Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| # of regional spinal nerves |
|
Definition
| 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 31, originate from spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| 1st portion axillary artery |
|
Definition
lateral 1st rib to medial border p. minor
1 branch - superior thoracic a. |
|
|
Term
| 2nd portion axillary artery |
|
Definition
midial border p. minor to lateral border p. minor
2 branches -> thoracoacromial a., lateral thoracic a. |
|
|
Term
| 3rd portion axillary artery |
|
Definition
lateral border p. minor to inferior border teres major
3 branches -> anterior and posterior humeral circumflex a.s, subscapular a. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| suspensory or Cooper's ligaments, support breasts, more are the supeior portion (work against gravity), run from superficial fascia to skin, stringy fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dorsal primary rami; smaller diameter; passes posteriorly; innervates deep back muscles; receives signals for smaller patches of dorsal skin |
|
|
Term
Erb's Palsy (Erb-Duchenne Palsy)
(cause and appearance) |
|
Definition
cause: injury to superior BP, C5,6 damage
appearance: arm medially rotated, adducted shoulder, extended elbow, flexion at wrist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fall on outstretched hand, fracture surgical neck of humerus, could damage axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex a. |
|
|
Term
| GH joint capsule boundaries |
|
Definition
proximal: labrum on glenoid cavity
distal: anatomic neck of humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| created by the connection of vertebral notches an articular processes, spinal nerves exit here |
|
|
Term
Klumpke's Paralysis
(cause and appearance) |
|
Definition
cause: hyperabduction of shoulder
appearance: claw hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell bodies of parasympathetic preganglionic nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventral primary rami; larger diameter, passes anteriorly; supplies skeletal m. in trunk and upper limbs; receives signals from larger strips of lateral and anterior skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
abnormal cervical rib condition
(signs and symptoms) |
|
Definition
vascular: cool skin, weak/no pulse, white/pale skin
nervous: paresthesia, pain |
|
|
Term
| acromioclavicular (AC) joint |
|
Definition
between acromion and lateral clavicle
shoulder separation joint |
|
|
Term
| acromioclavicular ligament |
|
Definition
| bridges of GH joint, resists upward displacement of humerus, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tip of shoulder, follow spine of scapula to flat tip area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extend from sacrum base laterally, articulate with ilium this joint is how weight is transferred from spine to lower limbs; wing-like |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| narrowing of bone between head and tuberosities of humerus, distal attachment for fibrous capsule of GH joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| erect, facing forward, palms forward facing; reference point for all movement and positions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(anterior border of axilla)
pec. major and minor |
|
|
Term
| anterior compartment of arm nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
anterior compartment of forearm nerve
** needs work |
|
Definition
median
*except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of FDP |
|
|
Term
| anterior humeral circumflex a |
|
Definition
| branch of 3rd portion of axillary a, smaller of h.c. branches, passes ant. to surgical neck, joins with posterior h.c. to provide collateral supply |
|
|
Term
| anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) |
|
Definition
| attaches to and covers the anterior bodies of the vertebrae; broad and strong; extends from base of skull to sacrum; serves as splin to align iv discs and vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| para-sagittal openings in the sacrum, sacral ventral primary rami exit here |
|
|
Term
| anterior tubercle (of vertebra) |
|
Definition
| rib homolog in the typical cervical vertebrae (potential to develop into cervical rib) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inferior end of sacrum; connects with coccyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| just lateral of 1st rib, part of axillary lymph node group, collects from breast and central nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| just deep to dura, spider-webby, thin, delicate tissue; held loosely to inner surface of dura witht he pressure of subarachnoid space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of cartilage in synovial and synchondrosis joints; adapted for load bearing; devoid of nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
condylar synovial joint between superior articular facets of the atlas and the occipital condyles
flexion, extension, and lateral flexion of the head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
synovial joint between artciular faces of the atlas and axis, and the pivot joint between dens and anterior arch of atlas
rotation of the atlas and head as a unit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates body's internal environment, parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chip of bone (vertebra) that detaches with ALL during trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1st rib, clavicle, superior border of scapula |
|
|
Term
| axillary artery (begin and end) |
|
Definition
continuation of subclavian a.
begins: lateral 1st rib
ends: inferior border of teres major |
|
|
Term
| axillary lymph node group |
|
Definition
| drains 75% of lymph from breast region, consists of apical nodes, central nodes, pectoral nodes, subscapular nodes, and brachial nodes |
|
|
Term
axillary n.
