Term
| Classical sociological theory |
|
Definition
| social theory as a response to the rise of society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moral philosophy accompanied the rise of natural theology, age of reason, modernity triumphant over tradition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| experience has to be organized so it can be intelligible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the transformation of society |
|
|
Term
| The problems of Modernity |
|
Definition
| the socialization of the individual, the rationality of knowledge, and the legitimation of power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the difference between modern and primitive society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the foundational works/classical texts of sociology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what kinds of things do or can exist in that domain and what are their conditions of existence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| declares natural (empirical) sciences to be the sole source of true knowledge and rejects the cognitive value of philosophical study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| understanding requires inter subjective meanings, science is social, studying what the event means to individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the whole is greater than the parts, and contradictions continually appear and disappear into new synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assumes soc. Sciences can be studied in the same ways as the physical sciences and in fact the soc sciences should mimic the physical sciences as much as possible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| laws that allows us to make generalizations about phenomenon and can be applied throughout history |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| history consists of idiographic events in the sense of being unique/non repeatable, individualist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| our senses are unmediated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Collaborated with Marx as well as having his own books of thought |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unmediated sense, the collection of facts and observations (qualitative and quantitative data) evidence to base your conclusions, positivism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the science of the general laws of motion, both of the external world and of human thought |
|
|
Term
| The Three Principles of Dialectics |
|
Definition
| unity of opposites, transformation, negation of the negation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| preservation of insigts and contributions from history |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the initial forms of thins are not their "true forms" but rather their negative condition which only transforms to its true form after the negativity is overcome -- therefore given facts are temporary/partial truths |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strips individuals of their human powers and turns them to animal ways, humans have species specific powers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we don’t always do things out of necessity, different needs and powers dependent on time and place in history |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mode of production of material life conditions the general process of soc/pol/intel life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the consciousness of men determines their social being |
|
|
Term
| Materialist conception of history |
|
Definition
| social being determines social consciousness --> the mode of production(economic) creates the cultural superstructure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allow society to create a surplus of goods beyond what is needed to survive, the development of this suplus gave rise to classes, a particular class tries to take and expropriate this surplus which determines the relations of production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| property relations between classes |
|
|
Term
| Mode of production (Economic Base) |
|
Definition
| together relations and forces combine to make the mode of production which determines/conditions what can arise within the cultural superstructure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general process of social political and intellectual life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defined by the ownership of property and production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the realization of a class consciousness leads to individuals becoming part of a cohesive class that consciously articulates their common interests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| becoming aware of the existence of a class for it self that has different wants and desires from the ruling class |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capitalists, owners of the modes of production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an instrument of the state and exploitation of wage-labor by capital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the illusions created by the oppressed/proletariat to comfort - people seek meaning and happiness in the divine hereafter rather than the human world (religion is an opium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reflect, or serves, the interests of the dominant class in that society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the systematic misrepresentation of dominant social relations in the consciousness of subordinate classes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| left-hegelian, elaborated the enlightenment view of religion as an "illusion" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| economic determinism with alleged determination of the ideological superstructure by the economical infrastructure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| landlord exploited the peasants under his control by seizing a portion of their produce but the workforce retained direct contact with the means of production (land) |
|
|
Term
| Asiatic mode of production |
|
Definition
| stationary character: the absense of private ownership of land, autonomous village communities, public water/irrigation etc in control of central gov |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system in which all power was centralized in the hands of the emperor |
|
|
Term
| Capitalist mode of production |
|
Definition
| process that separates the producer from his means of production & subsistence while placing those means under the exclusive control of the capitalist |
|
|
Term
| Manufacture (hand production) |
|
Definition
| increasingly complex division of labor, employed by one and the same capitalist |
|
|
Term
| Factory system (machine production) |
|
Definition
| capitalist desire for a productive process that is continuous and uninterrupted, worker becomes an appendage to the machine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presents an analytical approach to the class struggle (historical and present) and the problems of capitalism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unifies society by reaffirming social norms within the large group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nonmaterial social fact, principles of what is considered right and wrong |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the general understanding of shared beliefs |
|
|
Term
| Collective Representations |
|
Definition
| smaller component of collective conscience that is easier to be connected with actual icons/rituals/etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| widespread feeling produced in public gatherics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is that function serving way of relating part and whole, what does the particular object serve to function as in society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a material social fact involving the degree to which tasks or responsibilities are specialized |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People are unified because they are all generalists, carry out same activities, collective consciousness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| visible, fear, deterrent, bodily, larger consequences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Free individuals pursuing different functions are united by their complementary roles, links the individual to society and outlines the belief system shared by all individuals in society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reparations, fines, lessened punishment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suicide rates are the result of social currents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of integration into society, the needs of individual cannot be met |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| society importance above their own |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Regulated powers/values/norms of society disrupted and therefore there is a lack of constraint on the individual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| represented the interests of the group, especially unity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mundane individual concerns |
