Term
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Definition
| Architecture without an architect, regionally diverse, built of local materials |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability of a system to absorb disturbance and still retain its basic function |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the world's largest slums |
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Term
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Definition
| self built houses, but not vernacular because it is built of thrown away materials. ex: Calcutta, India |
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Term
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Definition
| Vernacular structure that utilizes local materials, no wood, concrete blocks, or cement. |
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Term
| Inter-generational technology transfer |
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Definition
| Knowledge transmission endangered by migration to cities, because no one wants to build vernacular architecture |
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Term
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Definition
| Bachelor dwellings of rural New Zealand European settler population, western vernacular architecture |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of the remains of plants cultivated or used by man in ancient times, which have survived in archaeological contexts |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of an indian removal act. 1838-1839, thousands of people died |
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Term
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Definition
| Cherokees and many other native american groups were not integrated into Anglo-American society, but instead maintain a distinct cultural identity |
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Term
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Definition
| Displaced 1.3 million Chinese people from traditional dwellings to generate electricity for cities and industries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Councils are held here, as well as community activities such as ceremonies and celebrations |
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Term
| European introduced foods |
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Definition
| peach, cowpea, watermelon, sweet potato |
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Term
| Kirtipur, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal |
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Definition
| social and economic segregation within cities. Neighborhoods separated by caste. |
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Term
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Definition
| measures the evenness in distribution of wealth; measures inequities of wealth; high number means gross disparity |
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Term
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Definition
| Winner of 1981 Aga Kahn Award for urban improvements, but controversial because of negligible community input |
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Term
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Definition
| Lowest country on the planet, could be underwater as sea level rises |
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Term
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Definition
| Nuclear power plant destroyed, spread of toxic materials into land, caused by Tsunami. Natural disaster->man made disaster |
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Term
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Definition
| Italian city, eruption of Vesuvius, victims couldn't escape quickly enough to survive. Hazard became a disaster because people were unprepared. |
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Term
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Definition
| Southwestern NC and surrounding areas in the southern Appalachian area. Location of Cherokee school. Eastern band of Cherokess |
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Term
| Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya |
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Definition
| One of the world's largest slums, example of a place where materials accessible to the poor in the city are usually limited to the waste of the affluent. |
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Term
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Definition
| self-built dwellings, materials available to the poor are the waste of the affluent, health consequences, seen as eyesores to the public, don;t have a strong claim on the land. |
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Term
| Challenge of Urban Habitats |
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Definition
| to sustain life and provide equable opportunity in a high density, high differentiated habitat. |
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Term
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Definition
| place with over 100,000 people, high density human habitats. |
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Term
| Critical mass of talent theory |
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Definition
| cities possess critical mass of people that enable them to be engines of innovation and meet challenges of society. |
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Term
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Definition
| short lived, deadly events |
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Term
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Definition
| the potential to be damaged |
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Term
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Definition
| the shifting of tectonic plates, destroys homes, extremely dangerous to human habitats. |
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Term
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Definition
| present in sparsely habituated areas in order to stay away from dangerous lava, magma decomposes overtime and turns into rich soil. |
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Term
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Definition
| lots of seismic activity, followed earthquake in El Salvador in 2000 |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes a lot of flooding which doesn't always drain. Damages places that are affected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by seismic activity, more common in pacific regions, building of power plants on the coast makes this extremely dangerous |
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Term
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Definition
| Common in the Midwest, harsh and dangerous wints |
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Term
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Definition
| absence of water, has huge consequences for the people, bad for humans and animals, depletes food supply |
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Term
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Definition
| Example: Super Storm Sandy, streets become rivers, entire neighborhoods can be burned to the ground |
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Term
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Definition
| Preparing for the worst, culturally preparing for disasters by preparing, releasing anxiety, and remembering and memorializing what we lost |
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Term
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Definition
| made by nature and can't be helped |
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Term
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Definition
| Made by man and can be helped |
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Term
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Definition
| Humans have the responsibility to treat with care all other lives that share this world. |
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible use in protection of natural environment through conservation and sustainable practicies |
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Term
| Challenges of the 21st Century |
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Definition
