Term
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Definition
| In a dramatistic pentad created by a speaker or writer in order to invent material, the words the speaker or writer uses to describe what happened or happens in a particular situation |
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Term
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Definition
| Reading to experience the world of the text |
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Term
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Definition
In a dramatistic pentad created by a speaker or writer in order to invent material, the words the speaker or writer uses to describe the person or persons involved in taking action in a particular situation
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Term
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Definition
| created by a speaker or writer in order to invent material, the words the speaker or writer uses to describe the person or persons involved in taking action in a particular situation |
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Term
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Definition
| the goal a writer or speaker hopes to achieve with the text |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning or in the middle of two or more adjacent words. |
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Term
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Definition
| reference in a written or spoken text to another text or to some particular body of knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| the repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause |
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Term
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Definition
| the repetition of a group of words at the beginning of successive clauses |
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Term
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Definition
| a brief narrative offered in a text to capture the audience's attention or to support a generalization or claim |
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Term
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Definition
| word choice characterized by simple, often one or two syllable, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs |
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Term
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Definition
| the character who opposes the interest of the protagonist |
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Term
| antecedent-consequence relationship |
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Definition
| the relationship expressed by "if... then reasoning" |
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Term
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Definition
| one part of speech-for example, a noun-substituting for another-for example-a verb |
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Term
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Definition
| the technique a writer or speaker uses in an argumentative text to address and answer objections, even if the audience has not had the opportunity to voice these objections |
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Term
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Definition
| the repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse gramatical order |
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Term
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Definition
| the juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas, often in parallel structure |
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Term
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Definition
| a person or character who makes a case for some controversial, even contentious position |
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Term
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Definition
| an elaborate statement justifying some conteversial or even tentious position |
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Term
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Definition
| type of soliloquy where nature is addressed as though human |
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Term
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Definition
| one of three strategies for persuading audiences: logos, pathos, ethos |
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Term
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Definition
| in a text, the reference to words, action or beliefs of a person in authority as a means of supporting a claim, generalization or conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| a noun or noun phrase that follows another noun immediately and defines or amplifies its meaning. |
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Term
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Definition
| a carefully constructed well-supported representstion on how an author sees an issue, problem or subject |
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Term
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Definition
| an argument developed by breaking the sunject matter into its component parts |
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Term
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Definition
| a diagram showing the relations of a writer or speaker, audience and text in a rhetorical situatiom |
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Term
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Definition
| in a writtrn or spoken text, the placement of ideas for effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| the repetition of vowel sounds in the stressed syllables of two or more adjacent words |
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Term
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Definition
| an opinion or perspective or belief that the author thinks the audience holds |
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Term
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Definition
| the omission of conjunctions between related clauses |
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Term
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Definition
| in dramatistic pentad, created by writer in order to invent material, manner in which action is carried out |
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Term
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Definition
| the person or persons who listen or read a spoken text and are capable of respoding to it |
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Term
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Definition
Aristotle explained could be used to create subject matter: greater or less, possible and impossible, past fact and future fact |
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Term
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Definition
| the situation that results when writer constructs an argument on an assumption that the audiemce doesn't accept |
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Term
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Definition
| the planning act of the writing process, used by writer to generate ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the traditional elements of rhetorical composition- invention, arrangement, style, memory or deli9very |
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Term
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Definition
| a mental exercise to discover possibilities for analysis of communication |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship if something happens then this will happen as a result |
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Term
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Definition
| a personage in a narrative |
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Term
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Definition
| the ultimate conclusion, generalization, or point that a sylogism espresses. supported by evidence or argument |
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Term
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Definition
| the arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in order of inmcreasing # or importance |
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Term
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Definition
