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| system in which a ruler (king or queen) has complete authority over the governement with out limits on his/her powers. |
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| political system in which the monarch has supreme power and control over the lives of the people in the country. |
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| Toxic Pollution that is produced by the burning of fossil fuels. It affects plants, animals, and people who have a respiratory illness. |
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African National Congress
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| Group formed in 1912 to work for blacks right in south Africa. This group led the fight against apartheid and continues to encourage independence for the black majority. |
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| Period from 1400 to 1600 during which European monarchs sent explorers to find new trade routes, resources, and land in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. |
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| Economic system that centers on agriculture as the chief source of wealth. |
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| Change in the farming method in england during the 1600's that dramatically increased farm production |
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| Agreement between two or more countires that provides for their mutal defense or protection. |
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| traditional Arican religion, a belief that the spirit dwells in all living and nonliving things. |
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| Social scientist who studies the physical characteristics, origins, cultures, and artifacts of human beings. |
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| Prejudice against the Jewish people. |
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| an official policy of strict segregation of the races, practiced in South Africa from 1945 until it was repealed in 1991. |
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| policy og giving in to the demands of the aggressor to avoid war, policy used by England and France to satisfy Hitler's demands for land during the 1930's. |
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| Numbers first developed by the mathematicians in Gupta, India, and adopted by most of the Western World ( Counting 1,2,3, ext.) |
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| Social scientist who studies past human life by examining the monuments and relics left by ancient people. |
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| Chain or group of Islands. |
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| government ruled by nobles or the upper class. |
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| Temporary agreement to stop fighting. |
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| insturment that determines latitude by measuring the position of the stars, one of the technological improvements that the Europeans borrowed from the Muslims that contributed to the Age of Exploration. |
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| Distribution of military and econmic powers among rival nations so that one nation does not have more power than its neighnors or other nations. |
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| Difference in value between a nation's imports and exports over a period of time. |
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| Bubonic plague or contagious disease during the 14th century whose death toll is estimated to have exceeded 100million in Europe, Asia, and Africa. |
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| left-wing majority group of the Russian Socialist Democratic Party under the leadership of Nikolai Lenin, which seized control of the government by revolution in November 1917, the group was later called Communists. |
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| Middle class between aristocrats and workers. This term was used by Marx and Engles in the Communist Manifesto to describe the capitalist, or factory owners who exploit the worker, or the proletariat. In the Middle Ages, the bourgeoisie were members of the merchant class or the towns people of the city. |
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| A major religion of eastern and central Asia founded in 6th century (B.C) abd based on the teaching of Siddhartha Gautama, who belived people must reject the material world and follow a philosophy of self-denial and meditation. |
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| Eeastern part of the Roman Empire, existed from 330 (A.D) to 1453 (A.D), preserved the rich cultural heritage of the ancient Greeks, saved Romans texts from destruction after the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire in 476 (A.D) |
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