Term
| hormonal elvelsi n emnstrual cycle |
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Definition
follicles enalrge due to fsh stimualtion, they make estradiol, stimualting endometrium prolfieration.
E2 tirggers the prevoulatory surge of LHand FSH.
follciular rupture and ovualtin ooccurs, eleasing ovum.
ruptured follcie lbecomes corups luteum andp odrudces P and some E, P cuasing the endometrium to differneitate int o secreatoyr gnaldules. i nabsecne of pregnancy , corpus lutem ceasest o funciton, P and E leels drop and mensturation occurs |
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Term
| basis of oral contraceptives |
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Definition
| in pregnancay, post oulation progesteronand estrogen levels keep increasing, so there is no vovaultion. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| which pill has mroe stringetn on time requriements |
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Definition
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Term
| adverse effecst of preoesterone pill |
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Definition
| commonly irregular menstrual bleeding. Sometimesi ncerases ecotpic pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| when estrogen is contraindicated such as during breastfeeding where estrogen reduced breast milk |
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Term
| long term reversible contraception using progtesin |
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Definition
implantation (etonogesterel)
Injection (medroxyproegsteron acetatte (mpa)).
IU (levonogesterel) |
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Term
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Definition
| hormonal conraception, preveniton of endometrial hyeprpleasia due to unospposed estrogen, secondary ammenorhea, endometriosis, ndometrial cancer, lutealsupporti nIF protocols, prevention of preterm birth. |
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Term
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Definition
low dose- ovulatory cessation incossitent, most of effects is cervicual muscoas thickening, reducing sperm viabiity and penetration
intermediate dose: soem follicular development, more consistiently inbhiting ovulation. same cervicual muc changes occur.
High dose, comepletley inhibits follciualr developmetn and ovualtion.
Endometrium- thin/atorphic interfeing with implanation of blastocyst |
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Term
| how does progesterone exert its effects |
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Definition
| e2 decreasesfamplitude of fsh anwd lh, but triggers surge ofLH mid cycle. P4 decrases frequency o GNrh, and thus frency of LH/FSH |
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Term
| progesteron receptors fucntioning |
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Definition
both oded by hPR. pr-b contributs to prolfieration, Pr-A isoform is necessary to oppose estrogeni nduced prolfieraiton.
Estrogen is necessary to induce hpR epressioin in endometrium |
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Term
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Definition
| focus mainly on estrogen , progesterone, and inhibotrs: antagonists,agonists, selective agoanists |
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Term
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Definition
| the estrogen level remains constant while progesteron increases in monphasic biphasic triphasic etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| ehtinyl estradiol or mestranol- mestranol is m etabolized to EE |
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Term
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Definition
| irregular menstrua lbleeding ,ammenohrea, headaches, blaoting ,a nd fatigue |
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Term
| cotnious COC pill advantage |
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Definition
| cuts cycle to once every 3 months |
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Term
| natural huma nesdtrogen names |
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Definition
| e1 (estrone) , e2 (eastradiol), e3 - estriol |
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Term
| most potent human estrogen |
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Definition
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Term
| least active human estrogen |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Era: foudn in endometrium, breast cancer,ovarian celsl and hypothalamus
ErB: kidney, brain. the differnet estrogens differentiall yb ind to each receptor |
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Term
| ethinylestradiol metabolci features |
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Definition
| 17a ethinyl group as wel las 3 m rethyl groups inhibit hydroxylation and sfulation respectively, > Decreased meatbolism leads to inccreased oral bioavialbiltily |
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Term
| estrogen med contradincations |
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Definition
| MI, stroke or v eous thromboemsbolism . caution with smokers adn obese. |
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Term
| estrogen site of metabolization |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| combined oral concentrative |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| levonogesterol adverse effects |
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Definition
| nausea, abdominal pain,votmitting. DETERIOATION IN glucose tolerance, DIABETIC women need to be monitored |
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Term
| COMBINED ORAL CONCENTRATIVE adverse efects |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| anti progestin, disrupts follic ular maturaiton, mid cycle LH surge, and alter endometrium |
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Term
| ultipstail,mifepristone vs. levonogestrel/cocp timing of use |
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Definition
| uiltiprastal/m remai ne qulaly effective within time frframe, wheras levonogesterl are hte sooner hte more effective (because this one relies on inhibiting ovulation) |
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Term
| which emidcaiton also indictated for treating fibroid bleeding |
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Definition
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Term
| side effects common to al lemergency contraceptives |
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Definition
| ectorpic pregnancy increase |
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Term
| contraception/abortion for emergency contraceptives |
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Definition
| levonorgestreal and COCp will not effect while pregnant, ulipristal and mifepristone mah ahve abortive effects. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mifepristone- progestoerne recpeotr and glucoritocid recpetor antagonist, can be used through 9 weeks pregnancy (prostaglandine E1, as misprotol added later to induce uterine contraciton). |
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Term
| mifepristone abortive mechanism |
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Definition
| blocks uterine prostaglandin receptor causign decidual reakdown and deatchment ofblastocyst. this decreases hCG prodution and progesteron secretion from corpus luteum. hcg produciton down and progestone secrestion from corpus lutem down. this casuesf urhter decidual reakdown. you icnraese uterine prostaglandian and epxulsion of detached blastorcyst. |
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Term
| drug used tot reat heyeprglycemia |
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Definition
| mefipristone due to glucotiroicd receptor activity. |
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Term
| Diethylstilbesterol (DES) |
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Definition
| synthetic estrogen, origianlly used to prevent miscarragies, hwoever causes cancer andi nfertility. |
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Term
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Definition
causebreast cance in hromone replacement therapy.
