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| A reference to a mythological, literary, or historical person, place, or thing |
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| The practice of beginning several consecutive words with the same sound |
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| A rhetorical figure involving the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences. |
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| A rhetorical figure in which two ideas are directly opposed. |
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| A figure of speech in which the speaker directly and often emotionally addresses a person who is dead or otherwise not physically present, a imaginary person or entity, something inhuman, or a place or concept. The speaker addresses the object of the apostrophe as if this object were present and capable of understanding and responding. |
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| The repetition of vowel sounds within words. |
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| A rhetorical figure involving the deliberate omission of conjunctions to create a concise, terse, and often memorable statement. |
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| The prevailing aura or feeling conveyed about a physical setting within a work of literature |
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| The implicit rather than explicit meaning of a word consisting of the suggestions, associations, and emotional overtones attached to a word. |
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| A partial or imperfect rhyme, often using assonance or consonance only |
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| The repetition of a consonant sound within a series of words to produce a harmonious effect |
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| the exact, literal definition of a word independent of any emotional association or secondary meaning |
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| Word choice intended to convey a certain effect |
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| Words or phrases that describe one thing in terms of something else. Not meant to be taken literally, figurative language is used to produce images in a reader's mind and to express ideas in fresh, vivid, and imaginative ways. |
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| The use of hints or clues in a narrative to suggest future action |
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| A deliberate, extravagant, and often outrageous exaggeration |
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| The representation in words of any sensual experience that points out some sort of relationship between the abstract and the concrete. It is a collective term embracing image, simile, metaphor, and symbol. |
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| An event or outcome which is the opposite of what would naturally be expected. |
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| A comparison of unlike things without using a word of comparison such as like or as. |
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| A pattern of accented and unaccented syllables in lines of poetry |
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| the predominant emotion in a literary work conveyed by the feelings of and between characters |
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| Using words of letters to imitate sounds |
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| A form of paradox that combines a pair of opposite terms into a single unusual expression |
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| Applying human qualities to nonhuman things |
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| The sequence of events or actions in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem. |
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| The art of using words to persuade in writing or speaking |
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| the repetition of similar ending sounds |
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| the time and place in which events in a short story, novel, play, or narrative poem take place |
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| the description of one kind of sense by using words that usually describe another |
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| the running on of a thought from one line, couplet, or stanza to the next without a syntactical break |
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| a direct comparison of one object to another using like or as |
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| Stylistic techniques that convey meaning through sound |
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| the framework or organization of a literary selection |
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| the writer's characteristic manner of employing language |
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| Any object, person, place, or action that has both a meaning in itself and that stands for something larger than itself, such as quality, attitude, belief, or value. |
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| A form of metaphor in which a part of something is signified by the whole |
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| the arrangement of words and the order of grammatical elements in a sentence |
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| The central message of a literary work. |
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| the speaker or author's attitude toward the subject, revealed by the words he or she chooses |
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| the opposite of hyperbole. It is a kind of irony that deliberately represents something as being much less than it really is. |
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| the repetition of conjunctions in close succession for rhetorical effect |
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| A rhetorical figure in which certain words, sounds, concepts, or syntactic structures are reversed and repeated in reverse order |
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| A pause in a line of poetry, dictated not by meter but by natural speaking rhythm. |
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