Term
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Definition
| Capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away by chemical action. pH greater than 7 in its standard state. |
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Term
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Definition
| A phenomenon that occurs during the rapid release (boiling) of a liquified gas that causes it to temporarily remain in a liquid state through rapid cooling. RISK: False assumption of product elimination until the product resumes boiling and subsequent release. |
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Term
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Definition
| Producing disease through living microorganisms that can mutate and become toxins are more deadly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Toxins can be small molecules, peptides, or proteins that are capable of causing dises on contact with or absorption by body tissues. RISK: Affects human health in a variety of ways ranging from allergic reactions to death. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any substance whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a sourt taste, the ability to turn blue litmus red, and the ability to react with bases and certain metals to form salts. pH less than 7 in its standard state. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chemical compound, including the cyanide group, that affects bodily functions by preventing the normal utilization of oxygen by body tissues. The term "blood agent" is a misnomer, however, because these agents to not actually affect the blood in anyway instead affects hemoglobin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Temperature at which the transition from a liquid to a gast state occurs. At this temperature, the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure so that the liquid rapidly becomes a vapor. |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes that take place on the molecular level. A chemical change produces a new substance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused when two or more chemicals, or the chemical and its container are incompatible. |
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Term
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Definition
| Separate elements that bond together to form compound mixture, they have a tendency to break down into their component parts, sometimes in an explosive manner. |
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Term
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Definition
| When dealing with corrosives, the amount of acid or base is compared to the amount of water present. |
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Term
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Definition
| The minimum temperature at which a gas can be liquefied no matter how much pressure is applied. A gas cannot be liquefied above its critical temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| The pressure that must be applied to bring a gas to its liquid state. |
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Term
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Definition
| Materials that can react or ignite if they are exposed to air. |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of a substance's tendency to deteriorate in the presence of another substance or in a particular environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| The concentration or amount of material to which the body is exposed over a specific time period. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the period of time it takes for a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. |
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Term
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Definition
| The biological reaction caused by the does in the body. The degree of harm is directly related to the dose (time and amount)and its impact on bodily functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of gas produced by a given volume of liquid at a given temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| The minimum temperature at which a material gives off vapor in sufficient concentration to form an ignitable mixture with air and will not continue to burn. |
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Term
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Definition
| The temperature at which enough vapors are given off to support continuous burning. |
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Term
| Flammable (Explosive) Range |
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Definition
| The difference between the upper and lower limits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to a class of chemical compounds that formerly comprised only those existing in or derived from plants or animals, but that now includes all other compounds of carbon. |
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Term
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Definition
| The minimum concentration of vapor to air below which a flame will not propagate in the presence of an ignition source. Also known as "too lean to burn." |
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Term
| Upper explosive limit (UEL) |
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Definition
| Is the maximum vapor to air concentration above, which flame will not propagate. Also known as "too rich to burn" |
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Term
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Definition
| They are often more toxic than naturally occuring organic chemicals. They decompose into smaller, more harmful elements when exposed to high temperatures for long periods of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Added to products to control their chemical reaction with other products. If it is not added or escapes during an incident, the material will begin to polymerize, which creates a very dangerous situation. |
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Term
| Ignition (Auto-ignition) Temperature |
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Definition
| The temperature at which a material (solid, liquid, or gas) will self-ignite and sustain combustion in air without an external spark or flame. |
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Term
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Definition
| Materials that decompose spontaneously, polymerize, or otherwise self-react and generally considered unstable. |
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Term
| Ionic and covalent compounds |
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Definition
| Materials made through the sharing or transfer of electrons. |
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Term
| Irritants (Riot Control Agents) |
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Definition
| They cause respiratory distress and copious tearing that incapacitate a victim. |
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Term
| Maximum Safe Storage Temperature (MSST) |
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Definition
| The maximum temperature that an organic peroxide may be stored safely. |
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Term
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Definition
| The separation of a substance into two or more simpler substance, or of a molecule into atoms or ions, by the action of heat or a chemical process. Dissociation is usually reversible. |
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Term
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Definition
| The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid allowing it to spread more readily. |
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Term
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Definition
| The temperature at which a liquid converts to a solid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the tendency or ability of two or more liquids to form a uniform blend or to dissolve in eachother. A) Miscibility is complete solubility, B) Generally seen in liquids, C)Water and ethyl alcohol are miscible, oil and water are not. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances that interfere with the central nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of matter that is not animal or vegetable; not having the organized structure of living things. Inorganic material lacks carbon chains. |
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Term
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Definition
| The combining of anything with oxygen or the propensity to yield oxygen which will present a greater hazard. |
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Term
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Definition
| Persistence refers to a chemical's ability to remain in the environment. The more persistent, the greater the propensity for it to remain harmful over a period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The numerical measure of a solution's hydrogen ion concentration as related to acidity or alkalinity. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process when objects undergo a change that does not change their chemical properties. |
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Term
| Physical State (solid, liquid, gas) |
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Definition
