Term
|
Definition
Anticholinergic
reduces ACh influence to level compatible with the reduced DA influence |
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Term
|
Definition
Anticholinergic
reduces ACh influence to level compatible with the reduced DA influence |
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Term
|
Definition
Anticholinergic
reduces ACh influence to level compatible with the reduced DA influence |
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Term
|
Definition
Anticholinergic
reduces ACh influence to level compatible with the reduced DA influence |
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Term
|
Definition
| immediate precursor of dopamine |
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Term
|
Definition
| cofactor for L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase and can increase the peripheral decarboxylation of L-DOPA to dopamine. Increased dopamine means it cant cross BBB so the 1% before will become less |
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Term
|
Definition
| DA receptor antagonists and can prevent the antiparkin-son effects of DA derived from L-DOPA. |
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Term
|
Definition
dopa decarboxylase inhibitor that inhibits conversion of L-DOPA to DA
quaternary ammonium structure prevents passage across BBB |
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Term
|
Definition
| MAOB inhibitor that prevents oxidative deamination of only dopamine |
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Term
|
Definition
| MAOB inhibitor that prevents oxidative deamination of only dopamine |
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Term
|
Definition
COMT inhibitors that prevent peripheral metabolism of L-DOPA
hepatotoxicity |
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Term
|
Definition
| COMT inhibitors that prevent peripheral metabolism of L-DOPA |
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Term
| carbidopa/L-DOPA/ entcapone (Stalevo®) |
|
Definition
| COMT inhibitors that prevent peripheral metabolism of L-DOPA |
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Term
|
Definition
ergot agonists at D1
used as adjunct therapy to reduce dose of L-DOPA due to additive antiparkinson effect. |
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Term
|
Definition
ergot agonists at D1/D2 receptors
used as adjunct therapy to reduce dose of L-DOPA due to additive antiparkinson effect. |
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Term
|
Definition
parkinson monotherapy
non-ergot agonists at D2
excreted unchanged in urine |
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Term
|
Definition
parkinson monotherapy
non-ergot agonists at D3
metabolized by liver |
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Term
|
Definition
parkinson monotherapy
24-hour continuous delivery system |
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Term
|
Definition
Parkinson monothrapy
indirect dopamine receptor agonist
releases dopamine from nerve endings and/or blocks dopamine reuptake into nerve endings in cases of mild parkinsonism
antiviral drug for influenza A2 |
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Term
|
Definition
huntingtons disease clinical manifestatiion
sudden, quick non-rhthymic movements of heads and limbs |
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Term
|
Definition
huntingtons disease clinical manifestatiion
writhing of limbs and face |
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Term
|
Definition
– involuntary hurling, irregular, huntingtons disease clinical manifestatiion
frequently violent movements of the shoulder and arm while the patient is awake |
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Term
|
Definition
Huntingtons Treatment
reserpine-like DA depleting agent,. Reserpine blocks vmat, which transports epi,NE,and DA to vesicle so it can be released in the synapse. |
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Term
|
Definition
Huntingtons Treatment
DA receptor antagonist |
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Term
|
Definition
Huntingtons Treatment
DA stabilizer in clinical trials, not known how |
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Term
|
Definition
Huntingtons Treatment
AChE-inhibitor (experimental) |
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Term
|
Definition
| extremely withdrawn, negative and isolated in catatonic stupor and/or overexcitement, repetitious sounds or movements in catatonic excitement |
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Term
|
Definition
| most common)— very suspicious of others, delusions of persecution, auditory hallucinations, delusions of grandeur |
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|
Term
| disorganized (hebephrenic) schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| —(everything they do is unintelligent) verbally incoherent, illogical thinking, flat or inappropriate moods and emotions, hallucinations usually not present |
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Term
|
Definition
| no overt signs of schizophrenia but lacking motivation and interest in day-to-day living |
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Term
| undifferentiated schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| patient fails to meet the criteria for the other subtypes but clearly suffers from this mental disorder |
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Term
|
Definition
| (DMPEA) from urine samples of schizo people |
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Term
|
Definition
| projections to nucleus accumbens, limbic system and frontal cortex |
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Term
|
Definition
| motivation, pleasure, concentration and working memory |
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Term
|
Definition
substantial nigra projections to corpus striatum
extrapyramidal motor control and cognition |
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|
Term
| tuberoinfundibular pathway |
|
Definition
arcuate nucleus projections to pituitary gland
neuroendocrine regulation
connects to pituitary and releast pituitary hormones, thus dopamine controls release of these hormones. |
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Term
|
Definition
• subthalamis projections to hypothalamus and amygdala
sexual arousal |
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Term
|
Definition
| excessive DA neurotransmission due to excessive DA synthesis/release and/or DA receptor supersensitivity |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| antipsychotic or neuroleptic drugs |
