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| led by roscoe Conkling, a faction of the Republicans between 1880 and 1900 that was more tradtitional and favored machine politics |
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| led by james g blaine, sect of reps. in 1880s to 1900 who favored reform. |
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| 1883, civil service act which required some fed. jobs to be filled by taking written test |
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| liberal republicans who switched parties to support Grover Cleveland in the 1884 election. |
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| spokesman of pretoestant ministers in NYC who called out James G Blaine and said Reps. were party of "rum, Romanism, and rebellion" in 1884 election |
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| 1890, general law which forbade monopolistic policies, but ended up being mostly used only against unions for the first 10 years. roosevelt actually used it against corportations |
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| drafter by William McKinley and Nelson Aldrich in 1890, the highest protective tariff ever at the time. ended up being very unpopular |
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| a reduction in the tariff under Grover Cleveland in 1892. ended up being very weakened by senate |
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| 1886. Ruled a "granger law" regulating railroads unconstitutional because it supposedly regulated interstate commerce, which states did not have the right to do. |
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| 1887, first regulation of RR. banned changing rates for long and shor hauls, RR had to publish rate schedules and run them by the govt. Created ICC. not well enforced for first 20 years of its existence |
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| National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry |
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| 1867, first big political farm organization. led to granger laws. |
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| 1875, NWestern Alliacne and Southern Alliance were the major ones, tried to help out farmers with cooperatives and political and marketing initiatives |
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| 1889 "merger" of NW and S farmer's alliances. essentially a party platform for the basis of the People's Party (populism). |
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| Populist presidential candidate in 1892 election. polled almost 1 mil. votes |
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| black alliances which were part of the populist movement, had 1.25 mil. people by 1890. later rejected by southern whites. |
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| ...93. Collapse of Philly and REading railorad and national cordage company caused huge recession which lasted at least in part until 1901 |
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| Ohio businessman and populist who led a march of the unemployed to washington as a reaction to the panic of 1893. people called Coxey's army. |
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| the basis of the dollar on both gold and silver (16 to 1 ratio). stopped in 1873 because of law discontinuing use of silver |
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| law discontinuing use of silver. led to too much deflation, bad for farmers/consumers. |
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| sherman silver purchase act |
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| 1890, required govt. to buy silver from merchants, but didnt make silver coinage. |
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| Ohio republican party boss. helped choose McKinley in 1896 election |
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| democratic and populist candidate in 1896 election. good orator, wanted silver coinage (cross of gold speech). ended up getting people's party to dissolve into Dems. |
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| 1896, highest tariff in american history . |
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| currency/gold standard act |
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| 1900, passed by McKinley and Reps., reaffirmed nations commitment to gold standard. |
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| advocator of imperialism and a strong navy, shown best by his book "the influence of sea power upon history" (1890) |
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| meeting of 19 American nations organized by rep. sec. of st. in 1889. international "clearinghouse of info." |
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| Hawain king who first united Hawain islands in 1810. welcomed americans. |
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| in 1840s became prime minister of Hawaii and essentially led it for a decade (under King Kamehameha III) |
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| powerful queen who attempted to kick out americans, only in power for two years stargin in 1891. |
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| known as Butcher Weyler in US, spanish general of cuban war in 1895. |
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| written by Joseph Pulitzer and William Hearst respectively, covered and hyped Cuban war |
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| leader of Cuban revolutionary party, killed in cuba in 1895. |
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| secretary of st under mckinley and roosevelt, favored spanish american war, wrote open door notes |
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| 1900, shifted from military to colonial govt. in puerto rico |
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| 1917, declared PR a US territory |
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| 1901, forced cuba to fit US into ints new constitution. left cuba only just independent. |
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| John Hay under McKinley, 1899. TO russia, england, france, germany, and japan. said to keep "door" to china open. |
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| crusading journalists who tried to expose corruption, scandal, and injustice throughout corporations and govt. in early 1900s. included Ida Tarbell (standard oil), Charles Adams Jr (RR), Lincoln Steffens (political Machine). |
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| created Hull house (1889), a model settlement house, which was a house in which volunteers (often women) helped immigrant families adapt to US. also used to mobilize immigrants politically. |
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| proposed new economic system run by engineers |
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| 1920, gave women the right to vote |
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| Initiative and Referendum |
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| proposed by populists in the 1890s, ini. allowed reformers to go aroudn state gov. and vote in general election. ref. allowed legislature to go to public for approval vote. |
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| Wisconsin governor and st. reformer elected in 1900. very progressive, initiaive, referendum, regulation, etc. |
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| The Triangle Shirtwaist Company |
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| 1911 fire in NYC, killed 146. led to more regulation of building and fire codes. |
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| black leader who advocated for equality for blacks. well educated, created Niagra Movement (started 1905) which led to NAACP in 1909. |
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| 1920, temperence. led by Anti Saloon League and Women's Christian Temperence Union (Frances Willard) |
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| Industrial Workers of the World |
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| Known as "wobblies", led by William "Big Bill" Haywood. radical labor union which was essential a socialist-like movement |
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| reformer and supreme court justice (in 1916 under Wilson). wrote "other people's money" in 1913. said govt. must regulate monopolies. |
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| United Mine Workers Strike |
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| 1902, Roosevelt intervened and gave workers some concessions and satisfied both sides. part of his presidential platoform in 1904 election("square deal") |
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| Hepburn RR Regulation Act |
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| 1906 under Roosevelt, gave govt. power to determine RR rates. |
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| 1906, restricted sale of dangerous or ineffective food and drugs. |
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| writer of "the jungle" 1906. got Roos. to pass Meat Inspection Act |
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| Roos. chief forester. helped to sieze national forests in 1907. first directiof or US Forest Service, which supported carefully managed development. |
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| leading preservationist, founder of Sierra club. |
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| cool valley in Yosemite that preservationist wanted to save but eventually was dammed to make a resevoir. |
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| Wilson's only close advisor, a colonel with no official cabinet position. |
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| Clayton Antitrust Act and Fed. Trade Comm. Act |
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| 1914, respectively break up trusts and regulate businesses. |
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| 1916, prevented shipment of child labor goods |
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| addition to Monroe doctrine, said US could intervene in domestic affairs of countries in western hemisphere if it was for the country's own good. 1904. |
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| corrupt mexican dictator who helped american business thrive. overthrown in 1910. |
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| overthrew Diaz in mexico in 1910, who seemed hostil to US. he was ousted and murdered by victoriano huerta in 1913. |
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| 1917, drafted 3 million americans |
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led army into mexico to find villa and had conflict with carranza govt. in 1916.
also lead American Expiditionary force into Europe in 1917. |
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| leader of War Industries Board in 1918. reconstructed it to do well. it was a connection between govt. and business. |
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| Espianage Act, Sabatage Act, Sedition Act |
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| 1917, 1918, 1918. Said couldn't act out and then speak out against govt. and war effort |
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| David Lloyd George, Geroges Clemenceau, Vittorio Orland |
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| leaders of GB, france, and italy. didn't concede many of Wilson's 14 points. |
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| Mass senator who blocked Wilson's efforts to pass treaty of versaille. introduced 14 reservations which wilson would not concede to. |
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| ...19. 120 people died in racial riots across the country. most notable in chicago. |
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| black nationalist, created Universal Negro Improvement Association. was popular, but then deported in 1925. |
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| communist board in russia which had to purpose of creating comm. revolutions in other countries. led to Red Scare. |
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| A. Mitchell Palmer, J. Edgar Hoover |
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| Attorney genreal and assistant, led raids on communists in 1920 to arrest 6,000. |
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