Term
| Slope affects the spread of Fire in what two ways |
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Definition
| By preheating fuels and creating a draft effect p3 |
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Term
| A narrow canyon can have a wind direction significantly different from. |
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Definition
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Term
| A fire burning on ground level with a slope no greater than 5% will spread twice as fast when reaching what percentage slope (bonus) on what percent slope will it double again |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In relation to dead fuel moisture what is the term "Time Lag" |
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Definition
| The time it takes for the moisture content in the fuel and the surrounding air to equalize expressed in rate of hours. Ie grass is a 1 hour fuel. |
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Term
Low Fuel moisture can cause extreme burning conditions when the following fuels reach what levels
1 hour
10 hour
1000 hour |
|
Definition
1 hr 25% Fuel Moisture = extreme burning
10 hr 7%
1000 hr 13%. p9 |
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Term
| The chemical reaction of fire doubles for every _______ degree increase in fuel temperature |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How much of a degree difference can the surface temp of fuels have in the shade vs direct sun exposure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the primary factor that influences fire spread |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| You should be alert when the relative humidity drops below what level. At what level can we expect extreme fire behavior. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Name some indicators of unstable air |
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Definition
| Gusty winds, good visibility, and vertically growing clouds, dust devils mirages and whirls. p17 |
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Term
| The passage of a weather front is usually accompanied by this |
|
Definition
| A shift of wind direction. p13 |
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Term
| How is fuel loading measured |
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Definition
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|
Term
| During what period of the day is the wind the most calm. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Define a strong inversion |
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Definition
| when warmer air caps cooler air ie in coastal areas. p17 Extra; Inversions tend to lift at the same time each year. |
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Term
|
Definition
| when an area is saturated with spot fires which begin to affect each other resulting in all of them burning. p19 together with tremendous speed |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| when an area is saturated with spot fires which begin to affect each other resulting in all of them burning together with tremendous speed. It is more common in narrow steep and box canyons. |
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Term
| All factors of fire intensity are at their highest during what times of the day.Air is dry, fuels are dry,Temperature is high, winds may be strong. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the ratio of sleep hours to work hours 03 LT |
|
Definition
| 1 hour of sleep for every 2 hours of work. p26 |
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Term
| What does the acronym LACES stand for. |
|
Definition
Lookouts
Awareness
Communication
Escape Routes
Safety Zones |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Height plus 50% percent uphill
and 150% downhill. p43 |
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|
Term
| Working and walking distance to others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 elements to a wildland fire prevention program. |
|
Definition
| Education Engineering enforcement. p49 |
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|
Term
| What are the five categories of fire danger. |
|
Definition
| Low,Moderate,High,Very High,Extreme.p52 |
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|
Term
| Maximum size for debris piles |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Never consider wet line what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One volume of water will cool how many volumes of burning fuel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the ratio range for class A foam to water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does class A foam work |
|
Definition
| bubbles cling to the fuel and gradually release their moisture. |
|
|
Term
How much distance should you leave from bodies of water while applying Class
A foam |
|
Definition
| 100 feet from the high water mark. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of Auto foam regulating systems on the market |
|
Definition
Balanced pressure bladder tank Proportionr
Balanced pressure Pump proportioner
electronically controlled direct injection |
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|
Term
| Conventional nozzles can produce what ratio range of foam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Foam line can be fired from its width must be |
|
Definition
| 2.5 times the expected flame length from burning operation. p68 |
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|
Term
| What type of line is constructed when there is a chance of buring material rolling down hill? 03 LT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hasty narrow line cut to temporarily stop fire spread. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Generally fireline width should be what.
03 LT.
what if conditions are extreme |
|
Definition
1.5 times as wide as the height of the predominant fuel.
2+ times the height p73 |
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|
Term
| Except for extreme emergencies, who decides when and where to backfire |
|
Definition
| The IC or OPS section chief |
|
|
Term
| what is the most commonly used firing operation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Review Fireline const techniques |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tecniques used to accompolish the strategy |
|
|
Term
| What time of sun exposure presents the greatest fire hazard. |
|
Definition
| Southwest due to most sunlight p4 |
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|
Term
| What type of terrain is characterized by air drawn in from the bottom creating very strong upslope drafts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of terrain is characterized by wind which may be different from the prevailing, wind eddies and strong upslope air movement may be expected at sharp bends and at intersecting draws |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect does elevation have on fire fuels and behavior. |
|
Definition
| The lower the elevation the longer the season. p5 |
|
|
Term
| What are the three classifications of fuels. |
|
Definition
ground fuels
surface fuels
aerial fuels. p7 |
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|
Term
| Passage of warm fronts bring wind direction shift in what direction. What about cold fronts |
|
Definition
45-90 degrees
45 to 180 degrees. p14 |
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|
Term
| What type of winds occur when air spills over high elevations and moves downhill. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What indicators herald erratic fire behavior. |
|
Definition
| Dust devils, mirages, and fire whirls. p17 |
|
|
Term
| What is the danger of a plume dominated fire. |
|
Definition
| Potential for downbursts. p19 |
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|
Term
| Time of day when fire can be most easily controlled. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some indicators of extreme fire behavior. |
|
Definition
| A rapid increase of intensity, High sustained rate of spread,Well developed convection column, Long distance spotting 600ft, fire whirlwinds or horizontal flame sheeting, sudden calming of wind. p21 |
|
|
Term
| FIRE ORDERS acronym study |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Review 18 situations that shout watch out |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the five common denominators of fatality fires. |
|
Definition
| Small fires, innocent appearance, light fuels, uphill runs, and turbulence. p40 |
|
|
Term
| How far from structures should firewood be stored how about LPG tanks, and minimum fire break |
|
Definition
| 25ft, 5ft, 30ft all around. p55-56 |
|
|
Term
| what are the objectives of burning out. |
|
Definition
| Widen strengthen or secure fireline, reduce mop up and need for cold trailing,cut across fingers, incorporate spots, move into lighter fuels, utilize natural barriers and provide safety islands. p79 |
|
|
Term
| Name some indicators of extreme fire behavior. |
|
Definition
| A rapid increase of intensity, High sustained rate of spread,Well developed convection column, Long distance spotting 600ft, fire whirlwinds or horizontal flame sheeting, sudden calming of wind. p21 |
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