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Definition
| Standards of moral behavior, that is, behavior accepted by society as right versus wrong |
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| Compliance-Based Ethics Codes |
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Definition
| Ethical Standards that emphasize preventing unlawful behavior by increasing control and by penalizing wrongdoers |
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| Integrity-based ethics codes |
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Definition
| Ethical standards that define the organization's guiding values, create an enviornment that supports ethically sound behavior, and stress a shared accountability among employees. |
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Definition
| Insiders who report illegal or unethical behavior |
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| Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) |
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Definition
| A business's concern for the welfare of society |
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Definition
| The dimension of social responsibility that includes charitable donations. |
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| Corporate Social Initiatives |
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Definition
| Enhanced forms of corporate philanthropy directly related to the companys competencies |
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| The dimension of social responsibility that includes everything from hiring minority workers to making safe products. |
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| The dimension of social responsibility that refers to the position a firm takes on social and political issues |
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| An unethical activity in which insiders use private company information to further their own fortunes or those of their family and friends. |
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| A systematic evaluation of an organization's progress toward implementing socially responsible and responsive programs |
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| The process used to accomplish organizational goals through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling people and other organizational resources. |
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Definition
| A management function that includes anticipating trends and determining the best stratgesies and tactics to achieve organizational goals and objectives. |
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Definition
| A management function that includes designing the structure of the organization and creating conditions and systems in which everyone and everything work together to achieve the organizations goals and objectives. |
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Definition
| A management function that involves establishing clear standards to determine whether or not an organization is progressing toward its goals and objectives, rewarding people for doing a good job, and taking corrective action if they are not. |
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Definition
| An encompassing explanation of why the organization exists and where its trying to head. |
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| An outline of the fundamental purposes of an organization. |
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| The broad, long-term accomplishments an organization wishes to attain. |
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| Specific, short-term statements detailing how to achieve the organizations goals. |
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| A planning tool used to analyze an organizations strenghts, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. |
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Definition
| The process of determining the major goals of the organization and the policies and strategies for obtaining and using resources to achieve those goals. |
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Definition
| The process of developing detailed, short-term statements about what it is to be done, who is to do it, and how it is to be done. |
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Definition
| The process of setting work standards and schedules necesarry to implement the company's tactical objectives. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of preparing alternative courses of action that may be used if the primary plans dont ahcieve the organizations objectives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Choosing among two or more alternatives. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of solving the everyday problems that occur. __________ is less formal than decision making and usually calls for quicker action. |
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Definition
| Coming up with as many solutions to a problem as possible in a short period of time with no censoring of ideas. |
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Definition
| Listing all the pluses for a solution in one column, all the minuses in another, and the implications in a third column. |
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Definition
| A visual device that shows relationships among people and divides the organizations work; it shows who reports to whom. |
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Term
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Definition
| Highest level of management, consisting of the president and other key company executives who develop strategic plans. |
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Definition
| The level of management that includes general managers, division managers, and branch and plant managers who are responsible for tactical planning and controlling. |
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Definition
| Managers who are directly responsible for supervising workers and evaluating their daily performance. |
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Definition
| Skills that involve the ability to perform tasks in a specific discipline or department. |
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Definition
| Skills that involve communication and motivation; they enable managers to work through and with people. |
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Definition
| Skills that involve the ability to picture the organization as a whole and the relationship among its various parts. |
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Definition
| A management function that includes hiring, motivating, and retaining the best people available to accomplish the company's objectives. |
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Definition
| The presentation of a companys facts and figures in a way that is clear and apparant to all stakeholders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leadership style that involves making managerial decisions without consulting others. |
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Term
| Participative (democratic) Leadership |
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Definition
| Leadership style that consists of managers and employees working together to make decisions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leadership style that involves managers setting objectives and employees being relatively free to do whatever it takes to accomplish those objectives. |
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Definition
| Giving workers the education and tools they need to make decisions. |
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Definition
| Finding the right information, keeping the information in a readily accessible place, and making the information known to everyone in the firm. |
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Definition
| Dealers, who buy products to sell to others, and ultimate customers (or end users), who buy products for their own personal use. |
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Definition
| Individuals and units within the firm that recieve services from other individuals or units. |
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Definition
| The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals. |
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Definition
| Used to describe emloyees level of motivation, passion, and commitment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Something given to you by someone else as recognition for good work; include pay increases, praise, and promotions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which tasks must be perfomed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task. A study done by Frederick Taylor |
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Term
| Principle of Motion Economy |
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Definition
A theory developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.
