Term
|
Definition
FSH stimulates follicle granulosa cells which secrete estradiol
estradiol causes endometrium growth and increases FSH/LH via positive feedback |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LH surge induces ovulation, residual follicle (corpus luteum) secretes progesterone to maintain endometrium, high estradiol inhibits FSH/LH, low LH allows for corpus luteum degredation |
|
|
Term
| what day does ovulation, corpus luteum degeneration, endometrum involution, and mensturation begin |
|
Definition
ovulation 14
corpus luteum degeneration 26
endometrum involution 27
mensturation 28 |
|
|
Term
| what does GOPOOOO and TPAL mean |
|
Definition
gravity #, parity: preterm, term, abortuses, living
term, perterm, abortuses, living |
|
|
Term
| schedule for breast exams |
|
Definition
20yo: monthly self exams, physician exam every 3y
40yo: monthly self exam, physician exam after 20yo and physician every 3y until every year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CBC, HIV, UA and culture, pap, chalmydia, gonorrhea, hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
| when is quad screen / full integrated done what is it |
|
Definition
15-20wks
quad: AFP, hCG, uE3, inhibin A
full integrated: PAPP-A, nucal translucency |
|
|
Term
| when do we US fetus for structural abnormalities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
begins at 21yo then every 3y (or every 5y if doing HPV testing too)
can be d/c at 65yo or if had hysterectomy with cervix removal to non-neoplastic reasons |
|
|
Term
| what is the mammogram schedule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
andrenarche: DHEA production
gonadarche: activation of gonads by FSH/LH
thelarche: boobs (10yo)
pubarche: pubes (11yo)
axillary hair: pits
growth spurt (1y post thelarche)
menarche: pads (13yo) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) prepubertal: raised papilla, no hair
2) breast buds, aerolar enlargement, fine labial hair
3) enlargement of breast and aerola, hair growth
4) aerola and papilla elargement, secondary mound, hair becomes course and covers pubic region
5) aerola at level of breast, papilla extended, coarse hair on medial thigh |
|
|
Term
| function of LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone |
|
Definition
LH: ovulation, cholesterol regulation
FSH: stimulate follicle development
estrogen: endometrial proliferation, follicle growth, sexual development
progest: endometrial gland development, cervical mucous thickening, basal body temp, maintain pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| hypoactive sexual desire disorder |
|
Definition
| persistent absence of sexual fantasy, thought, desire causing distress |
|
|
Term
| female sexual arousal disorder |
|
Definition
| inability to maintain sexual excitement (mental or physiological) causing distress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inability to achieve organism causing distress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary spasm of pelvic floor muscles interfering with penetrating causing distress |
|
|
Term
| noncoital sexual pain disorder |
|
Definition
| genital pain with noncoital sexual stimulation |
|
|
Term
| things that decrease OC effectiveness |
|
Definition
| rifampin, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, topimarate, oxacarbazepine, primipone, st. johns wort |
|
|
Term
| SE of medroxyprogesterone |
|
Definition
| weight gain, osteoperosis, difficult to return to normal ovulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vaginal or cervical infection, high STD risk, desire for pregnancy soon, uterine abnormalities, diagnosed bleeding, breast cancer |
|
|
Term
| emergency contraception options |
|
Definition
levanogesterol-progesterone 72h: prevents ovulation thickens cervical mucous
ethinylestradiol-levanogesterol: 120h, 2pills 12h apart
Cu IUD
mifpristone: progesterone antagonist, induces abortion |
|
|
Term
| what types of female sterilization are most and least successful |
|
Definition
electrocautery: lowest failure, least success reversing
clips: highest failure, best reversal
essure
hysterectomy: best |
|
|
Term
| signs of imperforate hymen |
|
Definition
adult: primary amenorrhea, dysparenuria, cyclic pelvic pain
infant: blue bulge at introitus, urinary obstruction |
|
|
Term
| define menorrhagia, metorrhagia, hypomenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, polymenorrhea, mittleschmerz, spinnbarkeit |
|
Definition
menorrhaiga: heavy
metorrhagia; irregular periods, spotting