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Term
|
Definition
Phenothiazines
multiple receptor blockade & inhibition of neuronal reuptake
conventional neuroleptic
Highest in OH |
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Term
|
Definition
Phenothiazines
multiple receptor blockade & inhibition of neuronal reuptake
conventional neuroleptic
Only high in AP and EPS |
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Term
|
Definition
Phenothiazines
multiple receptor blockade & inhibition of neuronal reuptake
conventional neuroleptic
Highest in AC
Lowest in EPS |
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Term
|
Definition
Butyrophenones
multiple receptor blockade & inhibition of neuronal reuptake
conventional neuroleptic
Only high in AP and EPS |
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Term
|
Definition
Atypical (unconventional) neuroleptics
No OH or EPS
Lowest in AP with quetiapine
agranulocytosis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Atypical (unconventional) neuroleptics
reversible blockade of DA and 5HT2A receptors
5HT2A > D2 receptor specificity
5HT1A agonist action |
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Term
|
Definition
Atypical (unconventional) neuroleptics
reversible blockade of DA and 5HT2A receptors
5HT2A > D2 receptor specificity
5HT1A agonist action |
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Term
|
Definition
Atypical (unconventional) neuroleptics
reversible blockade of DA and 5HT2A receptors
5HT2A > D2 receptor specificity
5HT1A agonist action
Lowest in NEG control
Lowest in AP with clozapine |
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Term
|
Definition
Atypical (unconventional) neuroleptics
reversible blockade of DA and 5HT2A receptors
5HT2A > D2 receptor specificity
5HT1A agonist action
Lowest in sedation and weight gain |
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Term
|
Definition
Atypical (unconventional) neuroleptics
reversible blockade of DA and 5HT2A receptors
5HT2A > D2 receptor specificity
5HT1A agonist action
Lowest in sedation and weight gain |
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Term
|
Definition
Dementia Treatment
treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s
cholinesterase-inhibitors — increase in synaptic levels of acetylcholine |
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Term
|
Definition
Dementia Treatment
used for mild-to-severe Alzheimer’s
cholinesterase-inhibitors — increase in synaptic levels of acetylcholine |
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Term
|
Definition
Dementia Treatment
treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s
cholinesterase-inhibitors — increase in synaptic levels of acetylcholine |
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Term
|
Definition
prevention of glutamate excitotoxicity
treatment of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s |
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Term
|
Definition
(not approved)
antioxidants—neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress |
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Term
|
Definition
Older anxiolytic
non-barbiturate, non-benzodiazepine |
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Term
|
Definition
Older anxiolytic
meprobamate-like (non-barbiturate, non-benzodiazepine |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Older anxiolytic
meprobamate-like (non-barbiturate, non-benzodiazepine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Older anxiolytic
meprobamate-like (non-barbiturate, non-benzodiazepine |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Long acting Benzodiazepines |
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Term
|
Definition
| Long acting Benzodiazepines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short acting Benzodiazepines |
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Term
|
Definition
| short acting Benzodiazepines |
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Term
|
Definition
| short acting Benzodiazepines |
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Term
|
Definition
| Benzodiazepine antagonist, blocking BZD agonists and inverse agonists |
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Term
| Drugs that increase BZD hepatic metabolism |
|
Definition
| chronic alcohol, barbiturates, phenytoin or carbamazepine (usually the oxidized bzd) |
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|
Term
| Drugs that decrease BZD hepatic metabolism |
|
Definition
| valproic acid, propranolol |
|
|
Term
| BZD hepatic metabolism decreased by estrogen-dominant oral contraceptives |
|
Definition
| oxidized benzodiazepines (lorazepam, alprazolam) |
|
|
Term
| BZD hepatic metabolism increased by estrogen-dominant oral contraceptives |
|
Definition
| glucuronidation of conjugated diazepam, oxazepam and temazepam |
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Term
|
Definition
| prolongation of long- but not short-acting BZs |
|
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Term
|
Definition
azaspirodecanedione
agonist at
presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2-3 week state where you are extremely depressed but it is self limiting and lasts only for a few weeks |
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Term
|
Definition
| mild state of depression, that lasts for 2 years |
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Term
|
Definition
2 amine tricyclics
NE>5-HT
Least weight gain
Worst are in sex |
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Term
|
Definition
2 amine tricyclics
NE>5-HT
Least weigth gain
Worst are in sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tetracyclic
NE>5-HT
Only one with on sex dysfunction
high weight and sedation |
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Term
|
Definition
3 amine tricyclics (high on all effects)
5-HT>NE |
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Term
|
Definition
3 amine tricyclics (high on all effects)
5-HT>NE |
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Term
|
Definition
| SSRI's (selective serotonin reuptake-inhibitors |
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Term
|
Definition
SSRI's (selective serotonin reuptake-inhibitors
Only one with mild effect on everything. |
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Term
|
Definition
| SSRI's (selective serotonin reuptake-inhibitors |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| SSRI's (selective serotonin reuptake-inhibitors |
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|
Term
|
Definition
SSRI's (selective serotonin reuptake-inhibitors
