Term
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Definition
| Assumption that an expert in one field can be credible in another |
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Term
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Definition
| Statement that levels out relevant consideration in order to imply that there's a single cause to a complex problems |
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Term
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Definition
| Only 2 alternative when there are clearly none |
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Term
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Definition
| Assumption that because 1 event follows another, 1st is the cause of the second |
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Term
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Definition
logos - logical
pathos - emotional
ethos - ethical |
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Term
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Definition
1. rephrase thesis / summarize main parts
2. call attention to the larger issue
3.call for change in action
4.vivid image
5.connect with introduction |
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Term
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Definition
1. unusual fact
2. giving out a bold statement
3. anecdote
4. question the essay will answer
5. appropriate quotes
6. examples
7. general information
8. thesis |
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Term
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Definition
Object/goal that writer wants to accomplish
*support a cause
*promote a change
*stimulate interests
*win agreement
*arouse sympathy
*provoke anger |
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Term
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Definition
Help clam audience strongly opposed to position
1. intro
2. concession
3. thesis
4. support
5. conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
1. intro
2. concession and reputation
3. confirmation paragraph
4. congaing paragraphs
audience not gets to take sides |
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Term
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Definition
| Classification of discourse that informs instructs, or presents idea of and general truth objectively |
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Term
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Definition
| Classification of discourse that tells a story |
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Term
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Definition
| traditional classification of discourse that depicts images verbally in space and time and arranges those images in a logical pattern such as spatial |
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Term
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Definition
1. Narrations
2. Description
3. Exposition |
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Term
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Definition
who is the audience?
what do they know?
what do they believe
what do they expect
how will the audience disagree
what will they want us to answer
how can i use paragraph
should u use language that is formal factual |
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Term
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Definition
sets off additions
replace ( ) |
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Term
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Definition
person place or thing
language, etc |
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Term
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Definition
mark line division in poetry
between terms to indicate that either term is applicable |
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Term
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Definition
| section of writing usually dealing with a single theme |
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Term
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Definition
| titles of separated works, foreign words, names of legal cases, names of ships, submarines, air craft, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| expresses main idea of a chapter and comments on main idea |
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Term
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Definition
*topic sentence
*deductive reasoning
*chronological order
*spatial order
*emphatic order
*logical order |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by the inference of particular instance from a general law |
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Term
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Definition
| arrangement under importance |
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Term
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Definition
| orient the readers focus from right to left, near to far |
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Term
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Definition
guilt by association
non-sequiter
ad hominem
appeal to tradition
bandwagon
begging questions
equivocations
false analogy
red herring
slippery slope
nasty general
oversimplification
false authority
false clause
false dilemma |
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Term
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Definition
| Arrange from specific to general or vice versa |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to personal attack on an opponent that draws attention away from losses under considerations |
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Term
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Definition
it does not follow
does not logically follow previous statements |
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Term
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Definition
| "Everyone's doing it, you should do it too" |
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Term
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Definition
| Something should be more in a certain way because it happened in past |
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Term
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Definition
| assumes what in fact reads to be proven |
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Term
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Definition
| "assertion that falsely relies on the use of a term in 2 different sense |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from 2 given assured prepositions each of which shares a middle term not present in conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 things that are alike in some ways that are alike in others |
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Term
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Definition
| Assumption that if 1thing is allowed it will be the 1st step in a down crowd spiral |
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Term
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Definition
| dodging the real issue by drawing attention to an irrelevance |
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Term
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Definition
| conclusion based on too little evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| unfair attempt to make someone responsible for beliefs / action of others |
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Term
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Definition
| not clearly attached to other elements |
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Term
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Definition
| gives additional information |
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Term
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Definition
| ADJ and ADV change form to reveal quality quantity and manner |
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Term
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Definition
| shows relationship between parts of a sentence |
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Term
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Definition
| element placed in beginning of the word to adjust/qualify its meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided |
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Term
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Definition
| morpheme added at the end of the word to form a derivative |
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Term
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Definition
| a morpheme which words have been made by additional of prefixes suffixes |
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Term
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Definition
Ancient Greek
-short section of speech
Middle age
-pause in speech
1566(Italy)
-Clarify relationships between phases and clause |
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Term
| 4 general purpose of punctuation |
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Definition
1. to terminate
2. to introduce
3. to separate
4. to enclose |
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Term
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Definition
greek word kolon meaning unit of meaning
connects individual clauses with out coordinations |
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Term
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Definition
1. nurse come before coordinating conj.