| a term referring to the schemes of climax and anadiplosis used together |
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Term
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Definition
| a test of reading ability that requires a person to fill in missing words in a text |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the perspectives, derived from Aristotle's topics, used to generate material. the six common topics are definition, division, comparisn, relation, circumstances and testimony |
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Term
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Definition
| a sentence with one independent clause and one or more deoendent clauses |
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Term
| compound-complex sentence |
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Definition
| a sentence with two or more independent clauses and 1+ dependent clauses |
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Term
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Definition
| a sentence with two or more independent clauses |
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Term
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Definition
| the construction in which two or more nouns, noun phrases, or noun clauses constitute the gramattical subject of a clause |
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Term
| conclusion (of syllogism) |
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Definition
| the ultimate point or generilization that a syllogism expresses |
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Term
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Definition
| in ancient roman oratory, the part of a speech in which the speaker would offer proof or demonstratiom of their central idea |
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Term
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Definition
| the struggle of characters with themselves, with others or with the world around them |
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Term
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Definition
| the implied meaning of a word in contrast to its directly expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| seeking help for one's writing from a reader |
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Term
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Definition
| the convergence of time, place, audience and motivating factors in which a piece or writijng is situated |
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Term
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Definition
| the combination of two words into one by eliminating one or more sounds "don't" |
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Term
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Definition
| urges the speaker or writer to invent an example or proof opposite to the main idea or argument |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| facts, statistics, and examples that a speaker or writer offers in support of a claim |
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Term
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Definition
| Heightening a message by emphasizing pitch, volume, and pause and by using guestures and movements |
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Term
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Definition
| Reasoning that begins with a general principle and concludes with a specific instance that demonstrates the general principle |
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Term
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Definition
| The presentation and format of a compostion |
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Term
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Definition
| The dictionary definition of a word, in contrast to its connotation, or implied meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| Writing that relies on sensory images to characterize a person or place |
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Term
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Definition
| The descripable patterns of language-grammar and vocabulary-used by a particular cultural or ethnic population. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conversation between and among characters. |
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Term
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Definition
| Word choice, which is viewed on scales of formality/informality, concreteness/abstractness, latinate derivation/Anglo-Saxon derivation, and denotative value/connotative value |
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Term
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Definition
| The double (or multiple) meanings of a group of words that the speaker or writer has purposely left ambiguous |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which writers get something written on paper or in a computer fileso that they can develop their ideas and begin moving toward an end, the raw material for what will become the final product. |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of poem, popular primarily in the nineteenth century, in which the speaker is delivering a monologue to an assumed group of listeners |
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Term
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Definition
| A narrative in which the reader or viewer does not have access to the unspoken thoughts of any character. |
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Term
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Definition
| The invention strategy, developed by Kenneth Burke, that invites a speaker or writer to create identities for the act, agent, agency, scene, and purpose in a situation. An adaptation of the pentad also calls for the speaker or writer to identify attitude in the situation |
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Term
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Definition
| One who changes during the course of the narrative |
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Term
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Definition
| The final observation, before delivery, by a writer or speaker of a composition to evaluate appropriatness and to locate missteps in the work |
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Term
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Definition
| The emotional or psychological impact a text has on a reader or listener |
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Term
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Definition
| Reading to garner the information from a text |
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Term
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Definition
| The omission of words, the meaning of which is provided by the over-all context of a passage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Logical reasoning with one premise left unstated. |
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Term
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Definition
| The repetition of a group of words at the end of successive clauses. Ex: they saw no evil, spoke no evil and heard no evil. |
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Term
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Definition
| A word or phrase adding a characteristic to a person's name-for example, "Richard the Lion Hearted" |
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Term
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Definition
| The appeal of a text to the credibility and character or the speaker, writer or narrator. |
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Term
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Definition
| An indirect expression of unpleasant information ion such a way as to lessen its impact- for example, saying a person's position was eliminated rather than the person was fired |
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Term
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Definition
| The facts, statistics, anecdotes, and examples that a speaker or writer offers in support of a claim, generilization, or conclusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| An overstatement; see hyperbole |
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Term
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Definition