| To house an additional 3billion people, thwart loss of cultural diversity |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduce vulnerability by building dwellings able to resist tremors, cross bracing, graduated stone sizes |
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Term
| Social Identity and persistence of Cherokee Culture |
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Definition
| houses paired as summer/winter log cabins, European foods adapted, basket weaving. |
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Term
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Definition
| Preserve the language and help Cherokees become literate |
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Term
| Kittuwah Mound (The Mother Tower) |
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Definition
| origin point of all Cherokees |
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Term
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Definition
| A choice to leave a habitat, regardless of how good or bad a situation is |
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Term
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Definition
| The only alternative to survive, because of economic chaos, resource depletion, ect. |
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Term
| Benefits of large residential groups |
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Definition
| Large labor pool, safety, shared resources, community, childcare. |
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Term
| Bad things about living in large residential groups |
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Definition
| disease spreads easily, conflicts between family, depletion of resources |
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Term
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Definition
| living with wife's parents/family after marriage |
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Term
|
Definition
| Living with husband's parents/family after marriage |
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Term
|
Definition
| the couple lives on their own after marriage, away from family |
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Term
| Chaco Canyon abandonment reasons |
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Definition
| drought, political instability, famine, resource depletion, greater opportunities elsewhere |
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Term
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Definition
| looking at tree rings for habitat and environmental cues from the past |
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Term
| Reasons why Norse may have left Greenland |
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Definition
| colder than normal climate so plants died, violent conflict between Inuits, could not staff churches, ivory trade shift |
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Term
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Definition
| Viking church in Greenland said to be burned down by Inuits, although there is no proof of this |
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Term
| Diamond's argument about Rapa Nui |
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Definition
| Islanders depleted the natural resources, committed ecocide. |
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Term
| Reasons why people may have left Easter Island |
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Definition
| rats, disease, all of the palm trees died |
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Term
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Definition
| Sequential layerings of new dwellings on top of old dwellings, becomes moundlike over time |
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Term
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Definition
| Neolithic tell in south central Turkey |
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Term
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Definition
| an ornament, having the form of the skull of an ox; horns and head of wild bulls; used as decoration to create shrines in Catalhoyuk |
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Term
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Definition
| made from palm leaves, perfect shade solution for roofs. Also used by Polynesian people as material to weave sails for their sailboats on their voyage to Western Polyneisa |
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Term
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Definition
| composite building material used for making walls, wooden strips are daubed with sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil or clay and straw. |
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Term
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Definition
| large, rectangular housing units with barrel-shaped roofs covered in bark, used by some Native Americans in the Northeast. Inhabited by kinship groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| raised above ground with livestock kept underneath-- in southeast Asia, island of Boreno |
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Term
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Definition
| lots of people, usually family and extended family, live together. |
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Term
| Catalyhoyuk Agglutination |
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Definition
| shared walls, but each dwelling is seperate. The dwellings touched. |
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Term
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Definition
| group of upright stones, typically aligned with significance to solstice/equinox |
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Term
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Definition
| Famous menhir, largest stone is Locmariaquer (75ft) |
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Term
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Definition
| remains of communal tombs, upright stones with capstones on top. Built away from settlements. Offerings left, evidence of feasting near the entrance. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Eastern Agricultural Complex |
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Definition
| group of plants domesticated in North America. |
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Term
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Definition
| Circular arrangement of upright posts or stones. Ditch and embankment/berm surrounding. More common in England and Scotland. |
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Term
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Definition
| once cut, the edge hydrates at a certain rate. based on this chemical process, we can date obsidian back to when it was originally cut. Used in Easter Island. |
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Term
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Definition
| ancestral O'Odam. Canal built around 1000AD, early irrigation canals and settlements in phoenix basin. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| were called Anasazi. Located in Northeastern Arizona and the four-corners area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Big stone structures on Rapa Nui. Full body stone carvings with oversized heads |
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Term
| Chaco Canyon Great Houses |
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Definition
| stacked large kivas, banded masonry, 2-4 story constructions, an integrated political and religious system, evidence of planned growth and planned architecture. |
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Term
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Definition
| A mound of domestic refuse containing shells and animal bone marking the site of a prehistoric settlement, contains the debris of human activity. Made by packrats, seen in Chaco Canyon |
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Term
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Definition
| expansion of Inuit speakers across arctic and polar regions around 1000 AD extending all the way to greenland |
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Term