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| a terminal branch of posterior cord, innervates deltoid and teres minor, contains C5,6 fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| axillary artery, axillary vein, brachial plexus, lymph and nodes, fat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deep vein of arm, near-ish axillary a. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long slender projection of neuron that delivers signal to target tissue (away from cell body) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior end of sacrum; has facets that articulate with L5 vertebra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superficial vein of arm, more medial, dumps into axillary v. |
|
|
Term
biceps brachii
(origin, insertion, nerve, actions in arm) |
|
Definition
origin: long -> supraglenoid tubercle, short -> coracoid process
insert: radial tuberosity
nerve: musculocutaneous
action: weak flexor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of axillary lymph node group, drains to central nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
continuation of axillary a.
begins: inferior border of teres major
ends: cubital fossa (bifurcates) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
forms in neck -> axilla -> arm -> forearm -> hand
orgiinates in lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (nerves C5-8, T1)
sensory and motor fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| derivative of epidermis, modified sweat gland, lots of fat, accessory organ to reproduction in females |
|
|
Term
| cancerous (maybe) lymph node characteristics |
|
Definition
| swollen, hard, fixed in place, not tendor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reinforce joint capsule in synovial joints, made of connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cartilage between skeletal elements: synchondrosis and symphysis; slight movement permitted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerve roots extending from end of cord to exit sacral formaina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| closer to souls of the feet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the neuron containing the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| just deep to p. minor, part of axillary lymph node group, drains to apical nodes, collects from breast and pectoral, subscapular and brachial nodes |
|
|
Term
| central process of sensory neuron |
|
Definition
| transmit sensory impulses to the CNS; SHORT; enters into dorsal horn of SC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superficial vein of arm, found in the deltopectoral groove, dumps into axillary v. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid that fills the subarachnoid space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elongation from anterior tubercle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branch of subscap a (branch of 3rd portion), dives toward scapula descends to inferior angle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin-walled sace at inferior of thoracic duct; convergence point for majority of lower trunk and limb lymph vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strut-like bone, attaches to scapula at superior angle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aka filumn terminale externum, extension of pia mater that exits the dura sac at S2, stabilizes spinal cord and attaches to posterior coccyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| complete transection of motor nerve |
|
Definition
| paralysis, leads to rapid atrophy |
|
|
Term
| complete transection of sensory nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| connective tissue of breast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conical end of spinal cord, occurs at L1 or L2 in adult, occurs at L3 in child/newborn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "weak", reinforces AC joints |
|
|
Term
| coracoclavicular ligament |
|
Definition
| "strong", suspends scapula and upper limb to clavicle, provides principle integrity and stability to AC joint, may be torn in severe shoulder separations, (does have two parts, don't need to know names) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crow's beak like projection on anterior of scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| horn-like projections at inferior end of sacrum, guide to identify the sacral hiatus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divides into anterior and posterior sections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with transverse process of typical thoracic vertebrae, site of attachment for rib costal tubercle |
|
|
Term
| cranial 11/spinal accessory nerve |
|
Definition
| nerve found deep of trapezius, motor to trap muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "grating" noise with joint movement, esp. knee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| further from surface or further into body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dense connective tissue, encloses muscle, very thin, like cellophane wrapping, white-ish glistening appearance |
|
|
Term
deltoid
(origin, insertion, nerve, actions in arm) |
|
Definition
origin: lateral clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
insert: deltoid tubercle on humerus
nerve:
action: ant. -> flex shoulder, post. -> extend shoulder, central -> poserful abduction (15-90) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small bump on lateral aspect of midshaft humerus, distal attachment point for deltoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tree-like stuctures on the neuron that receive signals; conduct impulses toward cell body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aka odontoid process, serves as body of C1, held in place by transverse ligament of atlas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serrated, white glistening longitudinous projections of the pia mater; separate dorsal and ventral roots; serve as "spot welds" on surface of dura to stabilized and protect cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of somite cell; future dermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area of skin supplied by single spinal nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synovial joint, free movement; i.e. shoulder, elbow, knee, ankle, hip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| further from reference point or body |
|
|
Term
divisions of trunks
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior divisions from each BP trunk; certain ones join to form the three cords |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensory nerves, both somatic and visceral; entrance zone of central processes of sensory neurons |
|
|
Term
| dorsal primary rami (DPR) |
|
Definition
| smaller, originate formthe spinal nerve, passes around posterior aspects of the vertebrae to supply deep back muscles segmentally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| comes off the dorsal surface of spinal cord; sensory nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at distal end of dorsal root, a swelling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| somatic and visceral nerve cell bodies |
|
|
Term
dorsal scapular n.