hypomenorrhea: light, short
oligomenorrhea: infrequent, >35d
polymenorrhea: <21d cycle, frequent periods
mittleschmerz: UL pelvic pain that coincides with ovulation
spinnbarkeit: stretchable quaility of cervical mucous |
|
|
Term
| central precocious puberty signs tx |
|
Definition
increased FSH/LH after GnRH administration
skeletal age advanced
tx: GnRh analog to suppresses pituitary axis (leuprolide, buserlin, nafarelin, histerlin) |
|
|
Term
| pseudo precocious puberty signs causes |
|
Definition
skeletal age not advanced
exogenous hormones: low FSH/LH after GnRH administration
hormone secreting tumor: excess extrogen, low FSH/LH
adrenal hyperplasia: high steroids
hypothyroidism: high TSH, low T3/4 |
|
|
Term
| heterosexual precocious puberty |
|
Definition
| virilization of girls or feminization of boys always pseudo percocious puberty |
|
|
Term
| isosexual precocious puberty |
|
Definition
premature sexual development appropirate for gender
complete: all sexual characteristics develop prematurley
incomplete: one sexual characteristic premature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
45X
ovarian dysgenesis (fibrous bands/gonadal streaks), primary amenorrhea
short stature, webbed neck, shield chest, wide spaced nipples, bicuspid aorta, coarctation of aorta, horseshoe kidney, HTN, high FSH/LH, low estrogen |
|
|
Term
| causes of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism |
|
Definition
| anorexia, bulemia, exercise, chronic illness, hypothyroidism, cushings, pituitary adenoma, chariopharyngioma, kallman syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pressure on hypothalamus decreases GnRH secretion causing primary amenorrhea |
|
|
Term
| kallman syndrome cause, signs |
|
Definition
deficiency of GnRH secreted by hypothalamus decreases FSH/LH secretion by pituitary
inability to smell, gonadal dysgenesis (absent breasts, secondary sex characteristics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
absent uterus, cervix, fallopian
primary amenorrhea, no secondary sex characteristics, absent uterus, blind vagina
testosterone, estrogen, FSH normal |
|
|
Term
| androgen insensitivity syndrome cause, sx, tx |
|
Definition
46XY, normal male gonads, androgen receptor dysfunction, no male genitalia, no female genitalia, breasts due to peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogens
high testosterone, low estrogen
remove gonads |
|
|
Term
| define primary amenorrhea |
|
Definition
| no mensturation or sex characteristics by 13yo, no mensturation with sex characteristics by 16yo |
|
|
Term
| define precocious puberty |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| define secondary amenorrhea |
|
Definition
| no menses for 3 cycles or 6mo in someone who previously mensturated |
|
|
Term
| signs of asherman syndrome |
|
Definition
| uterine curettage damages decudia basalis, normal estrogen, FSH, LH, no bleeding after progesterone challenge, secondary amenorrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LH:FSH>2
reproductive age
DM
infertility, amenorrhea, iligomenorrhea, spotting, anovulation
hirsturism, acne, obesity, virilism, aloplecia, male pattern baldness, cliteromeagly, voice deepening
positive progresterone challenge
string of pearls ovarian cysts
low estrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| OC, spironolatcone, leuprolide, climiphene and metformin for infertility, statin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extreme PCOS, androstendione production causes early virilization due to testosterone conversion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ovarian failure with end of mensturation >1y, in woman >40yo |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
desvenlafaxine: only FDA approved
others: venlafaxine, clonidine, gabapentin time, placebo |
|
|
Term
| causes of low estrogen low FSH secondary amenorrhea |
|
Definition
| excercise, weight loss, anorexia, malnutrition, stress, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinoma, sheenhan syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when do you do a endometrial biopsy when there is menorrhagia |
|
Definition
| >45yo, has risk factors for endometrial carcinoma, >6mo bleeding |
|
|
Term
| what do you do if a uterus just keeps bleeding |
|
Definition
| IV high dose estrogen and antiemetic, interuterine tamponate, uterine curettage |
|
|
Term
| premenstural syndrome vs dysphoric disorder and tx |
|
Definition
disphoric disorder meets criteria for depression once a month but not entire cycle