2. comma must follow introductory clause
3. separates words, phrases , clause
4. separates coordinating adj
5. sets off non-essential clauses
6. sets off parenthetical elements |
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Term
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Definition
| indicates ownership & relationships, omissions of letters #'s from certain plurals |
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Term
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Definition
*Calls attention to what follows
*separates figures in time reference part of spiritual of references, title, from subtitles |
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Term
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Definition
Sets off directly quotations, titles, of short works, words used ironically, in combination w/ other punctuation
Not used for paraphrase and indirect |
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Term
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Definition
1. most singular nouns and indefinite nouns abbreviation and acronyms need '-s' to form possessive case
2.Plural noun ending in '-s' requires possessive case only an apostrophes to form
3.joint ownership -> '-s'/ apostrophe to 2nd noun only
4. separates ownership
5. add's to nouns that .before gerunds |
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Term
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Definition
Punctuation mark that indicates end of a sentence and abbreviation
Follow indirect question, declarative sentence, and abbreviations |
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Term
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Definition
1. single quotation enclose quotations within quotation
2. dialogues enclose in quotation marks
3. commas and periods inside " "
4. semicolon and colon ->outside
5. quotation mark, exclamation points out side the " " |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Direct/indirect Discourse |
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Definition
Direct discourse - exact quotation from another source
Indirect discourse - report of what another source says
-Direct Q phrased as a question
-Indirect question phrased as a statement |
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Term
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Definition
*mark break in thought
*sets off parenthetical element for emphasis
*follows introductory lot
*abrupt change in time
*flattening in speech |
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Term
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Definition
Shows strong feeling
Excited utterance |
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Term
| Dashes vs Parenthesis vs Commas |
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Definition
*Dashes sets off parenthetical element sharply
*parenthesis - de-emphasize enclosed matter
*comma does nothing |
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Term
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Definition
set off nonessential matter
enclosed numeral used for list |
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Term
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Definition
indicates omission from quoted passage
indicates reflection pause |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| adds subtle meaning to a main verb |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
count - have singular and plural forms
non count - only one form |
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Term
| Proper Noun vs Common noun |
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Definition
Proper specific names beginning w/a capital letter
Common nouns refer to any member of a clause / category |
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Term
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Definition
Refers to a previously mentioned noun phrase
5types are - antecedent relative personal interrogative reflexive intensive |
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Term
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Definition
Can either be singular plural depending on the context
Band |
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Term
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Definition
| relates dependent clause to noun in main clause |
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Term
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Definition
| pronouns substituted for a noun that occurs earlier in a sentence |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Identifies speaker; person or thing spoken about |
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Term
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Definition
| Consist of 2 or more words that together name a person place thing idea singularly |
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Term
| Reflexive / Intensive Pronoun |
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Definition
| Direct action back on the subject, use for the emphasis. Personal pronouns + self |
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Term
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Definition
| points out person place thing or idea |
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Term
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Definition
| concrete relate to person, place or thing that can be perceived by one / more of the senses |
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Term
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Definition
| Verb ending in '-ing' that takes place of a noun |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a person, place, thing, or idea. That isn't specifically named |
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Term
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Definition
adj - modified nouns / pronoun
adv- modifies verb, adj, and other advs |
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Term
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Definition
| who subjective, whom - objective |
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Term
| coordinate adj and articles |
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Definition
*coordinate adj 2 or more adjectives that modifies same noun / pronoun
*article - a an the
*indefinite - articles - a an
*pefinite article - them |
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Term
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Definition
| -able, -al, -ful, -ic, -ish, -less, - y |
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Term
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Definition
expands intensify or diminish
subject verb or complement |
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Term
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Definition
Subjuncts
adjuncts
disjuncts
conjuncts |
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Term
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Definition
| a word used to describe an action, state or being, and forms the main part of the predicate in sentence |
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Term
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Definition
| first word of a sentence "I" names and initials of persons names of months and weekdays title that imitate precedence names other proper noun adjective |
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Term
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Definition
| Base form -'s form, -ing form, -ed form |
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Term
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Definition
| Expresses an action now going or habitually performed or a condition now existing |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes the base form and/or -s ending |
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Term
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Definition
| Indicates that events have begun but have not been completed it uses the auxiliary verb be and the present participle -ing form |
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Term
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Definition
| indicates action performed prior to a particular time. It uses the auxiliary verb 'have' and the past participle '-ed' |
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Term
| Present Perfect Progressive |
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Definition
| Consist of two auxiliaries have and been accompanied the present participle of '-ing' |
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Term
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Definition
| expresses an action that has happened or a state that previously existed |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes the base form and the -ed ending |
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Term
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Definition
| indicates action performed prior to a particular time. It uses the auxiliary verb 'be' and the present participle of '-ing' |
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Term
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Definition
| Indicates action performed prior to a particular time. It uses auxiliary verb 'had' and the past participle '-ed' |
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Term
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Definition
| Consist of 2 auxiliaries 'had and been' accompanied the present participle of '-ing' |
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Term
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Definition
| expresses events that have not yet happened |
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Term
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Definition
| Includes the base form accompanied by the auxiliary verb will |
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Term
