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| the part of the world that triggers a particular neuron. |
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| the process in which physical sensation is changed into electrical messages that the brain can understand. |
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| photons and waves measured by brightness and wavelengths. |
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| color - the dominant wavelength of light. |
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| clear protective coating on the outside of the eye. |
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| located behind the cornea. |
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| allows the les to bend (accomodate) in order to focus on an image. |
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| located at the back of the eye. composed of 132 photoreceptor cells. |
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| rods and cones on the retina responsible for sensory transduction.This happens through the chemical alteration of chemical alternation of photopigments |
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| sensitive to dim light and are concentrates along the edges of the retina which is why you can see dimly lit objects better with peripheral vision. |
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| concentrated in the center of the retina in the area called the fovea. cones are particulalry sensitive to color and daylight vision. Cones see better than rods because there are fewer cones per ganglion cell than rods per ganglion cell. |
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| After light passes though the receptors....... |
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| it travles through the horizontal cells, to the bipolar cells, to the amacrine cells to the ganglion cells to the optic nerve to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, the visual cortex in the occipital lobe and the superior colliculus. |
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| visual pathway that connects the yes to the cerebral cortex. |
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| a place along the optic nerve in which half of the fibers of each eye cross over and join the optic nerve from the toher eye. This ensures that input from each eye will come together for a full picture of the brain. |
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| suggests that two types of color-sesitive cells exist: cones that respond to blue-yellow and cones that respond to red-green. When one is stimulated, the other is inhibited. Found that this happens i the lateral geniculate. |
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| there are three types of receptors in the retina; red, blue or green. Happens in the retina |
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| alows the eye to see contrast. When one receptor is stimulated, the others nearby are inhibited. |
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| first to measure the speed of a nerve impulse, tr-color theory and COLOR BLINDNESS research, and place resonance theory (hearing) |
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| feature detection theory : simple - orientation, complex - movement, hypercomplex - shape |
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| physical intensity of a sound wave which largely determines loudness |
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| the pace of vibrations or sound waves per second for a particular sound. This determines pitch. measured in Hertz (hz) and humans best hear at around 1000 Hz |
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| complexity of the sound wave. |
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| pinna and auditory cannal |
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| tympanic membrane (eardrum), ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes). Vibrations bump up against tympanic membrane and cause the ossicles to vibrate. |
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| (hearing and balance) oval window, choclea (basilar membrane and organ of corti) |
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| movement on the basilar membrane |
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| in inner ear. sensitive to tilt and provide our sense of balance. |
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| Helmholz. Different parts of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies. |
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| high frequency sounds are localized by intensity differences whereas low frequency sounds are localized by phase differences. |
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| hair receptors in the nostrils send their messages to the ofactory bulb at the base of the brain. |
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| humans distinguis four basic tastes: sweet, bitter, sour and salt. taste buds or papillae are the tongues taste receptors. |
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| receptors in the skin that detect touch or contact. |
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| the temperature that is sensed as neither warm or cold. |
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| gate control theory of pain. |
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| pain perception is related to large and small nerve fibers that run to and from the spine. Pain may or may not be perceived depending on various factors including cognition. |
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| neuromodulators that kick in to reduce perception of pain. |
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| the tendency to tur ntoward an object that has touched you. |
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| information from receptors in joints and muscles that tell us about the positioning of our own body. |
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