exercise, B6, NSAIDs, OC, progestins, SSRI, alprazolam |
|
|
Term
| when does basal body temp rise |
|
Definition
| 0.5 deg in luteal phase begins 1-2d after LH surge and persists for 10d |
|
|
Term
| kleinfelter syndrome cause, sx |
|
Definition
| dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules leads to hypogonadism and infertility, associ MVP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
BV >4.5
trichomonas >4.5
candidia 3.5-4.5 |
|
|
Term
| treatment of toxic shock syndrome |
|
Definition
| clindamycin and vancomycin |
|
|
Term
| treatment of chalmydia found on culture |
|
Definition
| azithromycin IM or doxycycline 7d |
|
|
Term
| treatment of chalmydia suspected |
|
Definition
| azithromycin IM or doxycycline 7d + ceftriaxone IM |
|
|
Term
| treatment of gonorrhea suspected or found on culture |
|
Definition
| azithromycin IM or doxycycline 7d + ceftriaxone IM |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| signs of disseminated gonorrhoeae |
|
Definition
| fever, migratory polyarthritis, septic arthritis, pustules on palms and soles, endocarditis, meningitis |
|
|
Term
| how is chalmydia cultured |
|
Definition
| intracytoplasmic inclusions seen on gemisa or iodine |
|
|
Term
| how is gonorrhoeae cultured |
|
Definition
| gram negative diplococci growth on thayar martin |
|
|
Term
| what do you always need to check for when you suspect PID |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| syphilis: bug, inguinal, bump, tx |
|
Definition
t. pallidum
BL painless ingunal adenopathy
painless indurated solitary lesion then condyloma lata gray raised lesions on genitals
penicillin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dark field during primary infection
RPR/VDRL for secondary or tertiary screening
FTA/MHA conformation |
|
|
Term
| when must you desensitize for syphilis treatment |
|
Definition
| neurosyphilis, tertiary syphilis, pregnancy (depending on who you ask) |
|
|
Term
| cancroid: bug, inguinal, bump, tx |
|
Definition
H. ducrei
1-2wk UL bubo like inguinal adenopathy
painful lesion, gray base, pustule then ulcer, solitary
azithromycin |
|
|
Term
| lympphogranuloma venerium: bug, inguinal, bump, tx |
|
Definition
C. trachomatis L1-3
UL bubo like adenopathy
painless vesicle then ulcer, single
doxycycline |
|
|
Term
| granuloma inguinale: bug, inguinal, bump, tx |
|
Definition
klebsiella
suppurlizing bubo inguinal
painless lesion, beefy red base, doxycycline, multiple coalescing lesions, friable |
|
|
Term
| what is the gold standard diagnosis for HSV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are HPV called, what is their cellular feature |
|
Definition
| condyloma acuminatum, kolyocytosis |
|
|
Term
| what does H. ducrei look like on culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does culture of klebsiella granulomatis have |
|
Definition
| donovan bodies (red encapsulated intracellular GNR) on gemisa |
|
|
Term
| lichen sclerosis vs lichen simplex chronicus |
|
Definition
sclerosis: thin, fragile, itchy, pain, fusion of clitoris and labia, plaques and papules, risk SCC, tx steroids
simplex: thick, leather like, puritic, no SCC risk |
|
|
Term
| how do tell extramammary pagets from melanoma |
|
Definition
pagets: keratin +, PAS+, S100-
melanoma: keratin-, PAS-, S100+ |
|
|
Term
| where are bartholin glands located |
|
Definition
| 5+7 o'clock on labia minora |
|
|
Term
| how do you treat SCC of the vagina |
|
Definition
<2cm internal cavitary radiation, surgical excision
>2cm external beam radiation
stages 2-4: external beam radiation, adjunct therapy |
|
|
Term
| signs of rhabdomyosarcoma botryoides |
|
Definition
| immature skeletal muscle (rhabdomyoblast: cytoplasmic striations, ihc+ stain for desmin and myogen), protrusion of grape like crusters, >5yo, bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
<25 repeat pap 6mo
>25 HPV screen if negative pap in 6mo, if positive colposcopy and biopsy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| colopscopy and biopsy, if >35yo endometrial biopsy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
<25 repeat pap in 6mo
>25 coloscopy and biopsy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HSIL/CIN2-3: LEEP or laser ablation
SCC <5cm: cone resection, post-op chemo
involves uerus, pelvic wall, or lower 1/3 vagina: radical hysterectomy, lymphadenectomy, radiation with cisplastin
extension into parametrial tissue, pelvic wall, lower 1/3 vagina, adjacent organs, metastasis: radiation and chemo |
