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| Opponents of the Constitution during the fight over ratification |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| The first constitution of the United States, adopted during the last stages of the Revolutionary War, created a system of government with most power lodged in the states and little in the central government |
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| similar to checks and balances where you split the government so it has to rely on the other side for help in making decisions |
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| the act of having two legislative chamber s or houses. The House and the Senate. |
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| The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, concerned with the protection of basic liberties |
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| a large sum of money given from the government but they have the say in how it must be spent. Used for general activities |
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| Someone who works outside or gets their hands dirty. Farmers, mechanics, plumbers, factory workers |
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| An economics system characterized by private ownership of productive assets where decisions about how to use these assets are made by individuals and firms operating in a market rather than be government |
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| federal aid to states and localities clearly specifying what the money can be used for |
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| The constitutional principle that government power shall be divided and that the fragment power shall be divided and that the fragments should balance or check one another to prevent tyranny |
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| the idea of a limited government and individuals with rights of liberty, such as the freedom of religion, speech, press etc. |
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| The period of tense relations between the United States and the Soviet Union from the late 1940s to the late 1980s |
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| the US Congress shall have power "To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes" |
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| written by Thomas Paine during the American Revolution to inspire Americans to step up to the British and declare freedom |
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| Powers under the Constitution that are shared by the federal government and the states |
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| A loose association of states or territorial units formed for a common purpose |
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| Also called the Great Compromise; the compromise between the New Jersey and Virginia Plans formulated by the Connecticut delegates at the Constitutional Convention; called for a lower legislative house based on population size and an upper house based on equal representation of the states |
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| The basic framework of law that prescribes how government is to be organized, how decisions are to be made, and what powers and responsibilities it shall have |
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| The most fundamental beliefs in a national population about human nature, the country, government, and the economy |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| 1776 document stating that the 13 American colonies were no longer under British rule, but are now free. |
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| A system of self-government by the people; rule by the many |
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| A form of political decision making in which the public business is decided by all citizens meeting in small assemblies |
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| The section of the Fourteenth Amendment that prohibits states from depriving anyone of life, liberty, or property “without due process of law”, a guarantee against unfair government action |
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| Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, also called the necessary and proper clause; gives Congress the authority to make whatever laws are necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated responsibilities |
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| Elected representative of the states whose votes formally elect the President of the United States; the number of electors in each state is equal to the total number of its senators and representatives in the House and are almost always cast in a block for the candidate who wins a plurality of the vote in a state in the quadrennial presidential election |
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| Powers of the federal government specifically mentioned in the Constitution |
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| branch concerning the president |
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| A system in which significant governmental powers are divided between a central government and smaller units, such as states |
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| Proponents of the Constitution during the ratification fight; also the political party of Hamilton, Washington and Adams |
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| A substitute term for capitalism, used primarily in the United States. Private property is protected and decisions are made by firms and individuals operating in markets |
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| Same as capitalism; an economic system characterized by competitive markets and private ownership |
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| The institution that allows for buying and selling by private individuals and firms. Worked out by Adam Smith who wrote the book The Wealth of Nations |
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| The provision in Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution that provides that states must respect the public acts, laws, and judicial rulings of other states |
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| The increasing tendency of information, products, and financial capital to flow across national borders, with the effect of more tightly integrating the global economy |
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| An Indian immigrant came to the US, received an education and invented Google; proof that immigration has positive side effects. |
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| Funds from the national government to state and local governments to help pay for programs created by the national government |
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| Gross domestic product (GDP) |
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| monetary value of all goods and services produced in a nation each year |
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| When someone from a different country relocates to another country. |
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| When the US started producing technology for many man powered jobs. Made producing increase and happened relatively all at the same time |
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| Getting technology to replace manpower. |
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| Phrase used to describe slavery in documents. A decision could not be made on slavery, so they simply called it ‘involuntary servitude’ |
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| The policy of avoiding involvement in the affairs of other countries |
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| Popular term for the system of legally sanctioned racial segregation that existed in the American South until the middle of the twentieth century |
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| The power of the supreme Court to declare actions of the other branches and levels of government unconstitutional |
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| Branch involving the House and Senate. They are responsible for making laws |
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| the freedom of religion, press, speech, assembly and free markets that every individual has the right to have |
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| A device used by the southern states to prevent African Americans from voting before the passage of Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
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| The form of political decision making in which policies are decided on the basis of what a majority of the people want |
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| Suppression of the rights and liberties of a minority by the majority |
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| Another term for Capitalism |
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| Household income number at which half of households make more income and half make less income |
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| Rule by the one, where power rests in an individual leader, such as a dictator or hereditary monarch |
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| A governmental system with many chambers or branches |
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| Antiforeign; applied to political movements active in the nineteenth century |
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| Necessary and proper clause |
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| Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, also known as the Elastic Clause; gives Congress the authority to make whatever laws are necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated responsibilities |
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| Proposal of the smaller states at the Constitutional Convention to create a government based on equal representation of the states in a unicameral legislature |
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| Rule by the few, where a minority group holds power over a majority, as in an aristocracy or a clerical establishment |
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| The set of core beliefs in a country that help shape how people behave politically and what they believe government should do |
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| The principle that says that each person carries equal weight in the conduct of the public business |
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| The principle that citizens in a democracy are protected from government interference in the exercise of a range of basic freedoms, such as the freedoms of speech, association and conscience |
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| The process by which individuals come to have certain core beliefs and political attitudes |
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| The basic principle of democracy that the people ultimately rule |
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| The belief that the common person is every bit as good as those with wealth and power |
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| The federal government’s calculation of the amount of income families of various sizes need to stay out of poverty. In 2006, it was 20,000 for a family of four |
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| pen name that the Federalists identified themselves by when writing The Federalist Papers |
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| to approve a document and make it an official law or contract |
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| Indirect democracy, in which the people rule through elected representatives |
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| Republicanism, eighteenth century |
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| A political doctrine advocating limited government based on popular consent, protected against majority tyranny; not associated with the modern Republican Party |
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| The tenth amendment to the Constitution, reserving powers to the states or the people |
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| The distribution of government legislative, executive, and judicial powers to separate branches of government |
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| The idea that government is the result of an agreement among people to form one, and that people have the right to create an entirely new government if the terms of the contract have been violated by the existing one PART TWO: A philosophical device used by Enlightenment thinkers such as Locke, Rousseau and Harrington to suggest that governments are only legitimate if they are created by a voluntary compact among the people |
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| a nation armed with nuclear weapons and able to project force anywhere on the globe |
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| The provision in Article VI of the Constitution that states that the Constitution and the laws and treaties of the United States are the supreme law of the land, taking precedence over state laws and constitutions |
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| A government that systematically violates the rights of individuals |
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| A legislative body with a single chamber |
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| Urbanization and industrialization |
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| both go somewhat in hand. Because of industrialization, people started to urbanize by populating more in one area creating a city. |
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| to forbid or to stop a document from becoming legalized |
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| Proposal by the large states at the Constitutional Convention to create a strong central government with power in the government apportioned to the states on the basis of population |
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| Suffrage in a sense. The right as a citizen to vote. |
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| People who work in an office or firm. |
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| ***The Framers believed in eighteenth century republicanism – a political doctrine advocating limited government based on popular consent, protected against majority tyranny*** |
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| poor farmers angered by crushing debt and taxes. Failure to repay such debts often resulted in imprisonment in debtor's prisons or the claiming of property by the government. |
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| Second Continental Congress |
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| a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met beginning on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun. They are the people who wrote the Declaration of Independence |
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| Reserved Powers Supremacy Clause |
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| The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. |
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