caused repdocutive deformities and cacners in the children |
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Term
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Definition
be rest, avoid aspiorin/nsaids, also progesterone supplement.
unlike to do harm, hwoever no clear indication thati t works |
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Term
| predinosoloen nad misscarriage |
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Definition
| believe that tehere is aroel for uterine natural kilelr cells. prednisolone ay preent this |
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Term
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Definition
| bascially abbort it via mifepristone or misporostl |
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Term
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Definition
| hypertension- new onset, which causes peripehral edema, renal/hepatic dyfucntion and seizures. |
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Term
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Definition
| DONT use RAAS antagonists. use a-adrenecic agonists. and hydralazine for severe cases. mGso4 to prevvent seizure and saefe to use. |
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Term
| labor repressants tocolytics |
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Definition
work via relaxing smooth muscle.
B2 agonists, calcium channel blockers- nifedippine,
oxytocin antagonist.
Nsadis-
mgSo4 |
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Term
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Definition
| oxytocin antagonist, used as labor repressant. |
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Term
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Definition
| nsaid used for labor repression |
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Term
| mgso4 as labor reperssant |
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Definition
| calcium chanel blcoekr which inhibit myosin light chains |
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Term
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Definition
oxytocin,
misprostol
ergots- associated with severe side effects, but effect. |
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Term
| lactation natural process |
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Definition
| increases i estrogen produces prolactin, starting alctation process, oxytocin stimulates labor and stimualtes milk ejeciton during lactation. cobination contraceptives can be useful for this. |
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Term
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Definition
promotes lactatation, herbal galactagoggues,
pharmacolgoical: dompaine atnagonists |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| can sdimply nto stimautle the brest- medically- cabergoline- potent dopamine agonist |
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Term
| selective estergoen receptor modulator target organas |
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Definition
| beneficial efffect for bone and cv system however increased risk of breast and tuerine cancer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| tamoxsifen agonist and antoagnist effect |
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Definition
| antaognist on breast tisue parial agonist on uterine and bone tissues. |
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Term
| tamoxifen pharmacokinetics |
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Definition
| ac tive metaoblite 4 hydroyxtamoxifen. |
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Term
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Definition
| derivative of tamoxifen with simliar profertes as tamoxifen |
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Term
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Definition
| increased risk of endometrial carcinoma |
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Term
| raloxifene receptor selecitivty |
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Definition
| serm , nonsteroidral serm with estrogn actions on bone, and antiestrogenic aciotns on uterus and breast. |
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Term
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Definition
| treamtent of osteoperisis and breast cancer |
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Term
| side effects of raloxifene-tamoxifene |
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Definition
| hot flashes leg gramps increased dvt and pulmoanr yembolism |
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Term
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Definition
| pure estrogen antagonisdt |
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Term
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Definition
| met breast cancer restant to tamoxifen |
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Term
| fulvestrant adva ntage to tamoxifen |
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Definition
| laso downregulats era receptor. |
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Term
| fulcvestrant adverse effects |
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Definition
| some of the same wones as tamoxifen also crosses the PLACENTA |
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Term
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Definition
| tyep i irreversible steroids. similar to andoraestnedione. can bind to aromatase. - causign suicicdei nbhition. |
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Term
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Definition
| dfor postmenopasual women with er positive earl ybreast cancer. more effective tha ntamox |
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Term
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Definition
| operates simliar to exemstanebut no logne rused ue to poro oral bioavailbliyt. |
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Term
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Definition
| type II reversible nonsteroid aromatasei nbhitor. |
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Term
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Definition
| potmenopausal women with lcoalized er positive breast cancer, firstl ine treatmetn ofllowing tamox |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| aromatase inbhitiors only useful in postmenopausal woman |
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Definition
| useful sa an alaternative for to esterogen selectives, |
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Term
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Definition
weak androgen. inbhiitor of gonadal funciton i nthe treatemtn of endometriosis,
adverseefewfcts causel imited use. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stimualte gnrh receptors, cause intial flare decreasing lh and fsh secretion supresisng steeroidigeness |
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Term
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Definition
| advances prodstate cancer, endometriosis, and advanced bread cancer. |
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Term
| gnrh agonists adverse effects |
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Definition
| fetal harm, hypoestrogenism |
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Term
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Definition
| do not transiently icnrese sex hormones, avoiding intial flare. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inhibion of premature lh surges in women withovarianstimaultion can asl obe used for endometriosis |
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