|
|
Term
| #1 cause of post menopausal bleeding |
|
Definition
| atrophic endometrium, benign |
|
|
Term
| compare endometrial cancer 1 and 2 |
|
Definition
1) hyperplasia due to estrogen exposure, obese, post menopause, or estrogen secreting tumor, usually adenocarcinoma
2) atrophic endometrium with p53 mutation, often familial, papillary, serous, clear cell, or SCC, often somoma bodies, poor prognosis |
|
|
Term
| marker for endometrial cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OC#1, NSAiDS for pain
GnRH agonist: induce menopause
danzol: testosterone causes anovulation
aromatase inhibitor
ablation or lesions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adenomyosis cause, sx, how to dx, tx |
|
Definition
endometrial tissue invades myometrium
thick endometrium
MRI evaluates but hysterectomy is only way to diagnost
menorrhagia, dysparenuria, pelvic pain worse withmenses, globular uterus |
|
|
Term
| location of fibroid causing infertility |
|
Definition
| submucosal (closest to endometrium) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
regresses with menopause
GnRH agonist
myomectomy
hysterectomy
uterine artery embolization
NEVER GIVE BIRTH CONROL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| zonal necrosis, hemorrhage, rapid "fibroid" growth, extension through cervix, inconsitent shape |
|
|
Term
| when do you remove a simple ovarian cyst |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ovarian tumor: follicular cyst |
|
Definition
ovarian follicle didnt rupture (granulosa cells)
benign, observe unless it does not regress |
|
|
Term
| ovarian tumor: luteum cyst |
|
Definition
corpus luteum didnt involute (theca cells)
benign, observe unless it does not regress |
|
|
Term
| ovarian tumor: stromal hyperthrcosos |
|
Definition
| ovarian stroma enlargement, post menopause, looks like PCOS, benign |
|
|
Term
| ovarian tumor: serous cystadenoma |
|
Definition
plasmomma bodies, palpable simple cyst, mullerian epithelium
25% malignant |
|
|
Term
| ovarian tumor: mucinous cystadenoma |
|
Definition
pseudomyoxma peritoni (mucinous ascites), often bilateral, associated with endometrosis
20% malignant |
|
|
Term
| ovarian tumor: adenofibroma |
|
Definition
| fibrous transitional cells like bladder, usually benign, remove it |
|
|
Term
| ovarian tumor: cystadenocarcinoma |
|
Definition
| clear cell carcinoma, complex cysts, thick shaggy lining, post menopause, hx endometrosis, total hysterectomy, salpingo-oophrectomy, appendectomy, pelvic wall sample, chemo |
|
|
Term
| ovarian tumor: benign cystic eratoma |
|
Definition
mature germ layers: skin, hair, sebaceous, sweat glands, teeth, struma ovarii (hyperthyroid), carcinoid, SCC
normally asymptomatic, benign, remove because 2% are belignant, UL salpingo-ophrectomy
NDMA encephalitis!!!!!! |
|
|
Term
| ovarian tumor: immature cysticeratoma |
|
Definition
3 immature embryonic layers
malignant potential
painful
UL removal |
|
|
Term
| ovarian tumor: dysgerminoma |
|
Definition
similar to male seminoma, gray mass, sheets of cords, clear cells
high LDH, painful
remove, radiosensitive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
endodermal sinus tumor
schiller duval bodies
high AFP
#1 in kids
painful
remove UL |
|
|
Term
| ovarian tumor: choriocarcinoma |
|
Definition
placental cells, no villi
high b-hCG
painfuk
metastasis early
UL removal |
|
|
Term
| ovarian granulosa theca cell tumor |
|
Definition
solid, yellow, call exnar bodies, secretes estrogen
precocious puberty, heavy periods, post menopausal bleeding
25% malignant, can promote endometrial or breast cancer, remove it UL |
|
|
Term
| ovarian theca fibroma tumor |
|
Definition
solid, fray, yellow, lipid laden theca cells
meigs syndrome: ascites, hydrothorax
rarley malignant |
|
|
Term
| ovarian sertoli laydig cell tumor |
|
Definition
rinke crystals, solid high testosterone
virilization
irregular menses
deep voice, hirsturism, acne, increased muscle mass
rarley malignant, remove it |
|
|
Term
| tumor maker for ovarian cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| signs of NMDA envephalitis |
|
Definition
| ovarian teratoma, psych signs, insomnia, seizure, CSF with lymphocytic pleocytosis, EEG with slow disorganized rhythm, MRI with nonspecific flair abnormalities, NMDA-Ab in serum and CSF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spread from gastric carcinoma to ovary, signet ring cells with nuclei pushed to side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spread from appendix carcinoma to ovary causing jelly belly |
