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| the researcher is interested in the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The researcher manipulates the independent variable. |
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| the researcher does not control the dependent variable but rather examines how the independent variable affects the dependent variable. |
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| the researcher attampts to minimize or eliminate confounding variables. These are variables in the environment that might also affect the dependent variable and would blur the effect of the independent variable. |
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| the best way to get a representative or unbiased sample. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample. |
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| studying the same subjects at different points in the life span. |
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| different subjects of different ages are compared |
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| combines longitudinal and cross-sectional appraoches |
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| neither the subject nor the experimenter knows whether the subject is assigned to the treatment or to the control group. |
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| an inactive substance or condition disguised as a treatment to be used in the control group. |
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| the degree to which an independent variable can predict a dependent variable. |
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| the degree to which the results from an experiment can be applied to the real world. |
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| when people agree with opposing statements |
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| the effects that might result when a group is born and raised in a particular time period. |
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| when subjects act in ways they think the experimenter wants or expects |
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| when researchers see what they want to see |
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| a form of experimenter bias - when a researcher sees what he wants to see. This is minimized in a double-blind experiment. |
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| when subjects alter their behavior because they are being observed. This also applies to workers who are being observed. |
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| Nonequivalent control group |
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Definition
| this problematic control group is used when an equivalent one cannot be isolated. |
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Definition
| when subjects behave differently just because they think that they have received a treatment. |
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| an attitude change in response to feeling that options are limited. In an experiment this might look like someone acting unnaturally because of a negative feeling about being in the experiment. An everyday life example is when someone becomes set on a certain flavor of ice cream as soon as they are told it is sold out. |
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| when the subjects that drop out of an experiment are different from those that remain. The remaining sample is no longer random. |
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| when subjects do or say what they think they should |
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| when a relationship is referred when there is in fact none. |
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| a method that mathematically combines and summarizes the overall effects or research findings for a particular subject. |
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| empiricism, verifiable, testable hypotheses, falsification |
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| beginning stages of research - basis of future undertakings. a mapping out of events in order to describe what is happening behaviorally. |
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| description of changes in one set of observations related to changes in another set. based on a working hypothesis drawn from descriptive research |
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| the focus is on the cause the 'why'. manipulation of variables. |
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| "cut away" what is unnecessary in a research study. |
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| criteria of a good research idea |
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