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| branches from C5 root, innervates rhomboids and levator scapulae, contains only C5 fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stand on heels, bring toes to shin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outer surface, tough mother, thickest and toughest meninge |
|
|
Term
| ectoderm (precursor to what tissues) |
|
Definition
| gives rise to nervous system, epidermis of skin, hair, nails, sweat glands |
|
|
Term
| endoderm (precursor to what tissues) |
|
Definition
| gives rise to epithelial lining fo respiratory, GU and GI systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| outside of dura but inside spinal canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| principal muscle in extesion of spine, deep to lat dorsi, three columns, not one single muscle but made of overlapping components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase angle of joint, bring back to anatomical position |
|
|
Term
| external occipital protuberance |
|
Definition
| inferior aspect of the posterior skull, nub on the bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of peripheral process for sensory neuron; mediate gneral sensations of pain, touch, temperature, pressure; (somatic afferent) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synovial joint of vertebral column between superior and inferior articular processes and notches; aka zygoapophyseal joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of base of sacrum that articulate with L5 vertebra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enclose the end of bones in synovial joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dense fibrous connective tissue between skeletal elements; i.e. sutures of skull and syndemoses; little to no movement permitted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extension of pia mater, the portion that exits the dural sac at S2, aka coccygeal ligament, attaches to coccyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| midline structure that is surrounded by nerve roots, an extension of the pia mater that attaches to coccyx after exiting sacrum; stabilizes cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduce angle of joint, bend |
|
|
Term
| floor of bicipital groove |
|
Definition
| attachment for lat. dorsi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| collection of nerve cell bodies located outside of the CNS |
|
|
Term
| glandular tissue of breast |
|
Definition
| secretes milk, contains lactiferous glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ball and socket synovial joint
more mobility, but less stability
dislocated shoulder joint
head of humerus with glenoid cavity of scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shallow, coverted in articular cartilages, articulates with head of humerus, considered lateral angle of scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell bodies of neurons; butterfly or "H" shape in the center of spinal cord; contains different "horns" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
wraps around inferior margin of the inferior oblique and up to back of scalp
DPR of C2
principle nerve supply to the posterior portion of the scalp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bump on proximal end of humerus, contains 3 facets for m. attachment |
|
|
Term
hand (palmar and dorsal)
**needs work |
|
Definition
ulnar
*except thenar group and 1/2 lumbricals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| semi-spherical, covered by cartilage, articulates with glenoid cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most lateral portion of erector spinae group
origin: iliac
insert: angles of ribs |
|
|
Term
| infected lymph node characteristics |
|
Definition
| swollen, soft, tender to touch |
|
|
Term
| inferior angle of the scapula |
|
Definition
| inferior point of scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smaller, on posterior portion of body of typical thoracic vertebra, site of rib attachment |
|
|
Term
| inferior facet of greater tuberosity |
|
Definition
| attachment for teres minor |
|
|
Term
inferior trunk
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| formed by C8 and T1 roots |
|
|
Term
| inferior/superior vertebral notch |
|
Definition
| on the edges of the pedicles, (posterior side of body), the open between these notches on adjacent vertebrae are the iv foramina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rough projection of scapula below the glenoid cavity |
|
|
Term
infraspinatus
(origin, insertion, nerve, actions in arm) |
|
Definition
origin: infraspinous fossa
insert: middle facet of greater tuberosity
nerve: surprascapular
action: strong lateral rotator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depression on posterior surface inferior to scapular spine, filled by infraspinatus, teres minor, and teres major |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerves between the ribs, branch of the VPR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arises from deep fascia, attaches to bone, separates upper limb into discrete compartments |
|
|
Term
| internal vertebral venous plexus |
|
Definition
| within extradural fat, is a network of veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of peripheral process end of sensory neuron; within internal organs and convey sensory information, i.e. ischemia, constriction, dilation; (visceral afferent) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connects spinous processes anteriorly, between each adjacent vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sulcus = groove, aka bicipital groove (lateral lip, meidal lip, and floor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| live between bodies of vertebrae; 1st is between C2 and C3, last is between L5 and sacrum; add about 25% to overall VC length |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| iv disc interpsoed between adjacent vertebra; joint of the vertebral column |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breach in anulus fibrosis causes oozing of the nucleus pulposus out into the iv foramen; can cause pressure on spinal chord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joints formed by uncinated process and inferior border of adjacent typical cervical vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| joints of upper limb/arm/shoulder |
|
Definition
| sternoclavicular, acromicoclavicular, glenohumeral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exaggerated curavture of thoracic curve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lip of fibrocartilage that attaches to the edges of the glenoid cavity, gives more depth to the cavity, fibrous joint capsule of GH joint attaches to it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arise from mammary lobes, merge together to form lactiferous sinuses, transmit milk from lobes to nipples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| merging of lactiferous ducts, stores the milk, exit through the nipple |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flat, thin plate on vertebra; pair combines posteriorly to form spinous process, connect spinous to transverse processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| further away from the midline |
