Caspar David Friedrich, Monastery Graveyard in the Snow, 1817-19

Cologne Cathedral, general view, begun 1248, re-begun c.1820

Cluny III, b 1088, cons. 1095, plan

In Burguny.  Founded by William Duke of Aquatane, 909.  Gave it Revenue producing land.  freed it of any episcopal authority - the Abbot of Cluny answered only to the Pope. 

Cluny III largest church when built under Abbott Hugh in 1088, altar consecrated in 1095.  Building begun at East end where altars were so they could be funtional as soon as possible.  All that remains now is one of the transcepts.  Cluny 3 exemplifys many aspects of Romanesque and the Regional Burgundy Style.

East end most liturgically important - hold sanctuary and choir.  Lots of chapels which had altars - first to have substantial number of these. 

Interior has several key points of romanesque:

• 3 storie elevation
• barrel vaults
• vault responds: supports of nave arcade are known as compound.
• bay divisions are distinctive - shafts between bays rise to the ceiling - Vertical Articulation
• Arcade: used to be simgle olumns, classical - Piers at Cluny III are so large they are various cut stones carefully pieced.  - a Compound Pier.
  

Cluny III, b 1088, cons. 1095, int. recons.

Cluny III, b 1088, cons. 1095, w. portal recons.

Pontigny, b. c. 1140, f. 1210, int., s. nave aisle

Burgundy

Had Pointed groin vaults - Close to pointed rib vaults. 

Burgundy tended to have thinner walls.  Used Solid Ashlar Masonry.

Durham Cathedral, b. 1093, nave vaulted by 1120s, int

Earliest major surviving rib vaults.  Nave Vaults and Trancepts still survive.

Rib vaults have several advantages -

• Aesthetic : have emphasis on vaults - groin vaults are amorphous and irregular - ribs are very precise.  provide Visual Support
• Ribs have constructional Advantage: begin by building ribs first, add stones progressively until the key stone - only need supports for the ribs.

Rib vaults in Durham experimental - Transverse arches every two bays.  the Clerestory passage is an Anglo Norman Feature. 

Still Thick Wall Construction

Durham Cathedral, b. 1093, nave vaulted by 1120s, vault springings

Paris, St-Pierre-de-Montmartre, c.1133-47, int., n. side of nave

Built under King Louis 6 and Adelaide Savoy (wife)

Vault and Front face of piers rebuilt in 15th century.   Orriginally they had pointed arches. 

THIN WALL CONSTRUCTION.  orriginal piers. This is very UNLIKE Anglo Norman Influence. Piers are bulky.

Saint-Denis, c.1135-1140, w. facade (before rest.)

very elaborate - the ceremonial function is emphasized.  Bronze doors were made for it but destroyed by those pesky french revolutionaries. Associated with the French Kings. Precursor to Royal portals at Chartres.

Saint-Denis, c.1135-1140, w. facade portals, column statues (engr.)

Saint-Denis, c.1135-40, w. facade portals, head of Moses

Still Romanesque in Conception.  Sculpted Tympanums were popular in Burgundy. 

Saint-Denis, c.1135-1140, w. block, int.

The visual supports that lead up to the ceiling. Attached Shafts for every rib vault.  Typical for early gothic. 

Saint-Denis, c.1140-1144, ambulatory and radiating chapels, plan

12 piers in main arcade = the 12 apostles.  in ambulatory - minor spostles in old testament. 

Vézelay, abbey church of La Madeleine, east end, c.1160-80, int.

Vézelay, abbey church of La Madeleine, east end, c.1160-80, ext.

Sens Cathedral, b. early 1140s, int.

Sens Cathedral, b. early 1140s, int., elev. of choir

Sens Cathedral, b. early 1140s, recons. of orig. choir elev.

Plans (to scale) of: Saint-Denis abbey church; Sens Cath.; Laon Cath.; Cath. of Notre-Dame, Paris

Noyon Cathedral, mid-12th century, e. end. int.

Noyon Cathedral, mid-12th century, nave, int.

Noyon Cathedral, mid-12th century, s. transept, int.

Laon Cathedral, b. c.1155-60, f. prob. c.1210, int., nave elev.

Laon Cathedral, b. c.1155-60, f. prob. c.1210, int. n. transept

Laon Cathedral, b. c.1155-60, f. prob. c.1210, section

Laon Cathedral, b. c.1155-60, f. prob. c.1210, transverse buttress wall under gallery roof

Laon Cathedral, b. c.1155-60, f. prob. c.1210, recons. of original tower arrangement

Laon Cathedral, b. c.1155-60, f. prob. c.1210, w. facade

Laon Cathedral, b. C.11550-60, f. prob. c.1210, sw. tower

Villard de Honnecourt, drawing of a tower of Laon Cathedral, c.1230-35

Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris, b. c.1163, int., intersection of n. transept and choir

Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris, b. c.1163, int., nave elev.

Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris, b. c.1163, ext., s. side of church

Notre-Dame Cathedral, Paris, b. c.1163, flying buttresses

Chartres Cathedral, west facade

Chartres Cathedral, west facade, s. spire, f. c.1170

Chartres Cathedral, Royal Portal, c.1145-55

Chartres Cathedral, Royal Portal, c.1145-55, left tympanum

Chartres Cathedral, Royal Portal, c.1145-55, right tympanum

Chartres Cathedral, Royal Portal, c.1145-55, central tympanum

Chartres Cathedral, Royal Portal, c.1145-55, central tympanum, det. of Christ

Chartres Cathedral, Royal Portal, c.1145-55, right archivolts, Aristotle

Chartres Cathedral, Royal Portal, c.1145-55, column-statues

Senlis Cathedral, west portal, c.1165-70

Senlis Cathedral, west portal, c.1165-70, det., left jamb

Chartres Cathedral, b. after 1194 fire, ext., n. transept facade

Chartres Cathedral, n. porch, early 13th century, central portal

Chartres Cathedral, n. porch, early 13th century, central portal, det. Coronation of the Virgin

Chartres Cathedral, n. porch, early 13th century, central portal, left jamb

Chartres Cathedral, St Eustace window, c.1210: Eustace hunting

Chartres Cathedral, St Eustace window, c.1210: Martyrdom of St Eustace

Chartres Cathedral, Miracles of the Virgin window, c.1205-15, "Cult of Carts" scene

Chartres Cathedral, Good Samaritan window, c.1205-15: det.