Term
| British Writer, Adam Smith |
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Definition
| "The discrovery of America was one of the two greatest and most important events recorded in the history of mankind." |
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Term
| 7.7 million of 10 million people who crossed from the old world to the new were whom? |
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Definition
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Term
| The year US declared itself an independent nation? |
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Definition
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Term
| America's greatest 'benefits'? |
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Definition
1. To the nations of the Western Europe, the developement of American colonies brought an era of 'splender and glory'.
2. Having the Atlantic as the worlds major avenue for trade and population movement, enabled millions of Europeans to increase the 'enjoyments' of life. |
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Term
| America's great 'misfortunes'. |
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Definition
1. To the 'natives', years since 1492 has been ones of 'dreadful misfortunes' and 'every sort of injustice'.
2. For millions of Africans, the settlement of America meant a descent into the abyss of slavery. |
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Term
| Europeans invented America through their imaginations. What were some things they imagined America to be like? |
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Definition
| A land of abundance, riches, and ease beyond the western horizon. They envisioned America as a religious refuge, a society of equals, a source of power and glory. Golden cities and fountains of eternal youth. |
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Term
| The New World became the site of... |
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Definition
Unfree labor.
Indentured servitude.
Forced labor.
One of the most brutal and unjust systems ever devised by man - Plantation slavery. |
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Term
| Most residents of the Americas were descended from ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Changes in the Hemisphere? |
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Definition
1. Early inhabitants spread across the two continents
2. As climate warmed, they faced a food crisis as the immense animals hunted became extinct.
3. Maize (corn), squash, and beans were the basis of agriculture.
4. Absence of livestock limited famring by preventing the plowing of fields and the application of natural fertilizer. |
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Term
| When the Europeans arrived in the New World... |
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Definition
| The hemisphere containted cities, roads, irrigation systems, extensive trade networks, large structures, like pyramid temples. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the worlds largest cities. |
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Term
| What did the North American Indians lack that the Europeans have mastered? |
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Definition
| Technologies like metal tools and machines, gun powder, lacked literacy and wheeled vehicles. |
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Term
| Over time, what did Indians perfect? |
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Definition
| Techniques like, farming, hunting, and fishing. They developed structures of politcal power, and religious belief, and engaged in far reaching networks of trade and communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indians of the Ohio River Valley. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What would Indians live on? |
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Definition
| Corn, squash, and beans, supplemented by fishing, and hunting deer, turkeys, and other animals. |
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Term
| Most striking feature of Native American society? |
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Definition
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Term
| Some things essentail to Indian society? |
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Definition
| Generosity and gift giving. |
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Term
Indian societies were matrilineal.
Matrilineal means... |
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Definition
| Centered on clans of kinship gropus in which children became members of the mothers family, not the fathers. |
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Term
| English law regarding marriage. |
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Definition
| A married man controlled the family's property and a wife had no independant legal identity. |
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Term
| Indians law regarding marriage. |
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Definition
| Indian women owned dwellings and tools, and a husband generally moved to live with the family of his wife. |
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Term
| Men and womans role in Indian societies |
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Definition
Men: contributed to the communities well being and demonstrated their masculinity by success in hunting or catching fish with nets and harpoons.
Women: took responsibilty not only for house hold duties but formost agricultural work as well. |
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Term
| Ways Europeans described Indians |
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Definition
In extreme terms. Either 'noble savages', gentle, friendly, superior to some while others thought uncivilized and brutual savages.
"Beautiful in stature and build." Giovanni da Verrazano. |
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Term
| Three areas European descriptions centered upon for Indians. |
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Definition
1. Religion
2. Land Use
3. Gender Relations
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Term
| By subdueing the Indians, Europeans believed they were giving them what three freedoms? |
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Definition
1. Freedom of true religion.
2. Freedom of private property.
3. Freedom of the liberation of both men and woman from uncivilized and unchristian gender roles. |
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