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| govn. policy that attempted to manage the economy by controlling taxing and spending. |
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| govn. policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the money supply and thus interest rates. |
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| the tax levied on imports to help protect a nation's industries, labor or farmers from foreign competition. |
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| office management and budget |
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Definition
| the presidential staff agency that serves as a clearinghouse for budgetary requests and management improvements for govn. agencies |
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| congressional budget office |
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Definition
| an agency of tax revenue due to federal laws that provide special tax incentives or benefits to individuals or businesses. |
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| a loss of tax revenue due to federal laws that provide special tax incentives or benefits to individuals or businesses |
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| a tax on increased value of a product at each stage of production and distribution and distribution rather than just at the point of sale. |
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| the amount of interest a bank charge for loans to each other. |
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| a theory that opposes governmental interference in economic affairs beyond what is necessary to protect life and property. |
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| an economic theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes stating that govn. spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms. |
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| an imbalance in international trade in which the value of imports exceeds the value of exports |
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| domination of an industry by a single company |
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| federal laws that try to prevent a monopoly from dominating an industry and restraining trade. |
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| a company with a labor agreement under which union membership is a condition of employment |
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| a company in which new employees must join a union within a stated period. |
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| a court order forbidding specific individuals or groups from performing certain acts that the court considers harmful to the rights and property of an employer or a community |
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Definition
| a method whereby representatives of the union and employer determine wages, hours, and other conditions of employment through direct negotiation |
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| environmental impact statement |
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Definition
| a statement requried by federal law from all agencies for any project using federal funds to assess the potential effect of the new construction or development on the environment |
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| corporate social responsibility |
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Definition
| efforts by corporations to improve their reprutation by paying attention to their contributions to the social good |
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Definition
| a policy promoting cutbacks in the amount of federal regulation in specific areas of economic activity |
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| programs such as unemployment insurance, disaster relief, or disability payments that provide benefits to all eligible citizen |
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| means-tested entitlements |
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Definition
| programs such as Medicaid and welfare under which applicants must meet eligibility requirements based on needs |
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| the many programs that the federal govn. provides to protect Americans against economic and social misfortune. |
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| programs in which eligibility is based on prior contributions to government, usually in the form of payroll taxes. |
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Term
| health maintenance organization |
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Definition
| an alternative means of health care in which people or their employers are charged a set amount and the HMO provides health care and covers hospital costs |
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Term
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| an alternative means of health care in which individuals make tax-deductable contributions to a special acct. that can be used to pay medical expenses. |
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Definition
a theory of international relations that focuses on the tendency of nations to operate from self-interest
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| a theory of international relations that focuses on the hope that nations will act together to solve international problems and promote peace |
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| the desire to avoid international engagement altogether |
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| the belief that nations must engage in international problem solving |
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| a philosophy that encourages individual nations to act on their own when facing threats from the nations |
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| a policy adopted by the Bush administration in 01' that asserts American's right to attack any nation that has weapons of mass destruction that may be used against the US interests at home or abroad. |
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| a philosophy that encourages indivduals nations to act together to solve international problems. |
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| a policy of taking action before the US is attacked rather than waiting for provocation |
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| reliance of economics and military strength to solve international problems. |
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| reliance on diplomacy and negotiation to solve international problems. |
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| a theory that is based on creating enough military strength to persuade other nations not to attack first. |
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| trade status granted as part of an international trade policy that gives a nation the same favorable trade concessions and tariffs that the best trading partners receive. |
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| denial of export, import, or financial relations with a target country in an effort to change that nation's policies |
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