| An illustration or incident offered in support of a generilization, claim or point |
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Term
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Definition
| In ancient Roman oratory, the introduction of a speech, meant to draw the audience into the speach |
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Term
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Definition
| An extended passage arguing that if two things are similar in one or two ways, they are probably similar in other ways as well. |
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Term
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Definition
| An example that is carried through several sentences or paragraphs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A narrative in which fictional characters, often animals, take actions that have ethnical or moral significance |
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Term
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Definition
| Language dominated by the use of schemes and tropes |
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Term
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Definition
| Schemes-that is, variations from typical word or sentence formation-and tropes, which are variations from typical patterns of thought. |
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Term
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Definition
| A part of the plot that moves back in time and then returns to the present. |
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Term
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Definition
| A part of the plot that jumps ahead in time and then returns to the present. |
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Term
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Definition
| A figure readily identifiable by memorable traits but not fully developed |
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Term
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Definition
| The structural elements-such as font and font size, cover page, page numbering, title and heads, bulleted and numbered lists, footnotes, end notes, and works cited/reference pages-that constitute the presentation of a text |
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Term
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Definition
| Intuitive writing strategy for generating ideas by writing without stopping. |
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Term
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Definition
| A part of a text classified according to its function-for example, introduction, example or counterargument. |
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Term
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Definition
| A point that a speaker or writer generates on the basis of considering a number or particular examples. |
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Term
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Definition
| A piece of writing classified by type-for example, letter, narrative, eulogy, or editiorial. |
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Term
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Definition
| A systematic strategy or method for solving problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| In ancient Roman oratory, the method that speakers used to memorize their speeches, connecting the introduction to the porch of a house, the narration and partition to the front foyer, the confirmation and refutation to rooms connected to the foyer, and the conclusion to the back door. |
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Term
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Definition
| An exaggeration for effect |
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Term
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Definition
| A passage of a text that evokes sensation or emotional intensity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Language that evokes particular sensations or emotionally rich experiences in a reader. |
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Term
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Definition
| A metaphor embedded in a sentence rather than expressed directly as a sentence. For example, "His voice cascaded through the hallways" contains an implied metaphor. "His voice was a cascade of emotion" contains a direct metaphor |
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Term
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Definition
| Reasoning that begins by citing a number of specific instances or examples and then shows how collectively they constitute a general principle. |
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Term
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Definition
| A conclusion that a reader or listener reaches by means of his or her own thinking rather than by direct statement in a text. |
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Term
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Definition
| The goal a writer or speaker hopes to achieve with the text-for example, to clarify difficult material, to inform, to convince, or to persuade. Also called aim or purpose |
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Term
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Definition
| The art of generating material for a text, the first of the five traditional canons of rhetoric. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carrying our activities, during the writing process, to locate ideas and information. |
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Term
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Definition
| Writing or speaking that implies the contrary of what is actually written or spoken. |
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Term
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Definition
| The specialized vocabulary of a particular group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hey text in which writers produce informal compositions that help them "think on paper" about topics in writing projects |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of writing in a journal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Peoples topics, ordinary patterns of reasoning, also called basic topics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vocabulary characterized by the choice of elaborate, often complicated words drives from Latin roots |
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Term
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Definition
| A narrative in which the reader or viewer has access to the unspoken thought of one character or partial thinking of more than one character. |
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Term
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Definition
| Understatement-for example, "her performance ran the gamut of emotion from a to be". |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The appeal of a text based on what the logical structure of its argument or central ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| A sentence that adds modifying elements after the subject, verb, and complement |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Access to information and collective knowledge for use in composition. |
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Term
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Definition
| And implied comparison that does not use the word like or as-for example, "his voice was a cascade of emotion". |
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Term
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Definition
| An entity referred to buy one of its attributes or associations-for example, "The admissions office claims applications have risen." |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A systematic aid to memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| The feeling that a text is intended to produce in the audience |
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Term
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Definition
| An ancient Roman oratory, the part of a speech in which the speaker provided background information on the topic. |
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Term
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Definition
