Term
Longitudinal Study
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Definition
Study people for period of years
Long time, high cost, possible bias, drop outs, events may change data |
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Cross-Sectional Study
Advantages
Problems |
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Definition
Study a variety of ages to get an idea what will likely happen over time
Less time, most longitudinal study problems disappear
Participants aren't really the same, requires more participants, Cohort Effect (event affected a generation ex. war) |
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Case Study
Advantages
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Definition
Long term study of one person
Details, insights
Relevance to only one person, can't help predict other people |
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Term
Experimental Method
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Definition
Manipulation of variables to find a cause, control group
People behave differently in experimental situations, especially children, cannot control all variables |
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Naturalistic Observation
Advantage
Problem |
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Definition
Watch and record behavior without interference in the environment
People behave normally
Can't control variables, different recording techniques of observers, observers disagree |
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Term
Social Survey
Advantage
Problems |
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Definition
Study large groups, often with questionnaires or phone polling, used often by sociologists and in political polls
Large numbers of people can be used in a study
Respondents aren't always truthful, biased response sample, validity problems with children |
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Term
Cross-Cultural Study
Problems |
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Definition
Helps determine what is dependent on culture, compares data between cultures, countries or societies and helps us see our own cultural bias
Interpreting findings |
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Definition
Field research that uses naturalistic observation to document a particular context
Goal: grasp human development from a culture's point of view |
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Term
| Ethical Standards for Research |
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Definition
| Researchers have the responsibility for the welfare of their subjects. Risk, Benefits, Informed Consent, Confidentiality, Deception |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The first two-four weeks after birth |
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Term
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Definition
| Sleep 16+ hours per day, in 4 hour cycle, 3 hours asleep 1 hour awake |
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Definition
How babies communicate
Pitch, Rhythm, Duration
Hunger, Discomfort, Tired, Frustration |
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Definition
| Offers close physical contact, practical, cheap, ready, provides immunities to allergy, disease, linked with possible higher intelligence and may lower risk of ovarian and breast cancer in the mother |
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Term
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Definition
Moro (startle reflex)
Stepping
Swimming
Sucking
Rooting
Grasping
Babinski (reflex of toes) |
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Term
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Definition
malformation in embryo
Second hand smoke
Environmental factors
Passed through breast milk
Babies exposed in utero may need treatment right after birth |
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Definition
| Increase in size that occurs with age |
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Definition
| Automatic biological changes that occur. This happens in a set, irreversible sequence. |
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Definition
| Changes in behavior and thought as a result of environmental influences |
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Definition
| Individuals' mental abilities and behavior are a combined result of biological maturation and adaptation to the environment. Cognitive development |
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Term
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Definition
| Personality develops across universal stages, each stage person confronts developmental task |
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Term
| Normative age graded influenced |
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Definition
| biological, sociocultural, and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group. |
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Term
| Normative history graded influences |
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Definition
| Influences that are common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances. |
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Term
| Non-normative life events |
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Definition
| unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual's life; events do not happen to all people |
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Term
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Definition
| Prenatal test to see if child in utero has any problems or complications |
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Term
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Definition
| Checks baby's heart rate and condition in utero |
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Term
| Stages of Prenatal Growth |
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Definition
| Germinal, Embryonic, Fetal |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth of zygote begins (mitosis) , link between zygote and support system of mother |
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Term
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Definition
| End of 2nd week to 8th week of pregnancy, rapid growth and cell division, placenta forms, early structural appearance of organs, development of recognizable human body |
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Definition
| 9th week of birth, major organ systems continue to develop, organs assume specialized functions, |
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Term
| Cephalocaudal Development |
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Definition
| HEAD! From top down development. Begins with brain and proceeds down |
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Term
| Proximodistal Development |
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Definition
| Inside out development- inner organs first, toes and fingers last |
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Definition
| Scores 5 different criteria from zero-two. Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration |
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Definition
| specialists in pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and women's sexual and reproductive health |
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Definition
| woman who is trained to assist another woman during childbirth and who may provide support to the family after the baby is born, labor coach at hospital |
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Definition
| obstetrician and author who proposed safer and gentler birthing methods, baby's experience is better |
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Definition
| mother's pelvis too small, baby positioned abnormally, breeched, umbilical cord wrapped around baby, unusual fetal heartbeat, baby ingests meconium, use of suction/forceps, complication from inherited diseases |
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Term
| Wolff's states of consciousness |
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Definition
| Quiet sleep, active sleep, drowsy, quiet alert, active alert and crying |
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Term
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Definition
Sensation- our senses (touch, taste, smell, see, hear)
Perception- How we make sense of our senses |
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Definition
| is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed |
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Term
| Piaget-assimilation and accommodation |
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Definition
Assimilation- which is using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation
Accommodation- this happens when the existing schema does not work, and needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation |
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Term
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Definition
| acquisition, function, infant directed speech- parentese |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st stage of development- infancy- Sensorimotor Period (infants begin to view world as permanent place, coordination of motor activity and perception, learn reflexes) |
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Definition
| Language of 2 year old. Mostly nouns and verbs |
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Term
| Types of Emotional Development |
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Definition
| Easy, Difficult, Slow-to-warm-up |
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Term
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Definition
| maltreatment of a person physically and psychologically |
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Term
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Definition
| Failure to provide proper care for a person physically and psychologically |
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