Term
|
Definition
| Gives Congress the means to execute its enuemerated powers(expressed). Also called the necessary and proper clause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Problems are defined as political issues. Factors that set the agenda are highly visible events(oil spills, natural disasters) and the effects of technology(air polution) and irrational human behavior) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total income that consumers, businesses, government, wish to spend on goods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Act of giving money to spend on programs |
|
|
Term
| Appropriations Committees |
|
Definition
| Decide which programs passed by authorization committees will actually be funded. (given money to spend) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Committees of Congress that can authorize spending in their particular areas of Responsibility |
|
|
Term
| Balanced Budget Act (BBA) |
|
Definition
| Promised to balance the budget by 2002 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Having two branches or chambers of government(House and Senate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount Government agencies are authorized to spend on current and future programs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One Committee in each house of Congress that supervises a comprehensive budget review process. |
|
|
Term
| Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) |
|
Definition
| A law, that distinguishs between mandatory(uncontrollable) and discretionary(controllable) spending. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount that government agencies are expected to spend in a fiscal year. Expenditures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The reacurring expansion and contraction of business activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Solving problems for constituents, especially problems in government agencies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A closed meeting of the members of a political party to decide questions fo policy and the selection of candidates for office |
|
|
Term
| Center for Disease Control |
|
Definition
| Created by congress, and given appropriationed funds |
|
|
Term
| Central Intelligence Agency |
|
Definition
| Created by congress, and given appropriationed funds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Set rules for how the Senate is allowed to debate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A means of limiting a debate. A mechanism by which a filibuster is cut off in senate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Whole House or Whole Senate. Entire Chamber to debate. must have a quorum(50%+1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A principle of international trade that states that all nations will benefit when each nation specializes in those goods that it can producemost efficiently |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irons out differneces between pieces of Legislation. COmpromised version of bill is sent back to house and senate for another vote. They can only address points of difference between version. May NOT add or remove integral components of the legislation |
|
|
Term
| Congressional Budget Office (CBO) |
|
Definition
| Supply Budgetary expertise equal to presidents OMB, prepares alternative budget. Broke down because Reagan submitted heavy military budget and huge deficits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| voters in a legislators district |
|
|
Term
| Council of Economic Advisors (CEA) |
|
Definition
| A group that works within the executive branch to provide advice on maintaining a stable economy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spending in excess of tax revenues, to combat economic slumps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| legislator whose primary responsibility is to represent the majority view of his or her constituents, regardless of his or her view |
|
|
Term
| Descriptive Representation |
|
Definition
| constituents are most effectively represented by legislators who are similar to them in key demographic characteristics race, ethnicity, religion, or gender |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the art of dealing with people in a sensitive and effective way,the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Programs that congress has the choice of funding(flexible) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| policies designed to confer a benefit on a particular institution or group(pay for taxes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Expenditures authorized to be spent from the total amount of appropriated during the year |
|
|
Term
| Earmark/Pork Barrel Legislation |
|
Definition
| little pieces added on that cannot go through by themselves. Tack on to specifically allocate funds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high unemployment and business failures |
|
|
Term
| Efficient Market Hypothesis |
|
Definition
| market response to highs and will fix itself to reach a point of balance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| benefits to every eligible person. has a legal right and government cannot deny them without changing the law. |
|
|
Term
| Environmental Protection Agency |
|
Definition
| Created by Congress and given appropriation funds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taxes on property when die |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| levied on consumption of goods. Taxed because we use things. Like sales tax but not. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pack between the heads of two countries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes change in money and money in circulation. Controls monetary policies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central bank of US. control inflation, maintain max employment, insure moderate interest rates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a delaying tactics used in senate. Involves speech making to prevent action on a piece of legislation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change in government spending and taxing. president and congress in act demand too low. too much demand cut spending or raise taxes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The 12 month period from October 1 to Sept 30 used by the government for accounting purposes. name for the year in which it ends. |
|
|
Term
| Food and Drug Administration |
|
Definition
| Created by legislature funds appropriated to it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Created by Congress. Funds appropriated to it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phenomenon of attacking a single problem in different and competing ways. caused by fundamental nature of gov. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An economic policy that allows businesses in different nations to sell and buy goods without paying tarrifs or other limitations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connected to bills. Rules Committee. connected to topics of a bill |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when lines are drawn to the advantage of a particular group. drawing the district lines within the state is held by state legislators |
|
|
Term
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) |
|
Definition