Least sexual dysfunction |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Newer atypical antidepressants
NDRI
blocks DA reuptake >> NE reuptake
No side effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Newer atypical antidepressants
SARI
blockade of 5HT2A receptors plus less potent serotonin reuptake
Highest OH and sedation |
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Term
|
Definition
Newer atypical antidepressants
SARI
blockade of 5HT2A receptors plus less potent serotonin reuptake
hepatotoxic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Newer atypical antidepressants
SNRI
inhibition of 5HT and NE reuptake
High in sexual dysfunction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Newer atypical antidepressants
NaSSA
blockade of 2 and 5HT2A heteroreceptors to disinhibit NE and 5HT neuronal release
High in sexual dysfunction and sedation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| irreversible and non-selective MAO-inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
irreversible and non-selective MAO-inhibitors
hepatotoxicity |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| reversible inhibitors of MAOA |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| reversible inhibitors of MAOA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reversible inhibitors of MAOA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paradoxical CNS excitation when combined with MAOI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug actions: unknown(not for depressant, can help in mania and bipolar) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| other FDA-approved drugs with antimanic activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| other FDA-approved drugs with antimanic activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| other FDA-approved drugs with antimanic activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| other FDA-approved drugs with antimanic activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| other FDA-approved drugs with antimanic activity |
|
|
Term
| fluoxetine/olanzapine Symbyax®) |
|
Definition
| other FDA-approved drugs with antimanic activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unlabelled use in manic syndrome
stimulation of presynaptic adenosine receptors NE release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amphetamine derivatives
more potent centrally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amphetamine derivatives
more potent centrally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amphetamine derivatives
more potent centrally
prodrug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amphetamine derivatives.
more potent peripherally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amphetamine derivatives
Benzedrine®, Adderall®) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amphetamine derivatives
more similar to dextro) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-amphetamine stimulants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| non-amphetamine stimulants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phenylethylamine anorexiants (all withdrawn by manufacturers) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phenylethylamine anorexiants (all withdrawn by manufacturers) |
|
|
Term
| inhibition of lateral hypothalamic feeding center |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stimulation of ventromedial hypothalamic satiety center via 5HT release |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
new drug for narcolepsy
with fewer side effects (less excessive mood change, less insomnia, less abuse potential), 1B adrenergic receptor effects and may also affect GABA, glutaminergic and serotonergic synapses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non-stimulant ( non-controlled) approved for the treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults
selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most important active ingredient of cannabis. |
|
|
Term
| most important active ingredient of cannabis. |
|
Definition
| combination of dried resin extract and compressed flowers and contains 5-15% 9-THC. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extracted from marihuana or hashish and may be 30-80% THC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cannabinoid Receptors
found in the brain and other tissues, blood vessels, cardiac tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cannabinoid Receptors
part of the immune system, immunosuppressant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
endocannabinoids (derived from arachidonic acid
acts on CB1 and CB2 receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
endocannabinoids (derived from arachidonic acid
acts on CB1 receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
endocannabinoids (derived from arachidonic acid
acts on CB1 receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| synthetic nabilone , an analog of dronabinol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
withdrawn from market
inverse agonist/antagonist at CB1 receptor
causes reduction in appetite
increased risk of diabetes 2 and dyslipidemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Psychedelics
Excessive DA = psychotic behavior |
|
|
Term
| lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) |
|
Definition
Psychedelics
Works by Activating Serotonin Psychotropic properties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Psychedelics
periodical change of the behavior of elephant bulls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
unique effect of LSD
occurs when a person can see smells, hear colors, over stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antidotal therapy for pschedelics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dissociatives
MOST DANGEROUS
Acure toxicity, combativeness, catatonia, convulsions, coma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dissociatives
reduction in pain but can’t figure out where it’s coming from. Hurt or not
Block NMDA receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pattern of PCP abuse first phase |
|
Definition
acute toxicity – 4C’s
combativeness, catatonia, convulsions and coma |
|
|
Term
| pattern of PCP abuse second phase |
|
Definition
toxic psychosis
visual and auditory delusions, paranoia and agitation |
|
|
Term
| pattern of PCP abuse third phase |
|
Definition
| drug-induced schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| pattern of PCP abuse fourth phase |
|
Definition
drug-induced depression
suicidal tendencies, mental dysfunction (last for months |
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|
