Term
|
Definition
| The right of protection to every person under the law and equal access to society's opportunities and public facilities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The equal-protection clause part of the 14th amendment. It is a basis for equal treatment under the law. Although the clause was passed in 1868, it was nearly a century later before the courts applied the clause in a substantial way. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In this supreme court case, the courts ruled that separate but equal facilities did not violate the constitution, although blacks were actually being treated unequal. This court ruling became the justification for the separate but unequal treatment of African Americans. |
|
|
Term
| Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka |
|
Definition
| In this case the courts ruled that segregated schools were unequal and a violation of the constitution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The courts require government only to show that a particular law is reasonable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any law that treats people differently because of race or ethnicity is subject to this test. This test presumes that a law is unconstitutional unless the government can provide a compelling basis for it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A class of individuals that have been historically subject to discrimination. Any statute that makes a distinction between individuals based on any of the suspect classifications will be subject to a strict scrutiny standard of review before the Supreme Court. |
|
|
Term
| Black Civil Rights Movement |
|
Definition
| After fighting in World War II, African Americans came home to continued racism and discrimination. They started demanding for change and equality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This act entitled all people to equal access to public accommodations. It also bars discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, and natural origin in the hiring, promotion, and wages of employees of medium sized and large firms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A building owner cannot refuse to sell or rent a housing to a person because of their race, religion, ethnicity, or sex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Deliberate efforts to provide full and equal opportunities in employment, education, and other areas for members of disadvantaged groups. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Discrimination based on law. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The condition whereby historically disadvantaged groups have fewer opportunities and benefits because of prejudice and economic circumstances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prohibits sex-based discrimination in education. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was rewritten to prohibit discrimination in all personnel decisions based on sex as well as other categories. |
|
|
Term
| "Trail of Broken Treaties" |
|
Definition
| A caravan that journeyed from California to Washington, D.C. to protest federal policy. This protest occurred in 1972 by Native Americans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This case resulted in many states offering bilingual education in their public schools. |
|
|
Term
| Intermediate scrutiny test |
|
Definition
| A test for sex based discrimination established by the Supreme Court in Craig v. Boren in 1976 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This movement began in the mid 1800s. Women began their efforts to secure the right to vote. Women couldn't vote until the 19th amendment was ratified in 1920. |
|
|
Term
| 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act |
|
Definition
| Ensured that access ramps were installed in public buildings. |
|
|
