Term
| Factors that determine responses to stress |
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Definition
1. What the stressor is
2. The environmental context
3. Personal meaning
4. Motives
5. Individual Strength |
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Term
| Primary Appraisal Process |
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Definition
Control of immediate stress reactions before trying to deal with the source of the stress.
Dealing with the reactions before dealing with the stress itself |
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Term
| How are unlearned strain-relief mechanisms helpful? |
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Definition
1. Reduce tension and anxiety
2. Repairs psychological damage
3. Restores psychological equilibrium |
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Term
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Definition
Common natural reaction to frustration and hurt among adult men and women, helps restore inner equilibrium.
Important part of "grief work" or bereavement |
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Term
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Definition
| Effective way of reducing tension |
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Term
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Definition
When possible under stress, has a healing function.
Often can produce nightmares of serious incidents
Can be used as an escape if nothing else will help. |
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Term
| Post-traumatic stress disorder |
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Definition
| Memory recalls of the original trauma keep repeating persistently along with the terrible emotions that were experienced. |
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Term
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Definition
"Venting"
Repetitively talking about an experience helps a person to becomes desensitized to it and cope more readily to it. |
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Term
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Definition
| If people were to relax their muscles they would report feeling relaxed as well. |
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Term
| Aspects of Deep Relaxation |
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Definition
1. A learned skill, not learned casually
2. Relaxation brought on by our own efforts is both longer lasting and more beneficial
3. Relaxation training can increase a person's awareness of stressor situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| The best long-term treatment for this issue is reducing the level of stress |
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Term
| Coping with Tension Headaches |
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Definition
| Learn to control the muscle tension in the head and neck by methods of relaxation training. |
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Term
| Coping with Migraine Headaches |
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Definition
| Maintaining regular schedules of eating sleeping and exercise are helpful for those who suffer with this frequently |
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Term
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Definition
A dangerous increase in blood pressure
Changes in diet, weight loss, medication, or stress reduction techniques may help.
Most effective solution = eliminate stress |
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Term
| Cognitive-defense Mechanisms |
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Definition
Unconscious protective thought reactions
Occur without thinking
Can provide immediate short term relief from stress, but should not be used as a substitute for long-term solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| Unwillingness to admit an unpleasant reality in order to not face anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| A mental process of pressing or pushing out of consciousness threatening or painful thoughts often by re-interpreting them into more favorable ones or by conveniently forgetting them |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of earlier behavior patterns that have been long outgrown |
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Term
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Definition
| When a person is so uncertain of themself that they leave their most important decisions to another person |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to defend against feelings of inadequacy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduces the degree of personal emotional involvement in potentially hurtful situations |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to a real and usually present source of danger |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to an event in the future that can be threatening |
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Term
| Steps to deal with Fear and Anxiety |
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Definition
1. Recognize these as normal psychophysiological reactions to dangerous and threatening situations
2. Distinguish between realistic and unrealistic
3. A person can begin to deal with these emotions |
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Term
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Definition
May offer a "gut-level" satisfaction but overall ineffective.
You may resort to ego-defense mechanisms if feeling hostile |
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Term
| Methods of dealing with Anger and Hostility |
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Definition
1. Responding in a way incompatible with anger
2. Empathizing with the person causing the anger
3. Downgrading the importance of the situation |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal feelings of this arise when we have knowingly broken a moral or ethical standard which we have agreed to follow |
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Term
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Definition
| Feeling felt after having been caught by someone when we were doing something wrong |
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Term
| Three stages of Grief Work |
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Definition
1 Shock or numbness, often accompanied by a strong tendency to deny or screen out the reality of what happened
2. Anxiety, depression, or "pangs of grief"
3. Giving up hope of recovering what has been lost and beginning to make the necessary readjustments to life
May last from a few weeks to several months |
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Term
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Definition
| Most effective way: Realizing any situation there are choices of action, some which are more adaptive and effective than others. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Accept the fact that everyone feels lonely at some point in their life
2. Use this experience as an opportunity to explore yourself and get to know yourself better
3. Learn to build meaningful, loving, enduring relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| Can provide a strong buffer against stress. |
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Term
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Definition
Can be as great a threat to our health as cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, and obesity.
Those with few relationships are more likely to become ill or die over a 10 - 12 year period. |
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Term
| Three parts of Stress-inoculation Training |
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Definition
Education
Rehearsal
Application |
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Term
| Education in Stress-inoculation training |
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Definition
Knowing what to expect can help alter the usual response
Emphasis is placed on awareness of personal reactions and experiences that occur during a stress respnse |
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Term
| Rehearsal in Stress-inoculation training |
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Definition
In this stage a person learns how to use cognitive self-statements to control reactions to stress.
Internal dialogue of self-statements can also be useful in a way of monitoring stress reactions and shifting to a more effective coping strategy |
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Term
| Application in Stress-inoculation training |
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Definition
What is learned in the previous steps is applied in these ways
1. People are trained to use these skills in relatively low stress situations
2. Applications are evaluated for their effectiveness
3. Self statements are modified if necessary or new statements developed
4. The new skills are applied to increasingly stressful situations |
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Term
| 4 Ways of Application in Stress-inoculation training |
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Definition
1. People are trained to use these skills in relatively low stress situations
2. Applications are evaluated for their effectiveness
3. Self statements are modified if necessary or new statements developed
4. The new skills are applied to increasingly stressful situations |
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Term
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Definition
Two step evaluation to figure out if an event is relevant or irrelevant
If irrelevant = ignore
if relevant = further assessment
Harmless-positive or stressful |
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Term
| 3 ways of assessing Stressful situations using Primary Appraisal |
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Definition
1. Presently harmful
2. Threatening
3. A challenge |
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Term
| Secondary Appraisal: Selection |
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Definition
| Evaluation of coping strategies then election of an appropriate strategy for maximum effectiveness. |
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Term
| Secondary Appraisal: Evaluation |
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Definition
| Examine the effectiveness of the strategy chosen. If it is deemed ineffective, we must choose a different coping strategy |
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Term
| Hobfoll's Conservation of Resources (COR) Loss Reduction |
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Definition
Deals with loss, threat of potential loss, or no gain of resources.
1. Ranking of resources
2. Developing surplus of resources |
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Term
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Definition
| Realistic and practical people who were willing to admit and take steps to solve problems in their life |
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Term
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Definition
Overly optimistic people who do not want to admit they have/will have problems
Tend to use denial |
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Term
| Evaluating a Stressful Situation |
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Definition
1. Define the Situation accurately
- appraise it as harmless or potentially harmful
2. Categorize the experience in order to deal with it using the right coping strategy |
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Term
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Definition
The natural tendency to categorize beforehand
also known as "prejudice"
Solution: increase the accuracy and complexity of our views of the world. |
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Term
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Definition
Attempt to overcome the situation
Under the appropriate conditions, this is the most effective method to deal with stress |
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Term
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Definition
Remove oneself from the location of the stressor either physically or via defense mechanism
Gives us
1. Time to evaluate possible responses
2. Opportunity to evaluate the significance of the event
3. Review of assumptions about ourself in relation to the event
4. Possible suggestions for ways to deal with it if it occurs again. |
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Term
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Definition
| Waver or hesitate in decision in an attempt to select the best possible way to handle it |
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Term
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Definition
| Accepting somewhat less than originally wanted by substitution or compromise |
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Term
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Definition
| The persons are willing to settle for part of what was wanted. |
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Term
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Definition
| Constructing a new solution |
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