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| A period of time before the Civil War when mainly educated northerners fought against slavery through raids, debates, literature, speeches, and even violence. |
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| Laws that seriously limited the action of slaves |
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| A network of people who helped slaves escape to the North led by Harriet Tubman |
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| An escaped slave that was a hero of the abolitionist movement and returned to the South 19 times to help slaves escape |
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| 1854; Allowed the previously free and unorganized territories of Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether or not to permit slavery (popular sovereignty). |
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| Violent, bloody fights in Kansas between pro-slavery forces and abolitionist settlers |
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| Formed by a coalition of Democrats, Whigs, Free Soilers, and former Know-Nothings; did not call for the immediate abolition of slavery but opposed it |
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| Sumner opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act and spoke out about it and its authors. Preston Brooks, who was related to one of the authors, became outraged and beat Sumner with a cane, almost killing him. |
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| If a territory had no slave laws, then it could not have slaves. |
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| Public debates between Lincoln and Democrat Stephen A. Douglas.... Lincoln opposed expanding slavery, and Douglas agreed with popular sovereignty in the issue |
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| Anti-slavery extension; pro-labor |
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| Congress admitted California as a free state and declared the unorganized western territories free as well |
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| Dred Scott v. Sanford 1857 |
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| 1857; Slaves could not sue because they were not citizens. Slave owners could not be deprived of their 'property' without due process of law. |
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| John Brown and Harper's Ferry |
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| 1859; Brown attacked the federal arsenal in Harper's Ferry, Virginia to try and give slaves weapons to revolt |
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| Required that northern states forcibly return escaped slaves to their owners in the South. |
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| Missouri Compromise of 1850 |
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1. California admitted as free
2. Slave TRADE abolished in D.C.
3. New Mexico and Utah organized under popular sovereignty
4. Fugitive Slave Act passed
5. Texas gave up western land they claimed and received compensation |
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| A famous novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that unveiled the truths about slavery and got abolitionists riled up |
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| Lincoln won. Worried that he would abolish slavery, southern states left the Union and formed the Confederate States of America, led by Jefferson Davis. |
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| Union-owned fort was running out of supplies...Lincoln sent relief ships but Confederates attacked the fort before the ships could arrive |
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| President and Union supporter...Thought slavery was a moral evil |
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| First-and only-president of the Confederate States of America. |
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| The group of southern states that left the Union and believed in slavery |
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| First Battle of Bull Run/Manassas |
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| July 21st, 1861; First confrontation between the two armies....fought 30 miles from D.C. and was a humiliating defeat for the Union. Led Lincoln to adopt the Anaconda Plan. |
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| Assassinated Lincoln at Ford's Theatre |
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| Sept. 17, 1862; Lee tried to invade the North in secrecy. Battle plans were found at an abandoned campsite and McClellan met Lee at Antietam Creek, Maryland. It was the bloodiest day of the war and halted Confederate advances. |
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| May 15- July 4, 1863; In order to obtain control of the Mississippi, the Union laid siege on Vicksburg until they surrendered. |
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| July 1-3, 1863; Bloodiest battle. Fought outside of Pennsylvania. Due to the loss of Stonewall Jackson, the Confederates were not strong and they lost. |
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| Four months after the battle...A speech Lincoln gave that dedicated a cemetery to all those killed at Gettysburg. It showed Lincoln's desire to reunite the country. |
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| Says that citizens can not be arrested without legitimate reason and due process....Can be suspended in times of war |
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| Lincoln beat George McClellan |
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| May-December, 1864; From Atlanta to Savannah, Union forces burned Confederate towns and supplies |
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| Winfield Scott's plan to restrict southern supplies and communications by seizing control of the Mississippi and instituting blockades |
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| Union Dems who criticized Lincoln and the war |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| Jan 1, 1863; freed Confederate slaves but not slaves in the border states |
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| African American Participation |
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| Freed slaves became soldiers and formed an all-black regiment that fought hard. Most freed slaves joined the war effort |
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| Where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865 |
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| Commander of the Confederate Army... a brilliant leader who gained many victories. He eventually surrendered. |
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| Union general who assumed complete command in 1864. Defeated the south and became the eighteenth president |
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| Union general that was brilliant but often proved too cautious and hesitant to attack...Fired twice by Lincoln and lost the election to him |
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| Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson |
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| Confederate general and Lee's right-hand man.... Got his nickname from holding his own in the 1st Battle of Bull Run and blocking off the Union soldiers...was shot |
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| Northerners who came down to the South after the war for business and to spread their ideas...Called carpetbaggers because they stuffed all their belongings into a small bag before they left |
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| Restricted rights of freed slaves in the south to keep blacks subordinate to whites |
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| A group that wore white hooded robes and were against black rights.... Used violence, threats, and even murder to intimidate blacks |
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| Family farmed a portion of the owner's land in return for housing, tools, and a small share of the crop |
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| Paid rent to work on a white's land and own the crops they grew |
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| Segregated whites and blacks and made them subordinate and only allowed them to use separate facilities |
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| A scheme by internal revenue collectors and whiskey distillers to cheat the government out of tax money...Grant's private secretary was a part |
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| Nickname for the South since they solidly supported Democratic candidates |
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| Troops oversaw reconstruction to keep an eye on the states so they couldn't rebel |
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| Freed all slaves and made slavery illegal |
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| Gave blacks citizenship rights |
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| Gave blacks voting rights |
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| Written by Congress and gave blacks citizenship rights. Johnson vetoed it, but Congress overrode the veto, and then the 13th Amendment was written |
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| Hayes beat Samuel Tilden by one electoral vote |
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| Democrats agreed to Hayes's presidency if Republicans agreed to end Reconstruction |
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