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| Created the Mormon religion in 1830 when he published The Book of Mormon |
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| A Mormon leader who helped the Mormons leave Illinois and settle in present-day Utah to avoid persecution |
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| A religious group founded by Joseph Smith...have beliefs that were criticized very harshly in the past for polygamy and too much power in one man |
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| 1862; stated that anyone who would agree to cultivate 160 acres of land for five years would receive title to that land by federal government |
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| Women who settled west had more freedom and flexibility. They began taking on roles traditionally open for men |
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| Roles of African Americans |
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| Many served as cowhands, cowboys, and soldiers in the Army... Buffalo Soldiers were members of four all black regiments that served with distinction and were very brave |
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| Chinese immigrants settled on the West Coast and helped build railroads |
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| Settled in the northern Midwest; like the Chinese, they also built railroads |
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| Richest discovery of precious ores in history; 1859; western Nevada |
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| Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 |
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| Distributed millions of acres of western territory to state governments, who then sold the land to fund agriculture "land grant" colleges. |
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| Houses in the Midwest were built from sturdy sod since settles lacked wood and other building materials |
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| In 1889, Congress opened the once-Indian territory of Oklahoma to white settlers. People raced to to claim land and get there as fast as they could |
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| 1887; passed by Congress to break up Indian reservations, give families individual plots of land, and assimilate them into white culture and society |
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| Leader of the Nez Perce tribe... led a masterful retreat from US forces and tried to escape with his tribe to Canada but was stopped 30 miles from the border |
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| An Indian tribe led by Chief Joseph that were forced to move to a reservation, tried to flee to Canada, but were stopped at the border. Most died of disease or starvation. |
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| Battle of Little Big Horn |
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| 1876; Sioux retaliated against US for forcing them to move... George Armstrong Custer attempted to surprise the Indians but failed. He underestimated the Sioux, who killed him and 200 of his men |
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| US surprised 500 Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek after they had raided mining camps and settlements...left 270 Indians dead |
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| Sioux holy man, Wovoka, developed a religious dance called the Ghost Dance. Settlers became alarmed, thought they were planning an uprising, and called in troops, who tried to arrest Sitting Bull. Gunshots killed 14, including Sitting Bull, and soldiers fought at Wounded Knee Creek, killing 150 Indians |
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| Helen Hunt Jackson's "Century of Dishonor" |
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| A book written in 1881 that drew national attention to the sufferings of the Native Americans and the horrible treatment of the US towards them |
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| Black cowboy soldiers who fought against Native Americans |
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| Where the two railroads met and a celebration was held by driving in a golden stake to finish connecting them |
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| Transcontinental Railroad |
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| Took lots of time and hard work to complete (most by immigrants) and connected the entire country |
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| A cooperative for farmers that helped them pool their resources to purchase new machinery and supplies, as well as to sell their produce without having to pay distributors |
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| Another farming cooperative |
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| A farming cooperative for southern farmers |
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| A farming cooperative for mainly southern colored farmers |
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| Established by the Populists in 1892. Called for the unlimited coinage of silver, government regulation of railroads and industry, a graduated income tax, and a number of election reforms |
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| Passed in 1887 by Grover Cleveland.... provided for the creation of an Interstate Commerce Commission and regulated railroad rates in the name of public interest |
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| Subsidies paid to farmers by the government if their goods did not sell due to overproduction |
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| The Democratic candidate for the 1896 election... a fiery speaker who backed bimetallism and was supported by the Populists |
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| Bryan's famous speech that spoke against the gold standard. "You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns..You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold!" |
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| Popular in the treeless west because it did not require lumber; protected crops from cattle |
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| Allowed cold items to be shipped across the country on trains |
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| Helped farmers power water to the surface for irrigation and drinking |
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| Pooled resources and worked to change economic conditions for farmers |
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| Invented by John Deere; allowed farmers to rip through the tough prairie sod for farming |
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| Buying the companies that provide for your company...ex. a car company buying a tire company |
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| Buying out other companies in the same business to eliminate competition.. ex. Verizon buying Alltel |
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| Interlocking Directorates |
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| Two boards of directors which share at least one director in common; illegal if the two companies are competitors. |
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