|
|
Term
| lateral (axillary) border of scapula |
|
Definition
| border or side of triangle near axilla |
|
|
Term
| lateral boundary of axilla |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
lateral cord
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| formed by anterior divisions fo superior and middle trunks, contain C5,6,7 fibers, gives off lateral pectoral branch |
|
|
Term
lateral cord terminal branches
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| musculocutaneous, lateral contribution to median n. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| goes out to the skin and branches further; is a branch of the VPR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gray matter, preganglionic autonomic cell bodies; T1-L2 = sympathetic, S2-S4 parasympathetic; only located in these two regions |
|
|
Term
| lateral lip of bicipital groove |
|
Definition
| follow greater tuberosity inferior to a little ridge, attachment of pec major |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains transverse processes, transverse foramen, upper and lower articular processes for the atlas (C1) |
|
|
Term
lateral pectoral branch
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| branches off of lateral cord, innervates pec major, C5, 6, and 7 fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branche from 2nd portion axillary a, most variable in origin, descend lateral border of p. minor, supplies serratus anterior and lateral thoracic wall |
|
|
Term
| lateral/external rotation |
|
Definition
| anterior moved to face lateral |
|
|
Term
latissimus dorsi
(origin, insertion, nerve, actions in arm) |
|
Definition
origin: lower 6 T, all L, thoracolumar fascia
insert: floor of bicipital groove
nerve: thoracodorsal
action: extend, adduct, medial rotate |
|
|
Term
latissimus dorsi
(as superficial back muscle) |
|
Definition
latissimus refers to broad, thoracolumbar fascia attaches lat. dorsi to the lower vertebrae
origin: spinous processes T7-T12, L1-L5, posterior sacrum, iliac crest
insert: proximal humerus |
|
|
Term
| layers passed in lumbar puncture |
|
Definition
| skin, superficial fascia, thoracolumbar fascia, intrspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, extradural fat, dura mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space --> CSF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin: transverse processes C1-C4
insert: superior angle of scapula
just deep: dorsal scapular nerve, art, vein |
|
|
Term
| levator scapulae movements in scapulothoracic joint |
|
Definition
| elevates scapula, downward rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connects anterior surface of laminae of the vertebrae, lines the intervertebral foramen; yellow-ish elastic type of connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| midline, shelf-like structure; made of connective tissue; serves as attachment for muscles; posterior to cervical vertebrae and connects the spinous processes of the 7 |
|
|
Term
| list of bones of upper limb |
|
Definition
| sternum, clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phlanges |
|
|
Term
long thoracic n.
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| formed by branches from C5-8 nerve roots, innervates serratus anterior, travels with lateral thoracic artery, contains fibers from C5-8 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the middle column of the erector spinae group; not most medial and not most lateral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exaggerated curvature of lumbar or cervical curves |
|
|
Term
lower scapular n.
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| branches off of posterior cord, innervate subscapularis and teres major |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| needle between L3/L4 or L4/L5, L4 is along plane connecting iliac crests; used to rule in/out infections/conditions of spinal cord or to inject dye/drugs to spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| typically clear and watery, can include foreign particles and malignant cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of circulatory system, plays role in CA metastasis, functions to: drain excess ECF, mounts immune response, transports fat and large proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumulation of interstitial fluid as a result of improper lymph drainage (due to node removal or other source) |
|
|
Term
| m. in depression of scapulothoracic jt. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| m. in downward roation of scapulothoracic jt. |
|
Definition
"brings lateral scap angle down"
rhomboids, levator scapulae |
|
|
Term
| m. in elevation of scapulothoracic jt. |
|
Definition
| trapezius (descending), levator scapulae |
|
|
Term
| m. in protraction of scapulothoracic jt. |
|
Definition
"moving foward, reaching"
serratus anterior |
|
|
Term
| m. in retraction of scapulothoracic jt. |
|
Definition
"squaring shoulders"
trapezius (transverse), rhomboids |
|
|
Term
| m. in upward rotation of scapulothoracic jt. |
|
Definition
"brings lateral scap angle upward"
descending and ascending trap, serratus anterior |
|
|
Term
| m. of scapulothoracic joint |
|
Definition
| trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae, serratus anterior |
|
|
Term
| m. used in abduction of GH joint |
|
Definition
| supraspinatus (1st 15 deg.) central deltoid (15-90 deg.) |
|
|
Term
| m. used in adduction of GH joint |
|
Definition
| pec major, lat. dorsi, teres major |
|
|
Term
| m. used in extension of GH joint |
|
Definition
| posterior deltoid, lat. dorsi, teres major, triceps, pec major |
|
|
Term
| m. used in flexion of GH joint |
|
Definition
| anterior deltoid, pec major, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis |
|
|
Term
| m. used in lateral rotation of GH joint |
|
Definition
| infraspinatus, teres minor |
|
|
Term
| m. used in medial rotation of GH joint |
|
Definition
| pec major, lat. dorsi, teres major, subscapularis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 15-20 in each breast, responsible for making milk, contain lactiferous ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medial (vertebral) border of scapula |
|
Definition
| border or side of triangle near vertebral column and midline |
|
|
Term
medial antebrachial cutaneous n.
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| branches off of median cord, GSA only, innervate forearm skin |
|
|
Term
| medial boundary of axilla |
|
Definition
| lateral thoracic wall, serratus anterior |
|
|
Term
medial brachial cutaneous n.
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| branches off of median cord, GSA only, innervate upper arm skin |
|
|
Term
| medial lip of biciptal groove |
|
Definition
| follow lesser tuberosity inferior to a little ridge, attachmen of teres major |
|
|
Term
medial pectoral n.