|
|
Term
| treatment of breast abscess |
|
Definition
| diclozacillin, cephalexin, amoxicillin, tmp-smx, continue to breast feed ot pump |
|
|
Term
| periductal mastitis cause |
|
Definition
| smoking causes vitamin A deficiency so cannot maintain lactiferous epithelium causing squamous metaplasia, keratin plugs ducts causing infmallation and myofibroblasts retract nipple |
|
|
Term
| mammary duct ectasia signs |
|
Definition
| non-bacterial inflammation, green brown discharge, periaerolar mass, nipple retraction |
|
|
Term
| morphology of fibrocystic change |
|
Definition
blue dome cysts: dilation and unfolding of lobules, coalescence into large cysts, epithelial hyperplasia
milk of Ca (looks like Ca lines bottom of cyst) |
|
|
Term
| sclerosing adenosis signs |
|
Definition
normal diffuse response in pregnancy of proliferation of acini and ductules leading to fibrosis and lumen compression
calcifications seen on mammogram |
|
|
Term
| cystosarcoma phyllodes tumor |
|
Definition
| palpable, large distorts breast, not fixed, leaf like projections, low risk metastasis |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between intraductal papilloma and tubular carcinoma |
|
Definition
papilloma: has 4 layers (fibrobascular core, epithelium doubled, myoepithelial cells, luminal cap)
carcinoma: no myoepithelial layer |
|
|
Term
| signs of intraductal papilloma |
|
Definition
| bloody or straw colored discarge from nipple, subaerolar mass, nipple retraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
0) in situ
1) <2cm
2A) +ipsi nodes <2cm OR 2-5cm -nodes
2B) +ipsi nodes 2-5cm OR >5cm - nodes
3A) +ipsi nodes <5cm OR <5cm -nodes
3B) has skin, chest wall, or mammary node
4) distal spread |
|
|
Term
| where do the quadrants of the breast normally metastasize |
|
Definition
outer and centeral: axillary nodes
medial inner: internal mammary nodes |
|
|
Term
| drugs causing gynecomastia |
|
Definition
spironolactone, digoxin, cimetidine, alcohol, ketoconazole
spironolactone, THC, alcohol, cimetidine, ketoconazole, estrogen, digozin
others: heroin, antiretrovirals, steroids, psychoactive, lavender, teatree oil |
|
|
Term
| when is male gynecomastia ok |
|
Definition
| usually self resolves in prepubertal males 6-12yo in 6mo |
|
|
Term
| where is breast cancer usually located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lumpectomy, tamoxifen reduces risk of cancer in the other breast by 50% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| observe, no risk of cancer from the lesion just increased risk in either breast in general |
|
|
Term
| signs of mucinous breast cancer |
|
Definition
| older women, gelatenous, cell circumscribed, slow growth |
|
|
Term
| signs of tubular breast cancer |
|
Definition
| late 40s, no myoepithelial layer, well formed, replacement of fat with hard CT, estrogen and progesterone positive |
|
|
Term
| signs of inflammatory breast cancer |
|
Definition
| ductal carcinoma with rapid progression, breast pain, tenderness, erythema, warmth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ANTERIOR prolapse, defect in bladder support, hypermobile Q tip test, difficulty voiding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CENTRAL defect in muscle support of cervix/vaginal cuff after hysterectomy, allows small bowel protrusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| POSTERIOR defect in rectal support, feels like needs to use fingers to defecate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LATERAL defect in levator ani attachment to pelvic side wall, lack of vaginal support, often post hysterectomy |
|
|
Term
| urge incontinence cause, sx, dx, tx |
|
Definition
detrusor spasm
dementia, stroke, parkinsons
cant make it to bathroom in time
large urine volume
urodynamic study
oxybutinin |
|
|
Term
| overflow incontinence cause, sx, dx, tx |
|
Definition
incomplete emptying, continous leakage, cant contract detrusor
DM, cord injury, BPH, constipation, a-agonitst, epidural
nocturnal wetting, low volume, dribbling, weak stream, frequency
automated bladder scan
cath post void residual
bethenchol, terazosin, doxazosin |
|
|
Term
| diagnosis of stress incontinence |
|
Definition
| cystometric evaluation to check pressure and volume changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cant get to toilet (Broken leg) |
|
|
Term
| reflux incontinence cause, sx |
|
Definition
cord injury, ms, DM, tabes dorsalis, disc herniation, tumor
cant sense need to urinate |
|
|
Term
