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| a general term for the loss of ice and snow from a glacier. |
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| the grinding and scraping of a rock surface by the friction and impact of rock particles carried by water, wind, and ice. |
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| a glacier confined to a mountain valley, which in most instances had previously been a stream valley. |
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| a narrow knifelike ridge separating two adjacent glaciated valleys. |
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| a mechanizm of glacial movement in which the ice mass slides over the surface below. |
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| wastage of a glacier that occurs when large pieces of ice break into the water. |
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| an ampitheater shaped basin at the head of a glaciated valley produced by frost wedging and plucking. |
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| a pass between mountain valleys where the headwalls of two cirques intersect. |
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| a deep crack in the brittle surface of a glacier. |
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a streamlined symmetrical hill composed of glacial till.
the steep side of the hill faces the direction from which the ice advanced. |
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| a ridge of till marking a former position of the front of a glacier. |
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| sinous ridge composed largely of sand and gravel deposisted by a stream flowing in a tunnel beneath a glacier near its terminus. |
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| a steep sided inlet of the sea formed when a glacial trough was partially submerged. |
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granular recrystallized snow.
a transitional stage between snow and glacial ice. |
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| the balance, or lack of balance, between ice formation at the upper end of a glacier, and ice loss in the zone of wastage. |
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| an all embracing term for sediments of glacial origin, no matter how, where, or in what shape they were deposited. |
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| an ice transported boulder that was not derived from the bedrock near its present site. |
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| scratches and grooves on bedrock caused by glacial abrasion |
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| a mountain valley that has been widened, deepened, and straightened by a glacier |
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| thick mass of ice originating on land from the compaction and recrystallization of snow that shows evidence of past or present flow. |
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| an undulating layer of till deposited as the ice front retreats |
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| a tributary valley that enters a glacial trough at a considerable height above the floor of the trough |
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| pyramid like peak formed by glacial action in three or more cirques surround a mountain summit. |
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| mass of glacial ice covering a high upland or plateau and spreading out radially. |
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| an accumulation of stratified drift deposited in contact with supporting mass of ice. |
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| very large thick mass of glacial ice flowing outward in all directions from one or more accumulation centers. |
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| forming where glacial ice flows into bays, it is a large, relatively flat mass of floating ice that extends seaward from the coast but remains attached to the land along one or more sides. |
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| a steep-sided hill composed of sand and gravel originating when sediment collected in openings in stagnant glacial ice. |
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| a narraow, terracelike mass of stratified drift deposited between a glacier and an adjacent valley wall. |
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| depressions created when blocks of ice become lodged in glacial deposits and subsequently melt. |
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| a ridge of till along sides of a valley glacier composed primarily of debris that fell to the glacier from the valley walls. |
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| a ridge of till formed when lateral moraines from two coalescing alpine glaciers join. |
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| a tongue of ice normally flowing rapidly outward from an ice cap or ice sheet, usually through mountainous terrain to the sea. |
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| a relatively flat, gently sloping plain consisting of materials deposited by meltwater streams in front of the margin of an ice sheet. |
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| a chain of small lakes in a glacial trough that occupies basins created by glacial erosion. |
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| a glacier that forms when one or more alpine glaciers emerge from the confining walls of mountain valleys and spread out to create a broad sheet in the lowlands at the base of the mountains. |
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| a type of glacial movement that occurs within the glacier, below a depth of approximately 50 meters, in which the ice is not fractured. |
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an epoch of the Quaternary period beginning about 1.8 million years ago and ending about 10,000 years ago.
Best known as a time of extensive continental glaciation. |
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| the process by which pieces of bedrock are lifted out of place by a glacier. |
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| a lake formed during a period of inceased rainfall. |
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| an end moraine formed as the ice front stagnated during glacial retreat. |
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| an asymmetrical knob of bedrock formed when glacial abrasion smoothes the gentle slope facing the advancing ice sheet and plucking steepens the opposite side as the ice overrides the knob. |
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| ground up rock produced by the grinding effect of a glacier. |
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| the lower limit of perennial snow. |
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| sediments deposited by glacial meltwater |
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a period of rapid glacial advance.
surges are typically sporadic and short-lived. |
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| the end moraine marking the farthest advance of a glacier. |
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| unsorted sediment deposited directly by a glaceier |
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| a rock formed when glacial till is lithified |
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| triangular-shaped cliffs produced when spurs of land that extend into a valley are removed by the great erosional force of a valley glacier. |
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| A relatively narrow body of stratified drift deposited on a valley floor by meltwater streams that issue from the terminus of an alpine glacier. |
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the part of a glacier characterized by snow accumulation and ice formation.
The outer limit of this zone is the snowline. |
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| the upper portion of a glacier consisting of brittle ice. |
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| the part of a glacier beyond the snowline where annually there is a net loss of ice. |
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