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| branches off of median cord, innervates pec minor and major |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anterior moved to face medial |
|
|
Term
median cord
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| formed by anterior division of inferior trunk, contains C8 and T1 fibers, gives off medial pectoral n, and medial brachial & antebrachial cutaneous n.s |
|
|
Term
median cord terminal branches
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| median contribution to median n., ulnar n. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| terminal branch for medial and lateral cords, innervates anterior compartment (flexors) of forearm and some hand muscles, contains C5-T1 fibers |
|
|
Term
| median n. (sensory innervation) |
|
Definition
| palmar surface of skin of lateral 3.5 digits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divides into right and left sections; midline is called mid-sagittal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superficial v. of arm, easily accessed for blood draw, connects cephalic and basilic v. distally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dura, arachnoid,and pia maters |
|
|
Term
| mesoderm (precursor to what tissues) |
|
Definition
| gives rise to muscle, bone, connective tissue, blood, gonads, kidneys, cartilage (structural things) |
|
|
Term
| middle facet of greater tuberosity |
|
Definition
| attachment for infraspinatus |
|
|
Term
middle trunk
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| formed by continuation of C7 root |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmit impulses away from CNS to various parts of the body; multipolar, variable # of dendrites; have single axon |
|
|
Term
| movements permitted in scapulothoracic joint |
|
Definition
| elevation, depression, protractioni, retraction, upward and downward rotation |
|
|
Term
musculocutaneous n.
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| a terminal branch of lateral cord, innervates anterior compartment (flexors) of upper arm, fibers from C5, 6, and 7 |
|
|
Term
| musculocutaneous n. (sensory innervation) |
|
Definition
| skin of anterolateral aspect of forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of somite cell; future muscles; migrate posteriorly to back --> deep back muscles; move into turnk and limbs --> trunk and limb muscles; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mass of skeletal muscle innervated by single spinal nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| edges of the neural folds; differentiate and detach from surface ectoderm, migrate throughout tissue and body of embryo, produce a lot of important structures, aka 4th germlayer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thickening of ectoderm that proliferates and build up, elevates off surface of developing embryo; eventually fused to form the neural tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed by thicken ectoderm layer in embryo; is precursor to CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functional and anatomic unit of the nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cirucular and logitudinal smooth muscle fibers, contains lactiferous sinuses |
|
|
Term
| normal lymph node characteristics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| midline mass, collectionof mesodermal cells; induces development of ectoderm to form neural tube; helps/is involved in the development of the vertebral bodies, most of it regresses, the parts that remain become the nucleus pulposus of the iv discs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gel-like interior of iv disc, colloidal, highly hydrated, was formed by notochord tissue |
|
|
Term
obliquus capitis inferior
(origin, insertion, nerve, action) |
|
Definition
origin: spine of axis
insert: transverse process of atlas
nerve: suboccipital
action: extends, rotates, and flexes head laterally |
|
|
Term
obliquus capitis superior
(origin, insertion, nerve, action) |
|
Definition
origin: transverse process of atlas
insertion: occipital bone above inferior nuchal line
nerve: suboccipital
action: extends and rotates head laterally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posteo-inferior portion of skull; trapezoidal in shape and curved on itself |
|
|
Term
| openings of GH joint capsule |
|
Definition
bicipital groove for tendon of long head of biceps
medial opening for subtendinous bursa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reactive hypertrophic bony changes; bony spurs created in agitation to bone due to cartilage damage, wear, or destruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parasternal lymph node group |
|
Definition
| drains 25% of breast lymph, located parasagittal between ribs, dumps to right subclavian nodes which dump to right thoracic trunk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of blood to the sensory nerve; "fallen asleep" feelling, pins and needles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two of them form the sides and roof of the skull, roughly quadrilateral in form, and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pectoral (anterior) nodes |
|
Definition
| located on lateral thoracic cage, part of the axillary lymph node group, drains to central nodes |
|
|
Term
pectoralis major
(origin, insertion, nerve, actions in arm) |
|
Definition
origin: clavicle, sternocostal border (abdomen)
insert: lateral lip of bicipital groove
nerve:
action: flex, abduct, adduct, medial rotates |
|
|
Term
| pectoralis major (head actions) |
|
Definition
together: adduct arm, medially/laterally rotate arm
sternocostal: extends a flexed arm
clavicular: flexes an extended arm |
|
|
Term
pectoralis minor
(origin, insertion, nerve, function) |
|
Definition
origin: ribs 3-5
insert: coracoid process
nerve: medial pectoral n
function: stabilizes scapula, depresses shoulder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| little feet, visible in lateral view of vertebra, connects body and transverse processes, plays role in intervertebral joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| looks like an insulated wire from within which smaller insulated wires branch (multiple function fiber types); deliver motor and receive sensory |
|
|
Term
| peripheral process of sensory neuron |
|
Definition