| value of goods and services actually produced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Domestic program authorized and appropriated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| only can be done by House. The formal charging of government official with "treason, bribery, and other high crimes and misdemeanors" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of putting specific policies into operation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| budgetmaking that involves adding new funds onto amount previously budgeted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an economic condition characterized by price increases linked to a decrease in the value of currency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| conception of problem at hand. tries to get people to see broad new world |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shared knowledge group of many representatives of many interests involved. NOT just congressman. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mixture of house and senate together to talk about legislature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aggregate demand can be adjusted through combo of fiscal and monetary policy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| absence of government control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Program given appropriated funds by congress. Failed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forcing through legislation. tack on something to a piece of legislature. force authorization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| head of the majority party in the senate. the second-highest ranking member of the majority party in the house. Speaker of House above them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When measuring population of country, legislature is out of balance and needs to be corrected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| already created and funded by law. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| money reserved by previous commitments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| committees debate and amend legislation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3rd highest in House. part of the party not with most people. if leading is republican then minority is democrate |
|
|
Term
| Minority/Majoriting districting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| impacts money available by federal reserve board. How much money costs. availability of money |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| changes in money supply and operates less directly on economy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| companies that control a majority of businesses in a specific trade. |
|
|
Term
| National Security Advisor |
|
Definition
| help president create a coherent approach to foreign policy |
|
|
Term
| National Security Council |
|
Definition
| Agency like headstart from legislation(domestic program authorized and appropriated) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not part of gov. and cannot distribute profits to anyone else. receives tax breaks from government |
|
|
Term
| Office of Management and Budget |
|
Definition
| budgeting arm of executive office, prepares presidents budget. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of reviewing the operations of an agency to determine whether it is carrying out policies as congress intended |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Congress appropriates funds and take those funds from somewhere else |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bill gets set aside and ignores its existence. too costly wait to fund it. or proposal of another group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| analysis of results of public policy. use to provide concrete measurements of program outcomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formal proposals are developed and adopted. sometimes not published, formulates policy though regulations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| power of congress to enact laws by which the national government assumes total or partial responsibility for a state government function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| officer of senate, majority party and elected. if president of senate is not present they are leader. (Not participate in voting-president) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total value of goods and services that can be produced when economy is working at full capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measure to protect domestic trade, tariff, regulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sum of all unpaid gov. deficits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Created by Congress and Appropriated Funds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general plan of action adopted by gov. to solve a social problem a threat or pursue an object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs positive if unites a group or bad if divides vote. Divides lines to disadvantage of racial identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| redistribution of seats in a House of Rep every 10 years based on census data |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount obtained in taxes and other revenues |
|
|
Term
| Redistributional Policies |
|
Definition
| take gov. resources to confer a benefit on a particular institution or group (pay for through taxes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a tax imposed in such a manner that the tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rules that guide the operation of a government program |
|
|
Term
| Resolutions: simple, concurrent, joint |
|
Definition
| passed by either house or senate, passed by both houses but not passed by executive branck or in law, passed by both into law. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| House alone has right to start this type of bill |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| temporary committee created for a specific purpose and disbanded once fulfilled. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| years of consecutive service on a particular committee. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a guarantee against loss by individuals without regard to need |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| entitlement programs. social welfare portions of funds appropriated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| entitlement programs. social welfare portions of funds appropriated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presiding officer of House. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| joint occurrence of slow growth, unemployment, and inflantion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| always their. Never changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase supply of goods; tax cuts for investors, less regulation of businesses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two commities of congress responsible for raising revenue with which to run the gov. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No term limits for Congress. President limited to 2 terms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| payment by gov. to an individual, mainly through social security or unemployment insurance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an individual person or member of a board given control or powers of administration of property in trust with a legal obligation to administer it solely for the purposes specified. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presidents disapproval of a bill that has been passed by congress |
|
|
Term
| Votes: teller, voice, division, roll call, electronic |
|
Definition
|
|
