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| concept of natural rights which states that everyone is entitled to the rights of life, liberty, and property. |
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| known as the age of reason. |
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| theory that states the people form a social contract with government where they give up all rights for protection from other citizens. |
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| life, liberty, and property. |
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| states that people give up rights to king for protection. |
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| The legislative body of France. Composed of representatives from the three estates which are Clergy in the First Estate, Nobles in the Second Estate, and peasants in the Third Estate. Each Estate is entitled to one vote on legislative matters. The Estates General was never as strong as the British Parliament of the American Congress. |
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| Term given to the middle class people in society. |
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| In colonial Latin America, American born Spanish gentry, They owned most of the land but were treated like second class citizens, and were denied political rights. |
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| In colonial Latin America, Spanish official sent to govern Latin American colonies. They controlled government completely. |
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| French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church. |
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| Enlightenment thinker from France who wrote a book called, The Spirit of the Laws in 1748. In his book, Montesquieu describes what he considers to be the best government. He states that government should divide itself according to its powers, creating a Judicial, Legislative, and Executive branch. Montesquieu explained that under this system each branch would Check and Balance the others, which would help protect the people's liberty. |
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| French writer and Enlightenment philosopher who wrote a book called, The Social Contract, where he stated that people were basically good, and that society, and its unequal distribution of wealth, were the cause of most problems. Rousseau believed that government should be run according to the will of the majority, which he called the General Will. He claimed that the General Will would always act in the best interest of the people. |
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| meetings for discussion for the three estates. |
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| A monarch who retains absolute control of their country while also enacting reform based on Enlightenment ideas. |
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| strong pride in ones nation. |
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| limiting of the kings power. |
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| Meeting of European political leaders to reestablish former territorial borders after the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the fall of Napoleon. The Congress was held in Vienna from September 1814 to June 1815, and was dominated by Prince Metternich of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. |
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| A political policy in which countries attempt to preserve peace by keeping an equal military and economic status. |
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| causes of french revolution |
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| Class system in France before the French Revolution. There were three Estates, First Estate was Clergy, Second was Nobility, and Third was peasants, merchants, and townspeople. |
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| King of France between 1774 and 1792. He was overthrown during the French Revolution and later beheaded. |
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