| seves as a dendrite or specialized receptor ending; LONG; three types: exteroreceptor, proprioceptor, interoreceptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| covers surfaces of the CNS parts; inseparable from cord surface, intimately applied; forms the denticulate ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stand on toes, toes away from shin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(posterior border of axilla)
subscapularis, lat. dorsi, teres major |
|
|
Term
| posterior compartment of arm nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior compartment of forearm nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
posterior cord
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| formed by posterior divisions of superior, middle and inferior trunks, contains C5-8 and T1 fibers, gives of upper and lower scapular n and thoracodorsal n |
|
|
Term
posterior cord terminal branches
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior humeral circumflex a |
|
Definition
| branch of 3rd portion of axillary a, large of h.c. branches, courses with radial nerve posterior around surgical neck, joins with anterior h.c. to provide collateral supply |
|
|
Term
| posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) |
|
Definition
| splints posterior body of vertebrae and iv discs; thinner, narrower, and not as strong as ALL; does not completely cover post of iv discs --> weakness (herniation) |
|
|
Term
| posterior sacral foramina |
|
Definition
| para-sagittal openings in sacrum, sacral dorsal primary rami exit here |
|
|
Term
| posterior tubercle (atlas) |
|
Definition
| midline bump on posterior tip of atlas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| born with and persist in adulthood; open anteriorly, thoracic and sacral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forearm: palms face posteriorly, radius crosses ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of peripheral process ending in sensory neuron; in muscles ligaments, joint capsules; provides body its sens of position; (somatic afferent) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| closer to reference point or to body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bifurcate of brachial a., follows radius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a terminal branch of posterior cord, innervates posterior compartment (extensors) of upper arm and forearm, travels through spiral groove, contains fibers from C5-T1 |
|
|
Term
| radial n. (sensory innervation) |
|
Definition
| skin of posterior and inferolateral arm, posterior forearm, and dorsum of hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radiculo = nerve root --> nerve root disease |
|
|
Term
rectus capitis posterior major
(origin, insertion, nerve, action) |
|
Definition
origin: spine of axis
insert: lateral portion of inferior nuchal line
nerve: subocciptial
action: extends, rotates, and flexes head laterally |
|
|
Term
rectus capitis posterior minor
(origin, insertion, nerve, action) |
|
Definition
origin: posterior tubercle of atlas
insert: occipital bone below inferior nuchal line
nerve: suboccipital
action: extends and flexes head laterally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behind the breast and superficial to the muscles, loose CT plane, allows for movement of breast on the pectoral fascia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin: spinous processes T2 to T5
insert: medial border below spine of scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin: spinous processes of C7 and T1
insert: root of spine of scapula (on medial border) |
|
|
Term
| rhomoids' movements in scapulothoracic joint |
|
Definition
| retract scapula, downward rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| posterior extension of rib that articulates with costal facet of transverse process of matching rib number |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of axial skeleton, form thoracic structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drains R head, R neck, R upper limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rami of spinal nerves C5-8 and T1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allows spinal cord and meninges to pass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| filled with fatty tissue, filumn terminale externum exits at its inferior end |
|
|
Term
| sacral ventral primary rami |
|
Definition
| exit from anterior sacral foramina |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| triangular shape bone made of fused vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed by scalenus anterior and scalenus medius attaching to 1st rib, trunks of BP and axillary a. pass through here to axilla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| should blade structure, triangle shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral portion of superior border of scapula, bridged over by superior transverse ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "fake", interface between subscapularis and rib cage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of somite cell; hard tissue precursors; move toward notochord and neural tube --> form boney shell around |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lateral curvature; crooked back; asymmetry, uneven should or hip elevation; rib hump with rotation element |
|
|
Term
| secondary curves of spine |
|
Definition
| develop after birth; open posteriorly, cervical (4 months), lumbar (12-18months) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stout muscle near midline in suboccipital region, forms furrow on the back side of neck
attaches to occipital bone, fibers run vertically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmit impulses from body (internal and external stimuli) toward CNS; pseudounipolar neurons; has cell body and single process structurally/electrically similar to an axon that is divided into peripheral process and central process |
|
|
Term
serratus anterior
(origin, insertion, nerve) |
|
Definition
origin: upper 8 or 9 anterior medial ribs
insert: inferior angle of scapula
nerve: long thoracic |
|
|
Term
| serratus anterior movements in scapulothoracic joint |
|
Definition