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Definition
| Indicates that event have begun but not been completed |
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Term
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Definition
| Indicated action performed prior to a particular time. |
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Term
| Future Perfect Progressive |
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Definition
| Consist of 3 auxiliary verbs will have and been accompanied by the present participle of -ing |
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Term
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Definition
| used for statement and question regarding fact or opinion |
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Term
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Definition
| indicative, subjunctive, imperative, conditional |
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Term
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Definition
| Command / direction - simple base form |
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Term
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Definition
imagined wished possible
*present sub-base form
*past - were and past participle
*Perfect had and past participle |
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Term
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Definition
1. action
2. linking
3. auxiliary
4. transitive
5. intransitive |
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Term
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Definition
| causes something else to happen |
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Term
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Definition
| expressing being / experiencing |
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Term
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Definition
| a complete thought typically containing a subject or predicate |
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Term
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Definition
| sentence that takes the form a simple statement in a sentence or phrase |
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Term
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Definition
| a sentence ending in a question |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a noun phrase functioning as one of the main component of a clause |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a part of the sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject |
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Term
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Definition
| A word phase or clause government by a verb that completes the meaning of the predicate |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct object indirect object, subject, complement object complement |
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Term
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Definition
| Recessive the action or shows the result of the action of a verb |
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Term
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Definition
| noun phrase referring to someone or something that is affected by the action of a transitive verb but is not the primary subject |
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Term
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Definition
| describe, identifies or classifies the subject it follows the verb like a direct or indirect object |
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Term
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Definition
| Follow a direct object, descending, identifying, or classifying it |
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Term
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Definition
| Grammatical unit that makes up a sentence |
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Term
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Definition
| Main clause that has the same grammatical structure as a simple sentence |
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Term
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Definition
| has a subject and predicate can't stand alone, must be attached to an independent clause |
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Term
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Definition
Noun - subject, object
Adj - modifier to noun, pronoun
Adv - Modifiers and usually qualifies the verb |
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Term
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Definition
| connecting words joining single words, phrases or sentence |
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Term
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Definition
| Joins words or groups of words equal status; link a noun to a noun and adj to adj and phrase to phrase |
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Term
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Definition
| coordinating conjunctions that consist of two parts both/and, either/or, neither/nor |
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Term
| Subordinating Conjunction |
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Definition
| joins dependent clauses to main clauses |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of words that can function as a single unit in a sentence |
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Term
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Definition
serves as subjects and complement or objects of prepositions
it consists of a main noun and any accompanying determiners (a,an,the,that) |
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Term
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Definition
| essential part of the predicate and utilized as nouns or modifiers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| deals with tense / present participial or 'ing' and past participle |
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Term
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Definition
| A phrase notated by the infinitive markers |
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Term
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Definition
| considered a phrase but can link clauses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| identifies the noun it is near or supplement the noun meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| simple, compound, complex, compound-complex |
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Term
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Definition
| Consist of a single independent clause |
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Term
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Definition
| Consist of at least two independent clause but no dependent clause |
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Term
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Definition
| has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause |
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Term
| Compound - complex sentence |
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Definition
| contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause |
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Term
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Definition
| Main idea comes first ; less important ideas or details follow |
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Term
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Definition
| the main idea comes last, just before the period |
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Term
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Definition
| two independent clause run together without any punctuation at all |
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Term
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Definition
| Pieces of a sentence that is incomplete |
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Term
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Definition
| the repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clause |
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Term
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Definition
| deliberate omission of conjunction in a series of related clauses |
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Term
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Definition
| The deliberate use of many conjunction for special emphasis to highlight quality or mass of detail or create a flowing sentence patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| a sentence strategy in which the arrangement of ideas in the second clause is a reverse of the first |
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Term
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Definition
| Dialogue which the ending and the beginning of each line echo each other taking on a new meaning with each new li e |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of a verb that has two different meanings with objects that complement both meanings |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique in writing where the verbs linked to the subject must be in close proximity for the sentence to succeed |
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Term
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Definition
| the condition of having the same number gender case or person |
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Term
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Definition
| the state of being parallel or of corresponding in some way |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasizes the doer of the action by making that actor the subject of the sentence |
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