Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Courage and loyalty to family |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of most important trade cities, crossroads of two key land routes, close to coastal sea routes, contained Ka'Aba, center of religion and trade |
|
|
Term
| Religious Beliefs of Pre-Islamic Arabia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where was Muhammad born in 570 AD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was life like in Arabia when Muhammad was born? |
|
Definition
| Harsh & barren, broken by occasional oasis. Migration, grim social life |
|
|
Term
| What did Muhammad's tribe (the Quraysh) do for a living? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Muhammad's tribe (the Quraysh) do for a living? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What special job did Muhammad's tribe have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Muhammad like in terms of his character? |
|
Definition
| Trustworthy, fair, efficient |
|
|
Term
| What did the angel Gabriel tell Muhammad in his first revelations? |
|
Definition
| Proclaim - There must be no other god but Allah |
|
|
Term
| How is Islam linked to Christianity and Judaism? |
|
Definition
| Muhammad believed Allah was the same god worshiped by Jews and Christians |
|
|
Term
| How did Muhammad's teachings challenge the beliefs held by Arab society? |
|
Definition
| Arab society was polytheistic |
|
|
Term
| What mystical experience did Muhammad have after the death of his wife Khadijah and his uncle? |
|
Definition
| Gabriel presented him a winged horse and took him to Jerusalem. He saw Abraham and Moses. His soul left his body and he stood at the summit of the universe. |
|
|
Term
| What problems did the settlement of Yathrib have? How did Muhammad become a political leader of Yathrib (Medina?) |
|
Definition
| Yathrib was divided and needed a strong leader |
|
|
Term
| What was new and special about the community of Yathrib (Medina?) |
|
Definition
| It was a community bound together by religion and not by blood |
|
|
Term
| Why did Muhammad believe he would have to eliminate the enemies of Islam? |
|
Definition
| He feels it is the only way for Islam & his followers to survive |
|
|
Term
| What does the term "jihad" mean? How has it been distorted? |
|
Definition
| Jihad means "struggle." It has come to mean "holy struggle/war" |
|
|
Term
| In what way did Muslims take up arms against their Quraysh enemies? Why did the Muslims have no choice but to do this? |
|
Definition
| They start making raids on the traders. They feel they have to do this for survival |
|
|
Term
| What did Muhammad do in 630 when he and his followers conquered Mecca? |
|
Definition
| They went to the Ka'Aba and destroyed the idols of every god but Allah |
|
|
Term
| Reaction in Mecca to Muhammad's teachings |
|
Definition
| Negative reactions - see them as a threat, Muhammad is forced to leave Mecca |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muhammad leaves Mecca for Medina. Marks the beginning of the spread of Islam, establishment of the Umma (the Muslim community,) Muhammad becomes both a political and religious leader |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The regular religious practices that all Muslims are required to fulfill |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Faith - a Muslim who believes "there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of god." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prayer - Muslims pray 5 times daily - dawn, shortly after noon, mid-afternoon, after sunset, and at night. Get down on their knees and face Mecca |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fasting - In Ramadan (month which Muslims believe Gabriel gave Muhammad his revelations,) Muslims fast daily from dawn to sunset. |
|
|
Term
| Almsgiving (Five Pillars) |
|
Definition
| Almsgiving (Charity) - Muslims must payy 2 1/2% of their wealth to a zakat fund, which is distributed to needy or poor people in the community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pilgrimage to Mecca - Religious trip to Mecca |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sacred text. Allah's revelations to Muhammad, the unquestionable word of Allah |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Muhammad's example of ideal behavior that Muslims must try to follow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system of Islamic law based on the Qu'ran. Regulates family life, community, moral behavior, business |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The accounts of Muhammad's stories of his activities and teachings |
|
|
Term
| Dietary & Religious Restrictions |
|
Definition
| No pork, no alcohol (intoxicants,) no idols or images of Muhammad, no gambling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Headscarf worn by Muslim women to be distinguished as decent, believing women |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All people will stand before Allah to be judged according to their actions and will be sent to heaven or hell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Judaism - Abraham, Moses
