term
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Definition
| development is a product of the interaction of the individual with the environment |
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Definition
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| environmental experiences |
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Term
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| debate between if development is a continuous and gradual process throughout life or distinct (growth takes place in an orderly manner) |
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| each individual has his/her own rate and pattern of development |
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| Critical/Sensitive Period |
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| fixed time period very early in development during which certain behaviors first emerge |
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Definition
| Each individual has an inherent desire to learn, to satisfy curiosity, to expand knowledge |
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| interrelated set of ideas that helps to explain and to make predictions |
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| specific prediction that can be tested to determine accuracy |
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o Unconscious drives
o Early experiences are important
o Sexual ages and stages |
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Term
| Personality Structure (ID,EGO,SUPEREGO) |
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Definition
| id (pleasure principle), ego (reality), superego (conscious) |
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Term
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Definition
| Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame&doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, integrity vs. despair |
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| Fitting new knowledge into what you already know |
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| taking in new info and learning new info and changing it around to fit with what you already know |
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| Information Processing theories |
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Definition
how brain processes info – Siegler
Sensory and perceptual processes
Memory
Thinking
Language |
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| Significant individuals in the environment can advance learning |
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Term
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Definition
sociocultural cognitive theory: Effect of culture and socialization on cognitive development
Knowledge is constructed through interactions with others |
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Definition
| operant conditioning, reward and punishment |
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| social cognitive theory, Observation, modeling, imitation. |
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Definition
| belief in how well we can do certain things |
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| focuses on learning through observation, imitation, and reinforcement |
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| (Lorenz) Behavior influenced by biology |
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| ecological, environmental influences- micro = smallest and chrono = biggest |
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| Pulls together most relevant ideas from other theories |
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| theories, hypotheses, instruments, methods for measurement, manipulate variables (numbers) |
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| in depth understanding, interviews, focus groups – open ended answers |
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Definition
| measures what it's supposed to measure |
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| Same results on repeated trials |
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| comparing different age groups- compare 13-18 yr olds, 20-30, 40-60 |
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Term
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| compare your score over next 10 years |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) come up with problem to be studied 2) collect research info 3) analyze data 4) draw conclusions |
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Definition
| when cultural traits from one group are combined in some way with the majority group and often occurs after migration of occupation |
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| a cultural construct that groups people according to common cultural or geographic origin |
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Term
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Definition
| random deciding whether each participant will be placed in the experimental group or in the control group |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. informed consent 2. confidentiality 3. debriefing 4. deception |
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| cultural construct (an idea or system of thought created by a culture; not inherent to humans, created by humans) |
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| relatedness, family structure, organization-Different cultures categorize family members differently |
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| considering yourself family |
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| Popular belief about a specific type of individuals |
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| Communication Skills (family) |
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Definition
sharing with each other
Open, straightforward, mutual caring, respectful, Kindness, affection, appreciation |
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Definition
| sharing of info, ideas, and feelings with each other |
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Definition
| emotional closeness a persona feels to other family members |
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| ability to change and adapt when necessary |
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| Socio-cultural characteristics of family |
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Definition
| extended family, social system, and belief system |
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Term
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Definition
| structured (more stability than change) and flexible (more change than stability) vs. rigid (too much stability) and chaotic (too much change) |
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| emphasize the individual (little closeness). emphasize togetherness and closeness |
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Definition
| some members of population are more likely to be in the study than others |
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Definition
| combination of longitudinal study and cross-sectional study |
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| learning that occurs at a particular age or stage of life |
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Definition
| infant gains understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical actions (0-2) |
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Term
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Definition
| child beings to represent world with words and images (2-7) |
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| Concrete operational stage |
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Definition
| child reasons logically (7-11) |
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| adolescent reasons in more abstract idealistic, and logical ways (11-) |
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