Term
| Features of Thoracic Vertebra |
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Definition
1. 12 of them
2. laminae overlap
3. spines are long and slender and directed inferiorly
4. costal facets: 2 on postero-lateral side of body and 1 on each transverse process (connect with ribs) |
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Term
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Definition
1. long, thin, C-shaped
2. head
3. neck
4. tubercle
5. body with angle
6. articular facets
7. costal groove |
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Term
| Typical Ribs vs Atypical Ribs |
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Definition
1. 2-9 are typical
2. 1, 10, 11, and 12 are atypical |
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Term
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Definition
| bar of hyaline cartilage attached to anterior part of rib--costochondral joint |
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Term
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Definition
1. most common major trauma-induced thoracic injury
2. Can cause intrathoracic injury especially 1st rib |
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Term
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Definition
1. plane-type synovial joints
2. joints of head of rib: atypical articulate with vertebra of same number and one above; atypical articulate only with vertebra of same number
3. costotransverse joint: articulation between articular facet of tubercle with costal facet of transverse process of same numbered vertebra
4. 11th and 12th do not have costotransverse joints |
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Term
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Definition
1. manubrium (jugular, costal, clavicular notches)
2. body
3. xiphoid process |
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Term
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Definition
1. sternoclavicular joints
2. manubriosternal joint (sternal angle)
3. xiphisternal joint (ossifies)
4. sternocostal joints (2nd throu 7th)
*1st is a primary cartilaginous joint |
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Term
| Clinical Notes for Sternum |
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Definition
1. sternal fracture
2. contusion
3. median sternotomy
4. sternal biopsy |
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Term
| Anterior articulations of ribs |
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Definition
1. true ribs--1 thru 7-->sternocostal joints
2. false ribs--8-10-->interchondral joints
3. ribs 11 and 12 have no anterior artic. (floating) |
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Term
| Posterior articulations of ribs |
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Definition
1. rib-to vertebra:head of ribs and costotransverse joints
2. vertebra to vertebra: intervertebral discs and facet (zygapophyseal) |
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Term
| Features of thoracic cage |
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Definition
1. cone shaped
2. tallest dimension is posterior
3. flattened from front to back
4. ribs descend from posterior to anterior
5. 11 intercostal spaces
6. superior thoracic aperture (T1 vertebra, 1st ribs, and manubrium)
7. inferior thoracic aperture (12th vertebra, 12th thru 7 ribs, xiphoid process)
8. costal margins (7th thru 10th ribs)
9. sternal angle |
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Term
| Clinical Notes for Thoracic Cage |
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Definition
1. thoracic wall plasticity
2. slipping ribs
3. extra ribs(lumbar and cervical)
4. thoracic outlet syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
1. external
2. internal
3. innermost
* Function to draw ribs together, maintain structural integrity, protect underlying viscera |
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Term
| Clinical Notes for intercostal muscles |
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Definition
1. thoracotomy
2. flail chest |
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Term
| Nerves of thoracic cavity |
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Definition
1. intercostal nerve: anterior rami of T1 through T11, transverse space in costal groove
a. sympathetic, muscular, cutaneous, sensory to mammary
b. 1-6 end cutaneously; 7-11 go to abdominal cavity
2. subcostal nerve-anterior ramus of T12
3. posterior rami of T1-T12: sensory and muscular to mid back region |
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Term
| Blood supply to thoracic wall |
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Definition
1. poster intercostal arteries: 1/IC space, from descending aorta, supply to intercostal muscles, upper limb muscles and skin, mammary glands
2. anterior intercostal arteries: 1/IC space, anastomsis with posterior ICA, shorter in length less blood supply, upper 6 from internal thoracic arteries, lower 5 from musculophrenic arteries
3. posterior intercostal veins: drain into azygos veins
4. anterior intercostal veins: drain into internal thoracic or musculophrenic veins |
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Term
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Definition
1. superficial: lymph from structures not anatomically part of chest wall (muscles of limns, skin, mammary glands), flows to axillary nodes
2. deep: lymph from structures part of chest wall (intercostal muscles), flows to parasternal and intercostal lymph nodes |
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Term
| Clinical Notes for Lymph Nodes |
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Definition
| parasternal lymph nodes--mammary gland drainage--breast cancer |
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Term
| General Features of Diaphragm |
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Definition
1. comprised of striated muscle and CT
2. principle muscle in quiet respiration
3. change pressure of abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
1. muscular part: sternal, costal, lumbar (medial and lateral arcuate ligaments for psoas major and quadratus lumborum, left and right crura)
2. central tendon
3. contour of diaphragm--two domes, right higher than left, looks like J |
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Term
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Definition
1. aortic: T12, descending thoracic aorta, thoracic duct, behind diaphragm
2. esophageal: T10, formed by right crus, esophagus and vagus nerve
3. caval foramen: T8, inferior vena cava, within central tendon |
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Term
| Clinical Notes for Hiatuses of Diaphragm |
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Definition
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Term
| Neurovascular Supply of Diaphragm |
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Definition
1. right and left phrenic nerves (C3, C4, C5)
2. Arterial sources include pericardiacophrenic arteries, lower intercostal arteries, superior and inferior phrenic arteries |
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Term
| Clinical Notes for Neurovascular supply of diaphragm |
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Definition
1. paralysis of phrenic nerves
2. diaphragmatic pacing
3. phrenic nerve block |
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