| An anecdote or a story offered in support of a generalization, claim, or point. Also, a function and text accomplished when the speaker or writer tells a story |
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Term
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Definition
| A comment that is made directly to the reader by breaking into the forward plot movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of context also referred to as time and place. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nearest have in which the reader or viewer has access to the unspoken thoughts of all the characters. |
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Term
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Definition
| A literary device in which the sound of the word is related to its meaning-for example, "buzz" and "moan" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Check supposed words with seemingly contradictory meetings-for example "jumbo shrimp" |
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Term
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Definition
| The speed with which a plot moves from one event to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| A statement that seems untrue on the surface but is true nevertheless. |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of similarly structured words, phrases, or clauses that appear in a sentence or paragraph |
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Term
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Definition
| And insertion of material that interrupts the typical flow of a sentence. |
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Term
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Definition
| An ancient Roman oratory, the part of the speech where the speaker would divide the main topic into parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| The appeal of the text to the emotional interest of the audience. |
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Term
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Definition
| A system calling for writers to read or listen to one another's work and suggest ways to improve it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Kenneth Burke system for analyzing motives and actions and communication. The five points of the Hentatte our act, agent, agency, seeing, and purpose. |
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Term
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Definition
| The English translation of konnoi topoi, the four topics that Aristotle explain could be used to generate material without any subject matter, also called basic topics. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sentence with modifying elements including before the verb and/or complement |
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Term
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Definition
| The substitution of an attribute of word or phrase for proper name, or the use of a proper name to suggest a personality characteristic. For example, "Pete rose-known as Charlie hustle-admitted his gambling problem." |
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Term
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Definition
| In ancient Roman oratory, the part of the speech in which the speaker would draw together the entire argument include material designed to compel the audience to think or act in the way consonant with the central argument. |
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Term
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Definition
| The character that a writer or speaker conveys to the audience, the plural is personae. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The giving of human characteristics to inadamant objects. |
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Term
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Definition
| The changing of peoples minds or actions by language. |
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Term
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Definition
| Begging of the question; disagreeing with premises or reasoning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Determining appropriateness of information for audience and for purpose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Arrangement of the events in the story. |
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Term
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Definition
| Elements of plot that operate to cause or resolve conflicts and to provide information. |
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Term
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Definition
| Louise Rosenblatt's term for the interpretive moment when reader and text connect. |
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Term
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Definition
| The perspective or source of a piece of writing. A first person point of view has a narrator and speaker who refers to himself or herself as I. A third person point of you lacks such an eye and it's perspective. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first premise in the syllogism. The major premise states and irrefutable generalization |
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Term
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Definition
| The second premise and a syllogism. The minor premise offers a particular instance of the generalizations stated in the major premise. |
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Term
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Definition
| The major character and a piece of literature, the figure in the narrative his interest the reader is most concerned about and sympathetic for. |
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Term
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Definition
| A play on words. Types of ponds include Anetta classes, words that sound alike but behave different meanings. The spoiled turkey meat was Pfahl, most fell. paranomasia, words alike and sound but defendant meeting. When simples to boyfriend started fighting her friends referred to it as the Civil War. syllepsis, A word used differently and relation to two other |
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Term
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Definition
| The goal a writer or speaker hopes to achieve with the text-for example, to clarify difficult material, to inform, to convince, and/or to persuade. Also called aim and intention. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combination of two or more elements and a dramatist of pentad in order to invent material. |
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Term
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Definition
| The collection of predictions and revisions a person employees when reading a text. |
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Term
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Definition
| The construction of meaning, purpose, and the fact in a text. |
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Term
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Definition
| A log in which readers can trace developing reactions to what they are reading. |
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Term
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Definition
| Referring to the moving back-and-forth from invention to revision in the process of writing. |
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Term
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Definition
| In ancient Roman oratory, the part of a speech in which the speaker would anticipate objections to the points been raised encounter them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hey believable, trustworthy commentator on the events and characters in the story. |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of assumptions, skills, fax, and experience that a reader brings to a text to make meaning. |
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Term
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Definition
| In a text, use more than once of the sound, word, phrase, or clause to emphasize meaning or achieve affect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Returning to a draft to rethink, reread, and rework ideas and sentences. |
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Term
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Definition
