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| The study of the stars, planets, and all other heavenly bodies. |
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| Scientists who study outer space, try to understand what stars,planets, and all other heavenly bodies are like and what affect they have on each other. |
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| layers of air surrounding the Earth |
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| The top most region of the atmosphere where there is little to no air. |
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| An area containing no air or any other matter, space is almost a vacuum. |
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| the force that resists motion, because there is no air in space, there is no friction caused by air either. |
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| In space you would need a space suit to protect you from extremes in temperature(over 200 degrees in the sunlight and well below 0 degrees in the shade)-on Earth the atmosphere shields us from extreme heat and insulates us from extreme cold. |
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| a star system containing from millions to billions of stars |
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| Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is one of 40 galaxies grouped in a cluster known as the Local Group |
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| this galaxy is visible with the naked eye on a dark night |
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| The three galaxies closest to ours |
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Sagittarius Dwarf galaxy,
Large Magellanic Cloud,(visible with naked eye in the Southern Hemisphere)
Small Magellanic Cloud(visible with naked eye in the Southern Hemisphere) |
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| our Local Group of galaxies is part of a larger group known as a supercluster |
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| the Milky way and the Andromeda galaxy look like giant pinwheels and are called spiral galaxies |
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| some spiral galaxies look like the spiral arms are attached to a straight "bar" that runs through the center of the galaxy |
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| when viewed from the side these galaxies resemble eggs or footballs; some elliptical galaxies are almost spherical. Compared to spiral galaxies,elliptical ones are not as structured and do not contain as much free gas or dust. |
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Galaxies composed of stars clumped together in no definite shape
Example: Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud |
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| In addition to stars, many galaxies contain nebulae- large clouds of gas and dust floating in space. |
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| the stars outlining an imaginary picture are called a constellation, many have names that have been used since ancient times. |
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the North Star or the Pole Star
Seen in the Northern Hemisphere- certain constellations appear to revolve around the North Star. The North Star does not appear to move in the sky because it is located directly above the northern end of the earth's axis of rotation |
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| an imaginary line that stretches from pole to pole through the interior of the earth, around which the earth rotates |
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| constellations that can be seen in the early evening during spring |
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| constellations that can best be viewed in the autumn |
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constellation in the north sky also called : Ursa Major
this constellation contains the Big Dipper- to find the North Star imagine a straight line drawn through the two outer stars in the dipper's bowl(known as Pointers) |
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the constellation that contains Polaris or the North Star...
also called Ursa Minor or more commonly called Little Dipper |
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constellation named after a mythical queen of Ethopia
Made of five bright stars that really look like a huge M or W. |
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| five-sided constellation named after Cassiopeia's husband |
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According to mythology, Cassiopeia and Cepheus had a daughter named, Andromeda.
Her beauty made others jealous, so she was chained to a rock to be devoured by a huge whale. The stars in Andromeda seem to depict a lady bound with a chain. Near Andromeda's knee is the Andromeda galaxy. The whale below her is too far below the horizon for us to see him. |
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| not a constellation itself, but a group of stars in the constellations of Andromeda and Pegasus |
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| The most distant object that can be seen with the naked eye |
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| The Andromeda Galaxy found near the knee of the Andromeda(the lady in Chains) constellation |
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constellation depicting Perseus the mythical hero who killed the whale saving Andromeda and later married her.
The brightest star in this constellation is Algol which is actually two stars or a binary star. |
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| the flying horse of Greek mythology Three stars in the Great Square make up the horses wing |
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| Regulus is the brightest star in Leo and marks one of the lion's front paws |
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| the outline of the lion's head in the constellation Leo--- makes the shape of a sickle |
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also called Cygnus
the brightest star is called Deneb |
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Gemini resembles twin brothers holding hands
brightest star: are Castor and Pollux
the heads of the two boys |
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Draco, the Dragon Constellation
the long tail of the dragon curves around the Little Dipper |
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the brightest of all the constellations
one hand holds a shield, the other hand raises a club- a bright sword hangs by his side
Brightest stars are Betelgeuse- his right shoulder, and Rigel -his left foot
The glow among Orion's sword is known as the Great Nebula |
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| Glow of gas and dust surrounding the stars of Orion the Great Hunter's Sword. |
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His eye, the large orange star, Aldebaran, is red with rage- but he retreats before the shield of Orion the hunter
Has the star cluster known as Pleiades at the tip of one of it's horns |
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| The star cluster, Pleiades |
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located at the tip of one of it's horns in the constellation, The Bull, Taurus
The Pleiades are mentioned in Job 9:8-9 and 38:31 and in Amos 5:8 |
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stands below and to the east of Orion the Hunter-- appears to accompany him
Brightest star named Sirius (the brightest star in the night sky) |
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| The brightest star in the night sky, in the constellation Canis Major, the Big Dog |
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| The most important star to Earth |
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| the gases that mainly make up the Sun |
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| the largest object in the solar system |
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| distance the sun is from the Earth |
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| the hottest region of the sun the center |
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| the suns visible surface also called the "sphere of light" |
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| patches of gas that are cooler than the rest of the sun and therefore not as bright |
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| actual brightness of a star- how much light the star produces |
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| by contrast, the apparent brightness of a star as seen from the earth |
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| the apparent magnitude of a star depends on 2 things |
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| actual brightness and distance from the earth |
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| A pair of stars that appear very close together from our perspective on the earth but which are actually far apart |
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| An occurrence where a star will suddenly flare up to many times its original brightness |
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| In contrast to a nova which leaves the star unharmed, a supernova is the actual explosion of a star |
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| A faint "wind" of high-speed gas particles that stream into space from the sun's corona |
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| Dark patches on the sun's surface caused by the sun's magnetic field |
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| The sun's visible surface |
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| The hottest region of the sun's atmosphere, extending hundreds of thousands of miles from the sun's surface |
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| The hot central part of the sun |
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| Tremendous bursts of energy caused by sudden changes in the sun's magnetic field |
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| Unit used to measure giant distances, such as the distances between the stars; equal to about 5.9 trillon miles |
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| How far is the sun from the earth? |
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| absolute is the true brightness apparent is the apparent brightness |
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| what is the difference between absolute magnitude and apparent magnitude? |
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| Which is brighter, a star with a magnitude of 0, a star with a magnitude of 1.5 or a star with a magnitude of 6? |
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| A Group of two stars that circle around each other |
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| Huge loops of cooler gas erupting thousands of miles from the chromosphere that are suspended in space by the sun's magnetic field |
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