| protracts scapula, upward rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dislocation of AC joint, caused by glow to the tip of shoulder, pushes acromion inferiorly, can stretch/tear the coracoclavicular ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| innervate/supply skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates body's external environment, "soma" = body; advises body of position and permits/causes movement through space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| just lateral to notochord during organogenesis, block-like structures of mesodermal cells, 42-44 pairs formed (some disappear) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general term for neural tube defects involving the spinal region; "cleft vertebra"; most can be prevented by use of folic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of vertebral arch leads to herniation of iv disc to form a extra dermal area of the dura sac that does not contain neural tissue, aka spina bifida cystica |
|
|
Term
| spina bifida meningomyelocele |
|
Definition
| lack of vertebral arch leads to herniation of iv disc to form an extradermal area of the durac sace that does contain neural tissue (SC) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unfused vertebral arch leads to tuft of hair on skin external to location of defect |
|
|
Term
| spina bifida rachischisis |
|
Definition
| neural tube does not close at all, spina lcord exposed to external environment, sever motor and sensory loss below affected area, usually in the lumbosacral area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| junction of dorsal and ventral roots, exits spinal canal via iv foramen to peripheral, gives rise to dorsal and ventral primary rami, "mixed nerve" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most medial portion of erector spinae group
origin: sacrum
insert: high spinous processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ridge felt on shoulder bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serves as lever when muscles attach, extends posteriorly on vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ski jump bump as follow down midline from external occipital protuberance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| around midshaft on posterior humerus, aka radial groove, transmits radial nerve and deep brachial artery, attachment point guide of lateral (above) and medial (below) head of triceps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin: lower half of ligamentum nuchae to the T1-T6 spinous processes
insert: base of skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin: lower half of ligamentum nuchae to the T1-T6 spinous processes
insert: transverse processes of C1-C4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bandage-like, help to extend neck (flex bilaterally) and bend neck (contract unilaterally) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pivot joint
strongly bound anteriorly to 1st rib by costoclavicular ligament
medial end of clavicle with upper part of sternum (manubrium)
pretty stable
sharp anterior blow can cause posterior displacement (can injure trachea) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| principle flexor of cervical vertebrae, fibers run diagonally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of axial skeleton, anterior connection of ribs |
|
|
Term
| subacromial/subdeltoid bursae |
|
Definition
| can see from superior view, betweens surpaspinatus and acromion/deltoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separates the pia and arachnoid maters, cerebrospinal fluid fills the space |
|
|
Term
| subclavian a. (supplies...) |
|
Definition
| supplies neck, part of back and upper limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deep vein of arm, near-ish to subclavian a. |
|
|
Term
subclavius n.
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| branches off of superior trunk, innervates subclavius m., contains C5 & 6 fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
derived from dorsal ramus of C1
emerges between the vertebral artery and atlas
also found in floor of suboccipital triangle |
|
|
Term
| subscapular (posterior) nodes |
|
Definition
| part of the axillary lymph node group, drains to central nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branch of 3rd portion of axillary a, one of largest branche of ax a, 2 subbranches -> circumflex scapular a and thoracodorsal a |
|
|
Term
subscapularis
(origin, insertion, nerve, actions in arm) |
|
Definition
origin: subscapular fossa
insert: lesser tuberosity
nerve: upper and lower subscapular
action: abduction, internal rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protects subscapularis m. asit crosses the neck of the scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| closer to surface or to the skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loose subcutaneous connective tissue, immediately deep to dermis, variable in thickness b/c of fat amounts, contains superficial vessels and nerves |
|
|
Term
| superior angle of scapula |
|
Definition
| superior point of scapula, located medially |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| larger, on posterior portion of body of typical thoracic vertebra, site of rib attachment matches # of rib |
|
|
Term
| superior facet of greater tuberosity |
|
Definition
| attachment for supraspinatus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branch from 1st portion axillary a., sometimes called "supreme", dives between 1st and 2nd ribs to supply intercostal space |
|
|
Term
| superior transverse scapular ligament |
|
Definition
| bridges over scapular notch, suprascapular artery over, suprascapular nerve under |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| C5 and C6 roots merge to form, suprascapular and subclavius nerves branch from here |
|
|
Term
| superior/inferior articular facet |
|
Definition
| back side of articular process of vertebra |
|
|
Term
| superior/inferior articular processes |
|
Definition
| superior/inferior projections where laminae and pedicles of vertebra meet; articulate with the opposing processes of adjacent vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rough small projection from lateral scapula along superior edge of glenoid cavity, point of attachment for tendon of long head biceps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| goes over the superior transverse ligament, supplies supraspinatus muscle, passes around groove on later aspect of the scapular spine to reach the infraspinatus muscle |
|
|
Term
suprascapular n.