| The speaker or writer who uses elements of rhetorical effectively an oral or written text. |
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Term
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Definition
| The art of analyzing all the choices involving language that a writer, speaker, reader, or listener might make in the situation so that the text becomes meaningful, purposeful, and effective. The specific features of text, written or spoken, the cause them to be meaningful, purposeful, and effective for readers or listeners and his situation |
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Term
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Definition
| The particular choices a writer or speaker makes to achieve meaning, purpose, or effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involvement and investment and and ownership of a piece of writing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formal patterns for organizing a text, also used as invention devices. The traditional rhetorical modes or description, narration, exposition, and argumentation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A question posed by the speaker or writer not to seek an answer but instead to affirm or deny a point simply by asking a question about it. |
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Term
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Definition
| The convergence in a situation of exigency. (The need to write). Audience, and purpose. |
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Term
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Definition
| A diagram showing the relations of writer or speaker, reader or listener, and text in a rhetorical situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hey language that is derived from Latin. |
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Term
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Definition
| A figure out with complexity and action and personality. |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of mockery or bitter irony. |
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Term
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Definition
| In a dramatist take pentad created by a speaker or writer in order to invent material, the words the speaker or writer uses to describe where and when something is happening or happens in a particular situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Narration in which an event or a moment of the pot is stretched out for dramatic effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| And artful variation from typical formation and arrangement of words or sentences. |
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Term
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Definition
| The context, including time and place of a narrative. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A type of comparison that uses the words like or as. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sentence with one independent clause and not dependent clause. |
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Term
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Definition
| See rhetorical situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| In classical rhetoric, a speech consisting of exordium, narration, partition, confirmation, refutation, and peroration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Informal language, often considered inappropriate for formal occasions and text. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dialogue in which a character speaks aloud to himself or herself. |
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Term
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Definition
| The person delivering a speech, or the character assumed to be speaking a poem. |
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Term
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Definition
| A writer's or speaker's apparent attitude toward the audience. |
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Term
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Definition
| A figure who remains the same from the beginning to the end of a narrative. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stereotypical time and plave settings that let readers know a text's genre immediately. |
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Term
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Definition
| The choices that writers or speakers make in language for effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the points on the Aristotelian or rhetorical triangle;the subject matter a writer or speaker is writing or speaking about. |
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Term
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Definition
| Narration in which a brief statement of events moves the plot quickly. |
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Term
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Definition
| In a text, the material offered to make concrete or to back up a generalization, conclusion, or claim. |
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Term
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Definition
| Logical reasoning from inarguable premises. |
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Term
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Definition
| In a text, an element that stands for more than itself and, therefore, helps to convey a theme of the text. |
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Term
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Definition
| A part of something used to refer to the whole-for example, "50 head of cattle" referring to 50 whole animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| The order of words in a sentence. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of words that merely repeats the meaning already conveyed. |
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Term
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Definition
| The message conveyed by a literary work. |
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Term
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Definition
| The main idea in a text, often the main generilization, conclusion, or claim. |
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Term
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Definition
| A single sentence that states a text's thesis, usually somewhere near the beginning. |
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Term
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Definition
| The writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| The sources or "places" where writers go to discover methods for proof and strategies for presentation of ideas. |
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Term
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Definition
| An artful variation from expected modes of expression of thoughts and ideas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deliberate playing down of a situation in order to make a point-for example, "As the principal dancer, Joe Smith displayed only two flaws: his arms and his legs". |
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Term
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Definition
| THe sense that a text is, appropriately, about only one subject and achieves one major purpose or effect. |
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| An untrustworthy or a naive commentator on events and characters in a story. |
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| The quality of a text that reflects the truth of actual experience. |
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| The textual features, such as diction and sentence structure, that convey a writer's or speaker's persona. |
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| The acts a writer goes through, often recursively, to complete a pieve of writing: inventing, investigating, planning, drafting, consulting, revising, and editing. The book also uses the plural-writing processes-because no two writers have exactly the same set of acts in exactly the same order. |
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| A trope in which one word, usually a noun or the main verb, governs two other words not related in meaning ("He maintained a business and his innocence"). |
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