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| Found the Minoan Civ in minos |
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| Generally translated as “city-state” it was the basic politiacal and institutional unit of Greece |
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| An elevated point within a city on which stood temples, altars, public monuments and various decorations for the gods of polis. |
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| found the treasure of Priam found troy in western turkey |
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| heavily armed infantry man who was the backbone of the greek army |
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| greatest of all the cities found and mask of agamenmnon |
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| a resident alien who do not have citizens rights in their polis |
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| the Spartan men “men of equal” |
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| the fall of the Minoan and mycenaen civilizations a period of poverty and disruption |
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| state slaves of the Spartans from Messenians |
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| Herodotus, the Father of History |
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| wrote the account of the greeks defeating the Persians |
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| Persia was trying to expand and the greeks held them off |
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| tells the history of the Peloponnesian war, Athens in the Age of Pericles and After Sparta brings Athens to defeat. He talks about the cause of the war and Athens peak. |
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| Peloponnesian War (*Sparta vs.*Athens) |
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| Sparta was afraid of the Athenian democracy speading so they fought each had allies while some city states were nutral. Sparta won the war. |
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| is an indirect form of imperial dominance in which the hegemon (leader state) rules sub-ordinate states by the implied means of power rather than direct military force |
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| A grand naval alliance, created by the Athenians and aimed at liberating Ionia from Persian Rule. |
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| Pericles, leader of Athens |
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| a great leader who helped Athens grow into a powerful and aggressive polis so much that it scared its own allies. The arts also prospered during his reign |
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| Any of several religious systems in the Greco-roman world characterized by secret doctrines and rituals of initiation. |
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| Euripides: The Trojan Women |
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| Play that offended many men called for either womens rights or was a play against war. |
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| explains the constitution of the different city states |
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| philosopher “know yourself” philosophical Jesus |
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| overshadow by his son alexander, wanted to unite Greece to fight Persia but died on the way to Persia |
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| Alexander the Great and his empire |
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| Son of Philip was trained in philosophy (Aristotle) and Military by (Philip) was a Macadoean king that expanded the Greek empire from Nepal to Greece. Planned on setting up headquarters in Babylon but died |
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| A battle for supremacy of Asia Alexander the Great defeats Darius the Great of Persia which is critical in the expansion of greece |
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| the maturation of the polis coincidd with an era that gave rise to two developments. The expansion of the greeks, and the rise of power for Athens and Sparta. |
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| Heliocentric theory of the Universe |
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| the belief that the earth revolves around the sun |
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| Hippocrates and the Sacred Disease |
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| [epilepsy]-father of medicine and said that epiliespy was not caused by the gods but a body malfunction |
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| Pythagoras and the Pythagorean theorem |
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| historical significance and created his theorem of the triangle. |
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| philosophy for those seeking personal peace and happiness in a changing world by avoidance of pain (thus pleasure) |
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| the most popular of Hellenistic philosophies; it considers nature an expression of divine will and holds that people can be happy only when living in accordance with nature. |
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Creation story of Rome each founded states on different hills of Rome
the Senate |
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| Patricains are the weathly land owners the arisocrats had all the political power, Plebeians are the common people of Rome. |
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| A great social conflict that deceloped between patricians and plebeians: the plebeians wanted real political representation and safeguards against patrician domination |
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| the lower class of people |
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| Huge roman estates created by buying up several small farms |
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| a Roman philosopher and is considered to be one Romes greatest orarators |
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| was part of the roman army reform recruited landless owners into the army and defeated the german tribes so he is considered a third founder of Rome. Sulla was a man who was a general and ruled over Rome twice and once as a dictator |
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| the freeing of individual slaves by their masters |
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| as a general he took over Gaul(France), Took over more power some thought he wanted to become Rex(king) is assignated in 44 BCE |
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| Sulla posted a list of all who were “enemies of the state” and instantly anyone on the list was stripped of citizenship and rewards were given for those who captured or turned in the names on the list. |
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| Rome and Carthage fought over the Mediterrian Seas for economic reasons and naval supremacy. |
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| Marc Antony and Cleopatra |
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| Claimed to be Caesars successor, made an alliance with Egyptian queen Cleopatra had a love interest with her. Cleopatra commits suicide. |
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| A political alliance between Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey in which they agreed to advance one another’s interests. |
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| - tried to start a reform for the common people(Plebeians) and were assinated also wanted to become dictators. |
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| Augustas is given the principate which is known as the first among equals so he is the leader of the citizens and is helped by the senate but is like not an actual head or dictator individual (essentially leader without the title) |
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| The Roman Peace (Pax Romana) |
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| )-“Roman Peace” (1st-3rd centuries) (started under Caesar Augustus) |
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| Five consecutive Roman emperors (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, and Marcus Aurelius) distinguished by their benevolence |
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| The establishment of open dictatorship failed in efforts to control inflation by law, tried to destroy Christianity, and control of the borders vs (Germans and Persians) |
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| continued the efforts to save the Roman empire he also tolerated the Christians for the first time in Rome and moved the center of the empire to Constantinople (east) |
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| Saul of Tarsus (St. Paul) |
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| took the christs teachings and expanded it with his letters and such and made it more prevalent and is known as the second founder. |
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| Isis the mother god was worshipped by the cults of the mystery religions. |
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| essentially the greek version of the catholic church |
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| the body and blood of jesus |
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| those who believed in non-orthodox religious practice or belief |
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| the byzantine empire is the rome of the east and is ready to move forward due to the greeks and the hellentistic world |
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| the last prophet of God, spread the word of God emphasized monotheism and gained strength in Medina |
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| political successors of the prophet muhammad |
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| The basic tenements of faith: Ritual payer several times a day, absolute monotheism, fast during Ramadan, almsgiving to the poor, the hajj pilgrimage to mecca |
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| Holy War, Striving to be like god |
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| a shrine in Jerusalem that holds the foundation stone |
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| Islamic schools of jurisprudence as important tools for understanding the Qur'an/ a collection of sayings and anecdotes about muhammad |
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| the majority of muslims/ they follow the deeds and sayings of muhammad which constitutes the example of the muslim life |
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| a community of those who share a religious faith and commitment rather than a tribal tie |
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| Fatima is Muhammad's daughter and they start a line of people who believe that they have the blood of Muhammad so they should become the Caliph |
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| supporters of Ali’s family |
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| charismatic holy men whom ordinary muslims came seeking spiritual sonsolation healing charity or political mediation |
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| they ruled the majority and are followed by the sunnis |
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| took over the Muslims till WWI and had military power |
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| height of the Arabic success they whipped out the umayyads and started the glory days of the muslims until taken over by the turks |
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| for most of a century they sacked and burned many Muslim cities but eventually converted and added a spark to the religion just as the Turks did |
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| the place of worship for the Muslims |
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| a term meaning protected people “jews,christians, and Zoroastrians” |
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| the flight of Muhammad from mecca to medina |
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| the holy city for the arabs the fifth pillar is to travel here |
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| the city where the muslims moved to expand the religion and gained strength |
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| Ka’ba (sacred site in Mecca |
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| temple containing a black stone thought to be gods dwelling place |
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| fifth pillar-journey to Mecca |
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| the successor to Muhammad, representative of God. |
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