Christianity - Abraham, Moses, Jesus
Islam - Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Judaism - Torah
Christianity - Bible
Islam - Qu'ran |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Judaism - Star of David
Christianity - Cross/Crucifix
Islam - Crescent moon and star |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Judaism - Saturday
Christianity - Sunday
Islam - Friday |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Judaism - Obedience to 10 Commandments
Christianity - Obedience to 10 Commandments
Islam - Five Pillars, Shariah, Obedience to 10 Commandments |
|
|
Term
| Holy Days Requiring Fasting |
|
Definition
Judaism - Yom Kippur
Christianity - Lent
Islam - Ramadan |
|
|
Term
| Why are Rightly Guided Caliphs called what they are? |
|
Definition
| They came after the prophet Muhammad and they followed Muhammad's example of leadership and strictly adhered to the Koran |
|
|
Term
| How did Islam spread in the 7th Century? |
|
Definition
| Well disciplined & skilled Islamic army, Byzantin & Persian sasannid empires were weak - Muslims able to take their lands, tolerant rulers, believed they had a righteous cause - Allah was on their side |
|
|
Term
| Major Accomplishments of the Rightly Guided Caliphs |
|
Definition
| Islam expanded into Egypt, Syria, Persian & Armenia; the Koran was written |
|
|
Term
| What caused the schism between Sunnis and Shiites? |
|
Definition
| Sunni wanted dynastic rule "as long as you follow Muhammad's rule, you can be a caliph." Shi'ite wants only descendants of Muhammad to be rulers. |
|
|
Term
| How did the Umayyad family come to power? |
|
Definition
| They set up a dynasty by violence. |
|
|
Term
| How did the Umayyads abandon the teachings of Islam? |
|
Definition
| They abandoned the simple life of previous caliphs and began to surround themselves with wealth and ceremony similar to that of non-Muslims rulers |
|
|
Term
| Why were the Umayyads overthrown? |
|
Definition
| Rebellious groups claimed their luxurious lifestyle did not follow Muhammad's example |
|
|
Term
| Major Accomplishment of the Umayyad Caliphate |
|
Definition
| Expanded the Muslim Empire into Spain, North Africa, and India |
|
|
Term
| What factors brought wealth and stability to the Abbasid caliphate? |
|
Definition
| Strong bureaucracy, efficient tax systems that levied taxes, common language (Arabic,) tolerance extended to non-Muslims, moved capital to Baghdad (better trade location,) established Abbasid Dinar (currency,) created efficient banking system, land trade routes connected with Silk Road, Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean sea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Believed that the first 4 caliphs were rightly guided, believed that Muslim rulers should follow the Sunna, claimed that the Shi'a have distored the meaning of various passages in the Qu'ran |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Believed that Ali should have succeeded Muhammad, believed that all Muslim rulers should be descended from Muhammad, do not recognize the authority of the Sunna, claimed that the Sunni have distorted the meaning of various passages in the Qu'ran |
|
|
Term
| Names of the Rightly Guided Caliphs |
|
Definition
| Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decorative writing used in Islam, meant to glorify Allah |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pictures are formed using calligraphy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Complex ornate designs that incorporate flowers, leaves, and geometric patterns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tool developed for navigation, calculating time and relative position, helped determine your latitude |
|
|
Term
| What rulers did the Golden Age of Islam occur under? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cultures did Muslim borrow and expand knowledge of? |
|
Definition
| Greeks, Persians, Indians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Center of learning and Abbasid capital, contained House of Wisdom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A library, translation center, observatory, and science captivity |
|
|
Term
| What did Muslims preserve in the House of Wisdom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the key achievements of the Golden Age? |
|
Definition
| "Arabic" numbers, algebra, decimal system/concept of zero, surgeries, anesthetics, examinations for physicians, calculating the Earth's circumfrence, calligraphy, and astrolabe |
|
|
Term
| Why did Muslims place such a great emphasis on learning? |
|
Definition
| Muhammad thought education was important |
|
|
Term
| Why was astronomy an important area of study for Muslims? |
|
Definition
| It helped them fulfill the 5 Pillars - helped locate where Mecca was |
|
|
Term
| Which Muslim achievements are still used today? |
|
Definition
| Emergency rooms, calligraphy, Arabic number system, algebra, etc. |
|
|