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Definition
| a small canoe consisting of a light frame made watertight with animal skins |
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Term
| Double-Hulled Sailing Canoe |
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Definition
| used by Polynesians, traveled long distances to inhabit new islands |
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Term
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Definition
| Hawaiian temple, chiefs and specific occupational groups such as fisherman practiced worship in this temple. Paid homage to the major Hawaiian gods. |
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Term
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Definition
| compass with astrological signs to place doorways of Chinese houses. |
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Term
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Definition
| geographical region; top point of the triangle is Hawaii, SW corner= New Zealand, and the SE corner= Rapa Nui |
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Term
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Definition
| Soft wood trees with palm nuts; not good for building canoes or for rolling moai |
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Term
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Definition
| discovers palm nuts of Rapa Nui palm forest. There was no co-evolution with predators, that’s why the trees had no natural defense against them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tells the history of clan and ancestors, creation narratives, exploits of animals with powerful spirits. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Fast Runner, movie filmed in Canada about Inuit people |
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Term
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Definition
| Ruler of Palenque, he worked on his funerary monument before he died, strengthened ties with sister city of Tikal |
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Term
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Definition
| South-central turkey, neolithic tell, painted wall murals, geometric design on walls. Residential burials within dwellings |
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Term
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Definition
| Cliff Palace here, Puebloan people from Chaco Canyon relocated here |
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Term
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Definition
| Northern New Mexico, dry climate. Pronounced vertical zonation with varying aridity, forests at top of mountain; place of "great houses" as well as kivyas. Hub of dendritic road systems |
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Term
|
Definition
| characterized as being straight and not following topography |
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Term
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Definition
| Located in Polynesian triangle |
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Term
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Definition
| Early voyages with Lapita pottery. Leadership in society: vision, oration, navigation skills, competition |
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Term
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Definition
| volcano hotspot, active island building new habitat on the edge of lava flow |
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Term
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Definition
| Classic Maya city in Guatemala; a place of dieties and ancestors; location of Temple 1. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Classic Maya capital; roughly 40,000 people; royal court, temple of inscriptions |
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Term
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Definition
| temple in japan, multi-generational, highly integrated into the community with temple events. |
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Term
| Longhouse in Dartmoor, England |
|
Definition
| lower sections housed animals while upper section housed the families |
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Term
|
Definition
| Royal rulers lived in large, stone/brick dwellings; commoners/slaves lived in small, wattle/daub dwellings surrounding the rulers on the outskirts of the central plaza. Certain materials reflect wealth and prestige. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Using available resources at a rate that allows for their successful regeneration |
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Term
|
Definition
| limited resources need protection. Make buildings out of resources that can withstand the climate |
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Term
| Pan-American domesticates |
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Definition
| Bottle gourd, tobacco, cotton, squash, chile peppers, coconut, chocolate |
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Term
| South American domesticates |
|
Definition
| Tomato, peanuts, manioc, pineapple, sweet potato, potato, beans, quinoa |
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Term
|
Definition
| corn, beans, avocado, vanilla, tomatillo |
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|
Term
| North America Domesticates |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| tendency for settlement nucleation around ruler creates central location |
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Term
|
Definition
| create and maintain places for the dead. Gives "home" to spirits |
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Term
|
Definition
| spirits without graves or family connections, serves as temporary resting place |
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Term
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Definition
| The natural abode or location of an animal, plant, ect. The place where a plant or animal naturally or normally lives and grows, the typical place of residence |
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Term
|
Definition
| The physical home of a person |
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Term
|
Definition
| ability to walk on two feet |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a way to determine how old an organic substance is by measuring the amount of radioactive isotope is in the substance |
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Term
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Definition
| modification of the environment to make it sustainable and comfortable |
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Term
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Definition
| 23 to 5 million years ago. Megafauna evolove |
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Term
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Definition
| Ends with global warm climate shift. Extinction of Australian megafauna. Peopling of the Americas occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neolithic era. Current time. |
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Term
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Definition
| from the first appearance of artifacts to the end of the last ice age |
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Term
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Definition
| earliest forms of humankind, emergence of hand ax. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| modern Homo Sapiens only existed |
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Term
|
Definition
| farm animals were first domesticated, and agriculture was introduced |
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Term
|
Definition
| mud brick round houses, cultivation of wild grain, offerings and festivles, communal storage area. |
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Term
|
Definition
| rectangular mud brick houses, farming and food storage more privatized |
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Term
|
Definition
| looks for food, 4.5 million years ago. Pliocene |
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Term
|
Definition
| Kills animals for food, pleistocene |
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Term
|
Definition
| cultivates plants but also forages and hunts. End of pleistocene/beginning of holocene |