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| branches from superior trunk, innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus, contains C5 and C6 fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| goes under the superior transverse scapular ligament, supplies supraspinatus m., passes around groove on lateral aspect of the scapular spine to reach the infraspinatus muscle |
|
|
Term
supraspinatus
(origin, insertion, nerve, actions in arm) |
|
Definition
origin: supraspinous fossa
insert: superior facet of greater tuberosity
nerve: suprascapular
action: initiates abduction (0-15), pull humeral head into glenoid cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depression on posterior surface superior to scapular spine, filled by supraspinatus muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connects spinous processes posteriorly, along "spine", ligamentum nuchae is part of this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| just inferior to tuberosities of humerus, narrowing of bone to form shaft, axilllary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery passes posterior to this, FOOSH fracture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrocartilage between skeletal elements; i.e. iv discs and pubic symphsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-synovial joints: fibrous and cartilaginous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hyaline/articular cartilage between skeletal elements; i.e. epiphyseal growth plates @ end of long bones, allows bones to grow length-wise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slippery fluid in synovial joint; reduces friction in movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produces synovial fluid for diarthoses; does not cover cartilage, only bone and joint capsule |
|
|
Term
teres major
(origin, insertion, nerve, actions in arm) |
|
Definition
origin: inferior angle of scapula
insert: medial lip of bicipital groove
nerve: lower subscapular
action: extend, adduct, medial |
|
|
Term
teres minor
(origin, insertion, nerve, actions in arm) |
|
Definition
origin: lateral boder of scapula
insert: inferior facet of greater tuberosity
nerve: axillary
action: lateral rotator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drains everything besides right head, neck, and limb; connected to the cisterna chyli |
|
|
Term
| thoracoacromial a. (trunk) |
|
Definition
| branch from 2nd portion of axillary a., trunk because has for subbranches -> acromial a, deltoid a, clavicular a, pectoral a |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branch of subscap a (branch of 3rd portion), runs with thoracodorsa n, supplies lat. doris, descends to inferior angle of scapula as well |
|
|
Term
thoracodorsal n.
(as part of BP) |
|
Definition
| branches off of posterior cord, innervates lat dorsi, runs with thoracodorsal a |
|
|
Term
| tissues formed from neural crests |
|
Definition
| sensory sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, connective tissue and bones of face and skull, pigment cells, parafolicular cells in thyroid, conotruncal septum in heart, adrenal medulla, dermis on face and neck, odontoblasts (dentin of teeth) |
|
|
Term
| transverse cervical artery/vein |
|
Definition
| artery and vein found deep of trapezius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vertebral artery passes through this in typical cervical vertebrae, laterally located hole |
|
|
Term
| transverse ligament of atlas |
|
Definition
| holds dens of C2 (axis) in position with respect to C1 (atlas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| serve as levers when muscles attach, located where pedicle and laminae meet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| divides into superior and inferior sections; a lot of CT scans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deep to erector spinae group, between spinous and transverse processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin: external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae (C1-C7), T1-T12
insert: spine and acromion of scapula and lateral 1/3 of clavicle
just deep: transverse cervical artery/vein, cranial nerve 11 (spinous accessory nerve) |
|
|
Term
| trapezius movement in scapulothoracic joint |
|
Definition
descending fibers - elevates scapula, upward rotation
transverse fibers - retract scapula
ascending fibers - depress scapula, upward rotation |
|
|
Term
triceps brachii
(origin, insertion, nerve, actions in arm) |
|
Definition
origin: long-> infraglenoid tubercle, lateral -> posteior crest of > tubercle, medial -> medial posterior midshaft (below spiral groove)
insert: olecranon
nerve: radial
action: extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior, middle and inferior; distal to roots, dorsal scapular nerve and long thoracic nerves branch from here |
|
|
Term
| typical cervical vertebrae |
|
Definition
| C3-C6, forker or bifid spinous process, more triangular and large vertebral foramen, post/ant tubercles, transverse foramen (vertebral atery), uncinated processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bifurcate of brachial a., follows ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a terminal branch for medial cord, innervates intrinsic muscles and lateral 1.5 digits, contains C7-T1 fibers |
|
|
Term
| ulnar n. (sensory innervation) |
|
Definition
| palmar surface of skin of medial 1.5 digits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| up-turned lips on body of typical cervical vertebrae |
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Term
upper scapular n.
(as part of BP) |
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Definition
| branches off of posterior cord, innervates subscapularis |
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Term
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Definition
| cell bodies of somatic motor neurons; exit zone for visceral efferent neuron axons, innervates the skeletal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
| axons from somatic motor and preganglionic autonomic nerves (axons), somatic and visceral motor fibers, comes off ventral portion of SC |
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Term
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Definition
| C7's long spinous process, ski jump landmark on neck |
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Term
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Definition
| roof of vertebral foramen on vertebra |
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Term
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Definition
sits in a groove just above posterior arch of atlas
travels anteriorly through transverse
foramina of the cervical vertebrae (C6-1)
also found in floor of suboccipital triangle |
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Term
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Definition
| part of axial skeleton, made up of vertebrae, intervertebral discs, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| internal and external, interconnection of veins, extends from base of skull to pelvic region, drains blood from VC and SC, veins lack valves |
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Term
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Definition
| innervate/supply smooth & cardiac muscle and glands |
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Term
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Definition
| peripheral of SC, myelinated (fatty covering); sensory and motor innervation up and down spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| results form severed long thoracic n., serratus anterior m. no long hold scapula to the rib cage, also can't elevate arm beyond horizontal |
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