Term
| The biliary system is intimately associated with the |
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Definition
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Term
| the biliary system consists of |
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Definition
| the gallbladder acting as a reservoir for bile, and the ducts that drain the liver of bile. |
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Term
| the basic function of the biliary system is to |
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Definition
| drain the liver of bile and to store the bile until it is needed to aid digestion |
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Term
| the gallbladder concentrates the bile by |
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Definition
| secreting mucus and absorbing water |
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Term
| what is located on the posteroinferior portion of the right lobe of the liver where the gallbaldder is situated |
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Definition
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Term
| when a gallbladder is totally enclosed by the liver tissue it is called |
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Definition
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Term
| with the patient supine the GB can be found just at the inferior lobe of the |
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Definition
| right lobe of the liver, when the pat is turned on their side, it may shift closer to the midline |
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Term
| where the intrahepatic ducts join at the liver hilum, also called porta hepatis to form the |
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Definition
| biliary duct or common duct. |
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Term
| what is the proximal portion of the Cd known as |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the distal portion of the Cd known as |
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Definition
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Term
| how far does the CHD extend to |
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Definition
| inferiorly form the liver hilum to the level of the gallbladder neck, where it meets the cystic duct. It is anterior to the right portal ven and proper hepatic artery |
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Term
| where does the cystic duct connect to on the gallbladder |
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Definition
| to the CHD , its job is to direct the flow of bile it receives from the CHD directly into the GB |
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Term
| from its origin at the level of the junction of the CHD and cystic duct the ______ runs inferiorly along the right border of the lesser omentum, passes posterior to the first portion of the duodenum; passes throught or lies on the back of the posteriolateral portion of the pancreas head |
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Definition
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Term
| The common bile duct enters; |
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Definition
| the posteromedial aspect of the descending portion of the duodenum and terminates |
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Term
| what lies anterior and slightly right lateral to the main portal vein and right lateral to the proper and common hepatic arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| the part of the CBD superior tot he duodenum is the |
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Definition
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Term
| the ifraduodenal portion of the CBD either joins the pancreatic duct to form a single duct or remains separate and enters the |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the muscle sheath known as that surrounds the CBD at the ampulla of Vater |
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Definition
| the sphincter of Oddi or Oddi's muscle |
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Term
| what is the job of the sphincter of Oddi |
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Definition
| it aids in regulating bile flow |
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Term
| what is the normal legnth of the GB in a proper fasting state |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the normal diameter of the GB |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| approx 40ml of bile (roughly 8 tsp) |
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Term
| how thick are the walls of the GB |
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Definition
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Term
| name the ducts that carry bile |
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Definition
| hepatic, biliary, cystic and CBD |
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Term
| what is the gateway thru which blood is returned from the GI tract |
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Definition
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Term
| the veins drain from the GI ; |
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Definition
| the spleen , pancreas and GB |
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Term
| what supplies the GB and the liver |
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Definition
| the proper hepatic artery, the cystic may on occasion. |
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Term
| what is the diameter of the cystic duct |
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Definition
| approx 3mm, the length varies ranging from 1.0-3.5 cm |
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Term
| what is the range of poss length of the CBd |
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Definition
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Term
| venous drainage of the GB is by way of the |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the term used to describe venous blood that passes through two capillary exchange system before reaching heart |
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Definition
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Term
| from its origin at the level of the junction of the CHD and cystic duct the ______ runs inferiorly along the right border of the lesser omentum, passes posterior to the first portion of the duodenum; passes throught or lies on the back of the posteriolateral portion of the pancreas head |
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Definition
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Term
| the lumen of the cystic duct contains a series of mucosal folds called |
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Definition
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Term
| In the cystic duct there is no flow control or valve |
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Definition
| bile flows freely in both directions through the cystic duct |
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Term
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Definition
| liver and carried to the gastrointestinal system by the biliary tract |
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Term
| When closed the sphincter of Oddi forces the Gb to fill with |
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Definition
| bile, it regulates the passage of bile into the duodenum and prevents reflux |
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Term
| When fats and amino acids are ingested the duodenal mucosa releases |
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Definition
| the duodenal cholecystokinin (CCK)a peptide hormaone that stimulates the GB to contract and the sphincter of Oddi to relax increasing bile production |
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Term
| The sonographic appearance of a longitudinal section of the normal , disteded GB is that of an |
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Definition
| anechoic or nearly anechoic pear-shaped structure with thin, bright walls in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen |
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Term
| It is important to identify whether the GB is distended or not, a nonfasting patient will not have a distended GB with that it may |
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Definition
| be mistaken for bowel or pathology |
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Term
| the walls of the GB are well defined, regular and echo-dense, especially when the GB |
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Definition
| is distended, in the empty state the walls are thicker and may appear more irregular |
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Term
| name the 4 landmarks that may be helpful in locating the GB |
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Definition
| portal vein , right kidney,, duodenum and main lobar fissure |
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Term
| from its origin posterior to the pancreas neck, the longitudinal main portal vein can be followed as it coursed toward the liver, it will reveal |
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Definition
| the GB just inferior to the level of the right portal vein branch |
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Term
| what are floating gallstones (protruding masses from the inner wall of the Gb) |
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Definition
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Term
| a small sacculation (outpouching) may be seen in some patients in the area of the gallbladder neck it has been called |
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Definition
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Term
| non visualization of the Gb may occur for a number of reasons |
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Definition
| never developed (agenesis)which is rare, a small tubelike GB may appear as bile duct and be missed on sonography |
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Term
| in an axial plane section s from together, the extrahepatic portal triad to become what is known as the |
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Definition
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Term
| specific applications of sonsgraphic examination of the biliary system are |
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Definition
| possible obsturciton of biliary ductal system, presence of stones in the GB (cholelithiasis), presence of stones in the ductal system (choledocholithiasis) |
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Term
| variations in GB shape are very common list some possibilities |
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Definition
| bilobed: hourglass shaped, septeated: or more internal divisions tend to be associated with cholelithiasis and also makes it difficult to identify. folded: may be folded into any of several shapes, Phrygian cap: most common variation, partially folded on to itself so it appears like a phrygian cap worn by the early Roman freed slaves |
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Term
| list congenital abnormalities |
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Definition
| floating GB, low position in abdomen. hypoplasia: underdevelopment, agenesis, complete failure to develop. duplicated GB : with or without duplication of the cystic duct |
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Term
| a common variation in the extrahepatic ducts is |
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Definition
| choledochal or choledochus cyst. The types are congenital cystic dilation, intraduaodenal and congenital diverticulum , the first is the most common |
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