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Term
|
Definition
| large scale plant cultivation, holocene |
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Term
|
Definition
| cattle raising, moving with herds. Holocene |
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Term
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Definition
| taking animals to the mountains during the summer and bringing them back to the community in the winter |
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Term
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Definition
| the large mammals of a particular region, habitat or geological peroid |
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Term
|
Definition
| a solitary creature, common in forests of the southeast US where it browsed forests rather than grazed in grasslands, where its counterpart in Africa often found food |
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Term
|
Definition
| South America and Southern North America, size and mass of VW Beetle. Herbivore. |
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Term
|
Definition
| North America and Siberia. Ate birch trees, weight: 8 tons |
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Term
|
Definition
| earliest stone tools recorded, around 2.6 mya. Used during lower paleolithic. |
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Term
|
Definition
| used by homo erectus. Hand axes, bifacial tool |
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Term
|
Definition
| neanderthal, various types, such as levallois point |
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Term
|
Definition
| pointy weapon/spearhead made from rock. used by H. Sapien to kill woolly mammoth |
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Term
|
Definition
| seed dispersal more difficult, humans can seperate it by hand for controlled planting |
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Term
|
Definition
| places of cleansing, healing, and connection to larger cosmic forces, such as Tikal Temple in Gobekli Tepe |
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Term
|
Definition
| what nomadic people eventually transitioned to |
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Term
|
Definition
| mobile dwelling used by pastoralists from Caspian seas to central Mongolia. Round. |
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Term
|
Definition
| traditional navajo dwellings, round, built from sticks and then plastered with mud |
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Term
|
Definition
| ceremonial structure partially underground. circular. Built by southwestern puebloan people |
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Term
|
Definition
| for winter camps in Northwestern territories. Vernacular architecture. |
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Term
|
Definition
| spaces in dwellings that are used by different genders; certain areas or regions designed for men or women; ex: yurt, hogan |
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Term
|
Definition
| built of mud/clay: readily avalable |
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Term
|
Definition
| complete log house, built in forestry environment with slanted roofs in order to shed snow |
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Term
|
Definition
| daub walls with thatch roof, stick and clay lattices, thick walls for insulation, high roof to keep house cool |
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Term
|
Definition
| built on stilts because of monsoon season |
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Term
| Moroccan goat haired tent |
|
Definition
| for nomadic people, easy to take down and set up. Sun block and rain repellant |
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Term
|
Definition
| snow iced carved blocks to create a small, circular structure |
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Term
|
Definition
| lots of caves and cave systems, formed from erosion of limestone and other rocks. Upper Sibun River Valley (Belize) |
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Term
|
Definition
| plant and animals domestication typically coincided with permanent and rectangular dwellings |
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Term
| Corbelled domes or vaults |
|
Definition
| SW france, extremely durable and sturdy. Easily dismantled. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Discovered H. Erectus in Trinil, Java |
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Term
|
Definition
| convinced australopithicines were missing link. Taung baby. |
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Term
|
Definition
| studied Gobekli Tepe, thought it was meeting place for hunters and gatherers. |
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Term
|
Definition
| drew Neanderthals as being brutish. Sparked stereotype. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ardi. 5.5 million years ago, oldest in africa |
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|
Term
| Australopithecus afarnsis |
|
Definition
| Lucy. 2.9 myo. Second oldest in africa. |
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Term
|
Definition
| bipedal, 3ft 5in tall, 60lbs, softball sized brain, powerful hands |
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|
Term
| Australopithecus africanus |
|
Definition
| 2-3 million years old, pliocene |
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Term
|
Definition
| 2 million years ago. Bipedal, found in Eurasia and in temperate environments. Hand ax. |
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Term
|
Definition
| active life, serious injury pattern, accomplished hunters. |
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|
Term
| Homo Sapiens and homo sapiens sapiens |
|
Definition
| current people, expanded habitat beyond africa |
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Term
|
Definition
| sacred Iraq landscape, located in fertile crescent. A winter cave for neanderthals. Burials took place here. |
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Term
|
Definition
| not sure what it was for exactly, but people think it might be ritualistic, monumental. Klaus Schmidt thought it was transitional settlement. |
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Term
|
Definition
| limestone solution sinkholes in NE Spain. Homonid bones and remains of cave bears and lions. Was this a burial site? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mexican location where H. Sapiens lived about 12,000 years ago. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cave in China with H. Erectus skeletal remains, 700,000 years ago. |
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Term
|
Definition
| France, cave paintings of animals. Hall of the Bulls mural. 17,000 years old |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cave in Spain, paintings first thought to be recent, but actually from about 14,000 to 16,500 years ago |
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Term
|
Definition
| Modern Iraq, Eastern Turkey, Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Isreal. Place of domestication of wheat. Homo Sapiens. |
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Term
|
Definition
| sacred landscape for Mayans and place of offerings amidst settlement. Cave system. Homo Sapiens. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Veracaruz, Mexico. Water shrine, earliest examples of wooden artifacts, greenstone axes, and rubber balls. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Along east coast of Africa. Many homonid fossils found here dating back to 10 to 4 million years ago |
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Term
|
Definition
| Homo Erectus found here. 1.7 myo |
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Term
|
Definition
| Where the almost-complete skeleton of "Lucy" was found |
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Term
|
Definition
| France. Old, arthritic male Neanderthal found here. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sapiens, upper paleolithic. looked a lot like us. Came from Africa. Houses of mammoth bones. |
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|
Term
| Pleistocene to Holocene Transition |
|
Definition
| warmer, less large animals |
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