| The characteristic form of a material at ambient temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any process in which relatively small molecules, called monomers, combine chemically to produce a very large chain-like or network molecule, called a polymer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spontaneous emission of ionization radiation as a consequence of a nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Positively charged particle emitted by some radioactive materials and is not considered dangerous unless ingested. |
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Term
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Definition
| Can damage skin tissue, and they can damage internal organs if they enter the body. Full protective clothing, including positive pressure SCBA will protect against this type of RAD. |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes skin burns and can severely injure internal organs; therefore, protective clothing is inadequate in preventing this RAD from harming the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Describes the sensitivity of a material to water without the addition of heat or confinement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical compounds that temporarily make people unable to function by causing irritation to the eyes, mouth, throat, lungs, and skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds. They are also called alkanes or paraffin hydrocarbons. |
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Term
| Unsaturated Hyrdrocarbons |
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Definition
| Materials that have at least one multiple bond between two carbon atoms somewhere in molecule, which causes them to be more hazardous. A) Those with at least one double bond are called alkenes and those with at least one triple bond are called alkynes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Materials that contain the benzene "ring" which is formed by six carbon atoms and contains double bonds. Its greatest hazard is toxicity. |
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Term
| Self-accelerating decomposition temperature |
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Definition
| When this temperature is reached by some portion of the mass of the organic peroxide, irreversible decomposition will begin A) this reaction can be violent, usually rupturing the vessel or container dispersing peroxide, liquid and gaseous decomposition products products considerable distance. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of a substance to form a solution with water can be important when determining control methods. For example, gasoline is insoluble, while anhydrous ammonia is soluble. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mixture in which all of the ingredients are completely dissolved. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pourable mixture of a solid and a liquid. |
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Term
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Definition
| The weight of a solid or liquid compared to an equal volume of water. |
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Term
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Definition
| The concentration of a solution. In corrosives, strength refers to the degree ionization of an acid or a base in water. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of a substance to change from the solid to the vapor phase without passing through a liquid phase. |
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Term
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Definition
| Influences the hazards present and the measures taken to control an incident that involves that products. |
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Term
| Toxic Products of Combustion |
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Definition
| Byproducts of the comustion process that are harmful to humans. Some materials generate more highly toxic gases than others do; therefore, appropriate levels of protective clothing and equipment must be used to counter them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Weight of a vapor compared to air. |
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Term
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Definition
| The force exerted by the gas or vapor released by a liquid or solid substance in a closed container or space. |
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Term
| Vesicants (Blister Agents) |
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Definition
| These agents are extremely toxic, with the symptoms of exposure not appearing for minutes, hours, or days. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measure of the thickness of a liquid, determines how easily it flows. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ease with which a liquid or solid can pass into the vapor state. This will affect the dispersment in air and expand the endangered area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Counts per minute and kilcounts perminute are measurements of RAD. It is the number of atoms in a given quantity of RAD material that are detected to have decayed in one minute. |
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Term
| Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) Value |
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Definition
| Maximum level to which a healthy worker can be exposed for 30 mins and escape without suffering irreversible health effects or impairment. |
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Term
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Definition
| The latency between exposure to a pathogen and onset of symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of a pathogen necessary to manifest its pathogenicity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of material in air that is expected to kill 50 percent of a group of test animals when administered in a specific time period. |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes death of 50 percent of a group of test animals exposed to it by any route other than inhalation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ratio of the amount of one substance to the amount of another, expressed as a unit of solute dissolved in one million units of solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of units of one substance relative to one billion units of another. |
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Term
| Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) |
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Definition
| Regulatory limits on the amount or concentration of a substance in the air. 95% of healthy adults will not suffer affects. |
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Term
| Radiation Absorbed Dose (rad) |
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Definition
| Equals the energy absorption of 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material. Largely obsolete due to centigray. |
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Term
| Roentgen Equivalent Man (rem) |
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Definition
| International unit of intensity of x-rays and gamma rays. |
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Term
| Threshold limit value ceiling (TLV-C) |
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Definition
| Max concentration to qhich a healthy adult can be exposed without risk of injury, and the exposure to higher concentrations should not occur. |
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Term
| Threshold limit value short-term exposure limit (TLV-STEL) |
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Definition
| Max average concentration, averaged over a 15-minute period, to which a healthy adult can be safely exposed for 15 mins four times a day. |
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Term
| Threshold limit value time weighted average (TLV-TWA) |
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Definition
| Max concentration averaged over 8 hours to which a healthy adult can be repeatedly exposed for 8 hours per day 80 hours a week. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substances propensity to release energy or undergo change, for example self reaction, polymerization or violent reaction. |
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Term
| Three Types of Response Objectives |
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Definition
| Offensive, Defensive, Nonintervention |
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Term
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Definition
| Change applied stress, move stressor, move stressed system, shield stressed system |
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Term
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Definition
| Chill contents, limit stress levels, activate venting devices, mechanical repair |
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Term
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Definition
| Change container position, minimize pressure differential, cap off breach, remove contents |
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Term
| Change Size of Danger Zone |
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Definition
| Barries, adsorbents, absorbents, diluents, reactants, overpack |
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Term
| Change Exposures Contacted |
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Definition
| Provide sheltering, begin evacuation, PPE |
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Term
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Definition
| Rinse off contamination, increase distance from source, provide shielding, provide prompt medical attention |
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