|
|
Term
| Social origins of classification |
|
Definition
| primitive peoples classifications reflect their social organization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| social structures, cultural norms, and values of society that external to and coercive of actors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "of its own kind." sociological explanation of social fact by other social facts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| real material entities, structural, morphological components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internal to the social actor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distribution of population, channels of communication that exist, housing arrangements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| series of debates on what would be the appropriate methods to the study of history and in the context of this debate economics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| history composed through general laws, neoclassical school |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| history composed of unique and non repeatable, individual, events |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| must understand the phenomenon as well as the subjective motivations that actors hold that explain their actions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rsearch relevant to our values, not purely objective beings and therefore influenced by our values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an event will be accompanied or followed with another event that was derived from the initial event |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| probabilistic statements about relationships between social phenomen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subjective meaning that humans attach to their actions and interactions within specific social contexts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| analytical construct that serves as a construction of certain elements of reality into a logically precise conception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the probability of an individual or group to realize theor own will in communal action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defined by commodity, life chances, and economic interests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| based on the consumption of goods and honor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| organizations striving for a goal in a planned manner |
|
|
Term
| Instrumentally rational action |
|
Definition
| action which are determined by expectations about the properties of objects and the human beings that the actor encounters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| action which are determined by the conscious belief in the value of a type of behavior regarless of likelihood of success |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| action which are determine by the actor's feelings, emotions, attachments, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| action which are determined by action habit, unthinking, almost automatic behavior in response to everyday stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subset of power, voluntary compliance or obedience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| belief of domination as legitimate gives power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| empowered by a formalistic belief in the content of the laws of legality and rationality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hierarchy, spheres of competence, written documents, specialized training, impersonal rules, vocation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Legitimated by the sanctity of tradition. The ability and right to rule is passed down, often through heredity. It does not change overtime, does not facilitate social change, tends to be irrational and inconsistent, and perpetuates the status quO |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| within a group that is usually organized on both economic and kinship basis authority is exercised by a particular individual who is designated by a definite rule of inheritance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| authority rests on the personal and bureaucratic power exercised by a royal household, where that power is formally arbitrary and under the direct control of the ruler |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a rational methodical approach to life which calls for the avoidance of pleasure and temptations of the flesh and external things, against the irrational use of wealth |
|
|
Term
| Unanticipated consequences |
|
Definition
| through their actions the protestant ethic developed by the Calvinist developed the economic ethos of capitalism |
|
|
Term
| World Rejecting Asceticism |
|
Definition
| One whose attitude is that participation in the wordly activities may be regarded as wrong and therefore formal withdrawl from the world for salvation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a path of salvation that requires particiption in worldly activity but in opposition to them based on individual religious dispositions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a leader whose mission and vision inspire others |
|
|
Term
| Routinization of Charisma |
|
Definition
| orders are traditionalized, the staff or followers change into legal or “estate-like” (traditional) staff, or the meaning of charisma itself may undergo change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| universally applied rules, laws and regulations that characterize organizations/action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means to an end calculations, systematic form of development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the way of life of Protestant groups was an important factor of their econominc success and since worldly success could be interpreted as a sign of eternal salvation, it was vigorously pursued. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed the moral justification for worldly activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| necessity for hard work as a component of a person's calling as well as their participation in worldly success as a visible sign or result (not a cause) of personal salvation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Calling by God to work and prosper and put it towards good use by participating in worldly activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| introduced the theological doctrines which combined with those of Martin Luther to form a significant new attitude toward work establishing the idea to profit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transformed capitalism it into a rational and unashamed pursuit of profit for its own sake |
|
|
Term
| Doctrine of predestination |
|
Definition
| god is an omniscient being so your fate is inevitable and there is nothing individuals can do to ensure their salvation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frameworks that structure social interaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something is developed as fashionable and unique it gets popular and then it becomes undermined --cycle of fashion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| because it is focused on both numbers and distance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| number of individuals involved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proximity, how you share norms, values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Quantitative changes In group size will have qualitative affect on the groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| import qualities that cannot stem within the group itself, more objective |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a person who is neither too close nor too far in social distance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| money becomes the common denominator of all values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one’s person intent of hiding something and another person’s intent to reveal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| each of the two participants is confronted by only one or the other, withdrawal of one participant will destory the entire group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simplest structure in which people can turn on each other (domination) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cultural artifacts that have already been produced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the individual capacity to produce |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in order for something to be valuable it can't be too easy or too difficult to acquire. money creates distance between people and objects, but it can also contribute to bringing people together. quality dissolves into quantity |
|
|