| treatment of breast abscess |
|
Definition
| diclozacillin, cephalexin, amoxicillin, tmp-smx, continue to breast feed ot pump |
|
|
Term
| periductal mastitis cause |
|
Definition
| smoking causes vitamin A deficiency so cannot maintain lactiferous epithelium causing squamous metaplasia, keratin plugs ducts causing infmallation and myofibroblasts retract nipple |
|
|
Term
| mammary duct ectasia signs |
|
Definition
| non-bacterial inflammation, green brown discharge, periaerolar mass, nipple retraction |
|
|
Term
| morphology of fibrocystic change |
|
Definition
blue dome cysts: dilation and unfolding of lobules, coalescence into large cysts, epithelial hyperplasia
milk of Ca (looks like Ca lines bottom of cyst) |
|
|
Term
| sclerosing adenosis signs |
|
Definition
normal diffuse response in pregnancy of proliferation of acini and ductules leading to fibrosis and lumen compression
calcifications seen on mammogram |
|
|
Term
| cystosarcoma phyllodes tumor |
|
Definition
| palpable, large distorts breast, not fixed, leaf like projections, low risk metastasis |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between intraductal papilloma and tubular carcinoma |
|
Definition
papilloma: has 4 layers (fibrobascular core, epithelium doubled, myoepithelial cells, luminal cap)
carcinoma: no myoepithelial layer |
|
|
Term
| signs of intraductal papilloma |
|
Definition
| bloody or straw colored discarge from nipple, subaerolar mass, nipple retraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
0) in situ
1) <2cm
2A) +ipsi nodes <2cm OR 2-5cm -nodes
2B) +ipsi nodes 2-5cm OR >5cm - nodes
3A) +ipsi nodes <5cm OR <5cm -nodes
3B) has skin, chest wall, or mammary node
4) distal spread |
|
|
Term
| where do the quadrants of the breast normally metastasize |
|
Definition
outer and centeral: axillary nodes
medial inner: internal mammary nodes |
|
|
Term
| drugs causing gynecomastia |
|
Definition
spironolactone, digoxin, cimetidine, alcohol, ketoconazole
spironolactone, THC, alcohol, cimetidine, ketoconazole, estrogen, digozin
others: heroin, antiretrovirals, steroids, psychoactive, lavender, teatree oil |
|
|
Term
| when is male gynecomastia ok |
|
Definition
| usually self resolves in prepubertal males 6-12yo in 6mo |
|
|
Term
| where is breast cancer usually located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lumpectomy, tamoxifen reduces risk of cancer in the other breast by 50% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| observe, no risk of cancer from the lesion just increased risk in either breast in general |
|
|
Term
| signs of mucinous breast cancer |
|
Definition
| older women, gelatenous, cell circumscribed, slow growth |
|
|
Term
| signs of tubular breast cancer |
|
Definition
| late 40s, no myoepithelial layer, well formed, replacement of fat with hard CT, estrogen and progesterone positive |
|
|
Term
| signs of inflammatory breast cancer |
|
Definition
| ductal carcinoma with rapid progression, breast pain, tenderness, erythema, warmth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ANTERIOR prolapse, defect in bladder support, hypermobile Q tip test, difficulty voiding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CENTRAL defect in muscle support of cervix/vaginal cuff after hysterectomy, allows small bowel protrusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| POSTERIOR defect in rectal support, feels like needs to use fingers to defecate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| LATERAL defect in levator ani attachment to pelvic side wall, lack of vaginal support, often post hysterectomy |
|
|
Term
| urge incontinence cause, sx, dx, tx |
|
Definition
detrusor spasm
dementia, stroke, parkinsons
cant make it to bathroom in time
large urine volume
urodynamic study
oxybutinin |
|
|
Term
| overflow incontinence cause, sx, dx, tx |
|
Definition
incomplete emptying, continous leakage, cant contract detrusor
DM, cord injury, BPH, constipation, a-agonitst, epidural
nocturnal wetting, low volume, dribbling, weak stream, frequency
automated bladder scan
cath post void residual
bethenchol, terazosin, doxazosin |
|
|
Term
| diagnosis of stress incontinence |
|
Definition
| cystometric evaluation to check pressure and volume changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cant get to toilet (Broken leg) |
|
|
Term
| reflux incontinence cause, sx |
|
Definition
cord injury, ms, DM, tabes dorsalis, disc herniation, tumor
cant sense need to urinate |
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