Every job can be broken down into a series of elementary motions. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied. |
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Term
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
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Definition
| Theory of motivation based on unmet human needs from basic physiological needs to safety, social, and esteem needs to self-actualization needs. |
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Term
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Definition
| In Herzberg's Theory of "Motivating Factors," job factors that cause employees to be productive and that give them satisfaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| In Herzberg's Theory of "Motivating Factors," job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivate employees if increased. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted, accompanied by feedback, and facilitated by organizational conditions. |
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Term
| Management By Objectives (MBO) |
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Definition
| Managment by evaluation of objectives among top and middle-level managers, supervisors, and employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| Victor Vroom's theory that the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory that positive and negative reinforcers motivate a person to behave a certain way. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that employees try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar positions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A motivational strategy that emphasizes motivating the worker through the job itself. |
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Definition
| A job enrichment strategy that involves combining a series of tasks into one challening and interesting assignment. |
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Term
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Definition
| A job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from one job to another. |
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Term
| Human Resource Management (HRM) |
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Definition
| The process of determining human resource needs and then recruiting, selecting, developing, motivating, evaluating, compensating, and scheduiling employees to achieve organizational goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Employment activites designed to "right past wrongs" by increasing opportunities for minorities and women. |
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Term
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Definition
| Discrimination against members of a domiant or majority group (i.e white males) usually as a result of policies designed to correct discrimination against minority or disadvantaged groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| A study of what employees do who hold various job titles. |
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Term
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Definition
| A summary of the objectives of a job, the type of work to be done, the responsibilities and duties, the working conditions, and the relationship of the job to other functions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A written summary of the minimum qualifications required of workers to do a particular job. |
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Term
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Definition
| The set of activies used to obtain a sufficient number of the right employees at the right time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of gathering information and deciding who should be hired, under legal guidelines, to serve the best interests of the individual and organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Employees that include part-time workers, temporary workers, seasonal workers, independent contractors, interns, and co-op students. |
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Term
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Definition
| All attempts to improve productivity by increasing an employees ability to perform. Training focuses on short-term skills, development on long-term abilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| The activity that introduces new employees to the organization; to fellow employees; to thier immediate supervisors; and to the policies, practices and objectives of the firm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Training at the workplace that lets the employee learn by doing or by watching others for a while and then imitating them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Training programs during which a learner works alongside an experienced employee to master the skills and procedures of a craft. |
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Term
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Definition
| Internal or external training programs away from the workplace that develop any of a variety of skills or foster personal development. |
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Term
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Definition
| Training programs in which employees complete classes via the internet. |
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Term
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Definition
| Training done in schools where employees are taught on equipment similar to that used on the job. |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of equipment that duplicates job conditions and tasks so trainees can learn skills before attempting them on the job. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of training and educating employees to become good managers, and then monitoring the progress of their managerial skills over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of establishing and maintaining contacts with key managers in and outside the organization and using those contacts to weave strong relationships that serve as informal development systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| An experienced employee who supervises, coaches, and guides lower-level employees by introducing them to the right people and generally being their organizational sponser. |
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Term
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Definition
| An evaluation that measures employee performance against esatblished standards in order to make decisions about promotions, compensation, training, or termination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Benefits such as sick-leave pay, vacation pay, pension plans, and health plans that represent additional compensation beyond base wages. |
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Term
| Cafeteria-style Fringe Benefits |
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Definition
| Fringe benefits plan that allows employees to choose the benefits they want up to a certain dollar amount. |
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Term
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Definition
| Work schedule that gives employees some freedom to choose when to work, as long as they work the required number of hours. |
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Term
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Definition
| In a flextime plan, the period when all employees are expected to be at their job stations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Work schedule that allows an employee to work a full number of hours per week but in fewer days. |
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Term
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Definition
| An arrangement whereby two part-time employees share one full-time job. |
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Definition
| Name for business technology in the 1970's: included technology that supported an existing business and was primarily used to improve the flow of financial information. |
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Term
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Definition
| Technology that helps companies do business; includes such tools as automated teller machines (ATMs) and voice mail |
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Term
| Information technology(IT) |
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Definition
| Technology that helps companies change business by allowing themt o use new methods. |
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Term
| Busniess Intelligence (BI) |
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Definition
| Any of a variety of software applications that analyze an organizations raw data and take out useful insights from it. |
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Term
| Business Process Information |
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Definition
| Includes all transaction data gathered at the point of sale as well as information gained through operations like enterprise resource planning, supply chain management, and customer relationship management systems |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a companywide network, closed to public access, that uses internet-type technology |
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Definition
| A semiprivate network that uses internet technology and allows more than one company to access the same information or allows people on different servers to collaborate. |
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Term
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Definition
| A private data network that creates secure connections, or "tunnels", over regular internet lines. |
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Term
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Definition
| Technology that offers users a continuous connection to the internet and allows them to send and recieve mammoth files that include voice, video, and data much faster than ever before. |
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Term
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Definition
| The private internet system that links government supercomputer centers and a select group of universities; it runs more than 22,000 times faster than todays public infrastructure and supports heavy-duty applications. |
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Definition
| The set of tools that allow people to build social and business connections, share information, and collaborate on projects online (including blogs, wikis, social networking sites and other online communities and virtual worlds) |
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Term
| network computing systems (or client/server computing) |
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Definition
| Computer systems that allow personal computers (clients) to obtain needed information from huge databases in a central computer (the server) |
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Definition
| A process that allows networked computers to run multiple operating systems and programs through one central computer at the same time. |
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Definition
| A form of virtualization in which a companys data and applications are stored at offsite data centers that are accessed over the internet (the cloud) |
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Term
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Definition
| Software that is copyrighted but distributed to potential customers free of charge. |
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Term
| Public Domain Software (or freeware) |
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Definition
| Software that is free for the taking. |
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Term
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Definition
| A piece of programming code inserted into other programming to cause some unexpected and, for the victim, usually undesirable event. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pieces of information, such as registration data or user preferences, sent by a Web site over the Internet to a Web browser that the browser software is expected to save and send back to the server whenever the user returns to that website. |
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